Phase change materials (PCMs) are thermal energy storing materials which are adopted in various industries including textiles. They provide temperature regulation by absorbing the heat from the ambiance or releasing the latent heat that they store. PCMs are widely integrated into textiles in microencapsulated form where the core PCM is covered by the microcapsule shell and protected during phase change. This form also provides a higher thermal conductivity. In this work, a blend of organic coconut oil and n-octadecane were used as phase change material in core, and melamine formaldehyde was used as shell material to develop microencapsulated PCM for heat storage. The microcapsules were produced by using in situ polymerization method. The developed microcapsules (MPCMs) were integrated to a recycled PES (polyester) nonwoven fabric, generated from PET (polyethylene terephthalate) fibres, and manufactured by combing and needle punching technique. The MPCMs were implemented to the fabric by coating method. The core PCM, MPCM, and the coated nonwoven fabric were assessed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM results indicated that spherical and uniform microcapsules were obtained with a particle size of 3-9 μm. DSC results revealed that MPCM and the MPCM coated nonwoven fabric possessed a remarkable melting enthalpy of 111 J/g and 30.9 J/g, respectively at peak melting temperatures of 28.1°C and 27.4°C.
{"title":"A SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH: INTEGRATION OF A\u0000MICROENCAPSULATED PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL TO A\u0000RECYCLED PES NONWOVEN FABRIC TO DEVELOP A HEAT\u0000STORING RECYCLED MATERIAL","authors":"E. G. Saraç, E. Öner, M. V. Kahraman","doi":"10.35530/tt.2021.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.01","url":null,"abstract":"Phase change materials (PCMs) are thermal energy storing materials which are adopted in various\u0000industries including textiles. They provide temperature regulation by absorbing the heat from the ambiance or\u0000releasing the latent heat that they store. PCMs are widely integrated into textiles in microencapsulated form\u0000where the core PCM is covered by the microcapsule shell and protected during phase change. This form also\u0000provides a higher thermal conductivity. In this work, a blend of organic coconut oil and n-octadecane were used\u0000as phase change material in core, and melamine formaldehyde was used as shell material to develop\u0000microencapsulated PCM for heat storage. The microcapsules were produced by using in situ polymerization\u0000method. The developed microcapsules (MPCMs) were integrated to a recycled PES (polyester) nonwoven fabric,\u0000generated from PET (polyethylene terephthalate) fibres, and manufactured by combing and needle punching\u0000technique. The MPCMs were implemented to the fabric by coating method. The core PCM, MPCM, and the\u0000coated nonwoven fabric were assessed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron\u0000Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM results indicated that spherical\u0000and uniform microcapsules were obtained with a particle size of 3-9 μm. DSC results revealed that MPCM and\u0000the MPCM coated nonwoven fabric possessed a remarkable melting enthalpy of 111 J/g and 30.9 J/g,\u0000respectively at peak melting temperatures of 28.1°C and 27.4°C.","PeriodicalId":22214,"journal":{"name":"TEXTEH Proceedings","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78517855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, sustainability is an imperative for industry, in all its sectors. The common focus is on achieving development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the future of the Planet and its People. In the field of fashion and textiles, this momentum toward sustainability translates also into an embryonic process of transformation of the material dimension. This positive transformation is characterized by the choice of new textile solutions supported by growing investments, radical experimentation, and a strong commitment to sustainability. Within this framework, there is a growing interest in bio-based materials, not only from material engineering experts, but also from designers who are starting to explore the possibilities offered by these materials through experiments more focused on design and aesthetics. According to the presented scenario, the proposed article investigates how to strategically implement the systematization of experiments in order to promote the development of an efficient and effective production chain for the growth of bacterial cellulose (BC). To do so, the authors will draw on the knowledge reservoir produced by the De- FORMA project - of which they are all members. This project has just initiated experimentation around the systematization of growth processes and characterization of bacterial cellulose. Specifically, the materials and methods used during the project's initial research phases will be here introduced and illustrated.
{"title":"GROWING MATERIALS: EXPLORING NEW DESIGN PRACTICES\u0000TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE FASHION SECTOR","authors":"E. D’Itria, P. Bolzan, F. Papile","doi":"10.35530/tt.2021.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.24","url":null,"abstract":"Today, sustainability is an imperative for industry, in all its sectors. The common focus is on\u0000achieving development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the future of the Planet and\u0000its People.\u0000In the field of fashion and textiles, this momentum toward sustainability translates also into an embryonic\u0000process of transformation of the material dimension. This positive transformation is characterized by the\u0000choice of new textile solutions supported by growing investments, radical experimentation, and a strong\u0000commitment to sustainability. Within this framework, there is a growing interest in bio-based materials, not\u0000only from material engineering experts, but also from designers who are starting to explore the possibilities\u0000offered by these materials through experiments more focused on design and aesthetics. According to the\u0000presented scenario, the proposed article investigates how to strategically implement the systematization of\u0000experiments in order to promote the development of an efficient and effective production chain for the growth\u0000of bacterial cellulose (BC). To do so, the authors will draw on the knowledge reservoir produced by the De-\u0000FORMA project - of which they are all members. This project has just initiated experimentation around the\u0000systematization of growth processes and characterization of bacterial cellulose. Specifically, the materials and\u0000methods used during the project's initial research phases will be here introduced and illustrated.","PeriodicalId":22214,"journal":{"name":"TEXTEH Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75305083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, it was achieved that the production of St. John's Wort oil loadad Eudragit RS 100/PVA microcapsules by emulsion/solvent evaporation method and the microcapsules were embedded in PVA nanofibers. Morphological analysis was carried out with SEM images of both microcapsules and nanofibers. The presence of St. John's Wort oil, PVA and Eudragit RS 100 polymers were confirmed in the chemical structure of microcapsules and nanofibers by FT-IR. According to experimental studies, microcapsules were produced to have a smooth surface, a spherical shape and a uniform particle size. The PVA concentration was kept constant at 10% wt and microcapsule concentrations were applied as 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt %. Then, polymer solution properties were measured, such as conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension. It was determined that viscosity and surface tension values increased with microcapsule concentration increase, while conductivity did not change significantly. Nanofiber production was realized via the electrospinning method under the optimum process parameters. According to the SEM images and histogram, nanowebs have a fine fiber diameter, smooth surface, high quality and no bead structure. In addition, the average microcapsule size is 30 μm, average fiber diameter is 430 nm and the fiber diameter uniformity coefficient is 1,014. It is thought that this nanofiber surface containing microcapsules embedded in St. John's Wort has the potential to be used as a wound dressing.
{"title":"ELECTROSPINNING OF ST. JOHN'S WORT OIL LOADED\u0000MICROCAPSULES BASED PVA NANOFIBERS","authors":"H. Güler, F. C. Çallıoğlu, İ.Y. Mol, M. Geysoğlu","doi":"10.35530/tt.2021.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.26","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it was achieved that the production of St. John's Wort oil loadad Eudragit RS 100/PVA\u0000microcapsules by emulsion/solvent evaporation method and the microcapsules were embedded in PVA\u0000nanofibers. Morphological analysis was carried out with SEM images of both microcapsules and nanofibers.\u0000The presence of St. John's Wort oil, PVA and Eudragit RS 100 polymers were confirmed in the chemical\u0000structure of microcapsules and nanofibers by FT-IR. According to experimental studies, microcapsules were\u0000produced to have a smooth surface, a spherical shape and a uniform particle size. The PVA concentration was\u0000kept constant at 10% wt and microcapsule concentrations were applied as 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 wt %. Then,\u0000polymer solution properties were measured, such as conductivity, viscosity, and surface tension. It was\u0000determined that viscosity and surface tension values increased with microcapsule concentration increase,\u0000while conductivity did not change significantly. Nanofiber production was realized via the electrospinning\u0000method under the optimum process parameters. According to the SEM images and histogram, nanowebs have\u0000a fine fiber diameter, smooth surface, high quality and no bead structure. In addition, the average\u0000microcapsule size is 30 μm, average fiber diameter is 430 nm and the fiber diameter uniformity coefficient is\u00001,014. It is thought that this nanofiber surface containing microcapsules embedded in St. John's Wort has the\u0000potential to be used as a wound dressing.","PeriodicalId":22214,"journal":{"name":"TEXTEH Proceedings","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77883811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Odhiambo, S. Vasile, J. Sarrazyn, I. Rottiers, A. De Raeve
Strain sensing seams have been developed by integrating conductive sewing threads in different types of seam designs on a fabric typical for sports clothing using sewing technology. The aim was to obtain a simply integrated stitch-based sensor that can be applied on sports clothing to monitor the movements of the upper body parts of the user during exercising. Stitch types 304; 406; 602 and 605 were produced. The seams were made on a knitted fabric composed of 80% polyamide 6.6 and 20% elastane. The seams underwent stretch cycling for 10 cycles and up to 44 cycles following EN ISO 14704-1:2005 (modified), using an INSTRON tensile tester machine. The changes in the resistance of the seams with time were recorded simultaneously using Agilent meter U1273A. Sensing functionality among which is sensor gauge factor (GF), stability, drift, and reproducibility were evaluated on the promising sensor seams. The type of base fabric used, stitch type, stitch formation process (friction and dynamic forces during sewing), integrated EC thread length, and positioning of thread(s) in the fabric have a significant influence on the performance of the seams. Sensor seam 406-001comprising 2 EC yarns (Madeira HC12) and Sensor seam 304-010 comprising 1 EC yarn (Madeira HC40) turned out to be very promising and others shall be improved (sensor 602-006 with Madeira HC 40 and sensor 605-002 with a Muriel yarn).
利用缝纫技术，将导电缝线集成到一种典型运动服装面料的不同类型缝线设计中，从而开发出应变传感缝线。其目的是获得一种简单集成的基于缝线的传感器，可以应用于运动服装上，以监测用户在运动期间上半身的运动。针型304;406;生产了602和605。接缝是在由80%聚酰胺6.6和20%弹性橡胶组成的针织物上缝制的。根据EN ISO 14704-1:2005(修改)，使用INSTRON拉伸试验机进行10次拉伸循环，最多可达44次拉伸循环。同时用安捷伦U1273A仪表记录接缝电阻随时间的变化。对有前景的传感器接缝进行了传感器测量因子(GF)、稳定性、漂移和再现性等传感功能评价。所使用的底布类型、线迹类型、线迹形成过程(缝纫时的摩擦力和动力)、综合EC线长度以及线在织物中的位置对接缝的性能有显著影响。由2根EC纱(马德拉HC12)组成的传感器缝406-001和由1根EC纱(马德拉HC40)组成的传感器缝304-010被证明是非常有前途的，其他的需要改进(传感器602-006用马德拉HC40，传感器605-002用Muriel纱)。
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STITCH-BASED\u0000SENSORS","authors":"S. Odhiambo, S. Vasile, J. Sarrazyn, I. Rottiers, A. De Raeve","doi":"10.35530/tt.2021.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.08","url":null,"abstract":"Strain sensing seams have been developed by integrating conductive sewing threads in different types of seam designs on a fabric typical for sports clothing using sewing technology. The aim was to obtain a simply integrated stitch-based sensor that can be applied on sports clothing to monitor the movements of the upper body parts of the user during exercising. Stitch types 304; 406; 602 and 605 were produced. The seams were made on a knitted fabric composed of 80% polyamide 6.6 and 20% elastane. The seams underwent stretch cycling for 10 cycles and up to 44 cycles following EN ISO 14704-1:2005 (modified), using an INSTRON tensile tester machine. The changes in the resistance of the seams with time were recorded simultaneously using Agilent meter U1273A. Sensing functionality among which is sensor gauge factor (GF), stability, drift, and reproducibility were evaluated on the promising sensor seams. The type of base fabric used, stitch type, stitch formation process (friction and dynamic forces during sewing), integrated EC thread length, and positioning of thread(s) in the fabric have a significant influence on the performance of the seams. Sensor seam 406-001comprising 2 EC yarns (Madeira HC12) and Sensor seam 304-010 comprising 1 EC yarn (Madeira HC40) turned out to be very promising and others shall be improved (sensor 602-006 with Madeira HC 40 and sensor 605-002 with a Muriel yarn).","PeriodicalId":22214,"journal":{"name":"TEXTEH Proceedings","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85080309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Disposable breathable diapers are considered as one of the most important developments in diaper sector. Breathable diapers keep the child’s skin dry and provide a comfortable feeling to the child. Breathability of diapers is obtained by using the breathable back sheet layer which is the most outer layer that the diaper comprises. In this study, the effects of laminating and printing processes on back sheet material breathability are studied. For this aim, four types of back sheet samples namely; film, printed film, laminated film and printedlaminated film are tested for breathability. For breathability testing, water vapour permeability test was applied with two different test devices which principally operate in different ambient conditions. As a result of the study, it is seen that, the breathability of back sheet component decreases as a result of printing and laminating processes. Also, it can be concluded that the ambient conditions for standard textile fabrics is not convenient for testing back sheet samples. Since, the test does not simulate the real ambient conditions of microclimate between the diaper and the child’s skin during diaper use.
{"title":"A RESEARCH ON THE BREATHABILITY PROPERTY\u0000OF BABY DIAPER BACKSHEET","authors":"H. K. Kaynak, M. Alsayed","doi":"10.35530/tt.2021.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.18","url":null,"abstract":"Disposable breathable diapers are considered as one of the most important developments in diaper\u0000sector. Breathable diapers keep the child’s skin dry and provide a comfortable feeling to the child. Breathability\u0000of diapers is obtained by using the breathable back sheet layer which is the most outer layer that the diaper\u0000comprises. In this study, the effects of laminating and printing processes on back sheet material breathability are\u0000studied. For this aim, four types of back sheet samples namely; film, printed film, laminated film and printedlaminated\u0000film are tested for breathability. For breathability testing, water vapour permeability test was applied\u0000with two different test devices which principally operate in different ambient conditions. As a result of the study,\u0000it is seen that, the breathability of back sheet component decreases as a result of printing and laminating\u0000processes. Also, it can be concluded that the ambient conditions for standard textile fabrics is not convenient for\u0000testing back sheet samples. Since, the test does not simulate the real ambient conditions of microclimate between\u0000the diaper and the child’s skin during diaper use.","PeriodicalId":22214,"journal":{"name":"TEXTEH Proceedings","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84291663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The health of children born prematurely remains a significant challenge, but clothing products designed considering medical requirements and handling methods used in the intensive care unit, may contribute to the reduction of neonatal mortality. Assistants in the therapy unit implement practices based on the needs of vulnerable infants, from the very first second of life. This pilot clinical study was conducted in a specialised on neonatal intensive care unit, at the IMSP Municipal Clinical Hospital Gheorghe Paladi from Chisinau. Informed consent of parents and/or careers was required. All users (nurses and doctors) were informed about the product and instructed regarding dressing and undressing process. This controlled study was conducted under the supervision of doctors and nurses. As the study was exploratory in nature, aspects of grounded theory have been used for qualitative data collection. The sample studied consists of preterm infants less than 30 weeks GA, admitted by UTIN in 2018. The population eligible for qualitative data collection was made up of neonatology nurses from the clinic. To obtain a heterogeneous sample, aspects such as age, work experience, environment, and education were considered. The method of observation and subsequent testing used of the newly designed products and every manipulation under medical conditions was intensely studied. Local reactions, if any, due to the texture and quality of the textile material that come into contact with the baby's skin, were also carefully monitored. The process of dressing and stripping off the products, carrying out medical manipulations (in case of neonatal emergencies), were also carefully observed for developing ease of use clothes.
{"title":"CLOTHES DEVELOPMENT BASED ON METHODS OF HANDLING\u0000OF PREMATURE BABIES IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT","authors":"V. Danila, A. Curteza, S. Balan","doi":"10.35530/tt.2021.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.13","url":null,"abstract":"The health of children born prematurely remains a significant challenge, but clothing products\u0000designed considering medical requirements and handling methods used in the intensive care unit, may\u0000contribute to the reduction of neonatal mortality. Assistants in the therapy unit implement practices based on\u0000the needs of vulnerable infants, from the very first second of life.\u0000This pilot clinical study was conducted in a specialised on neonatal intensive care unit, at the IMSP Municipal\u0000Clinical Hospital Gheorghe Paladi from Chisinau. Informed consent of parents and/or careers was required.\u0000All users (nurses and doctors) were informed about the product and instructed regarding dressing and\u0000undressing process. This controlled study was conducted under the supervision of doctors and nurses. As the\u0000study was exploratory in nature, aspects of grounded theory have been used for qualitative data collection.\u0000The sample studied consists of preterm infants less than 30 weeks GA, admitted by UTIN in 2018. The\u0000population eligible for qualitative data collection was made up of neonatology nurses from the clinic. To\u0000obtain a heterogeneous sample, aspects such as age, work experience, environment, and education were\u0000considered. The method of observation and subsequent testing used of the newly designed products and every\u0000manipulation under medical conditions was intensely studied. Local reactions, if any, due to the texture and\u0000quality of the textile material that come into contact with the baby's skin, were also carefully monitored. The\u0000process of dressing and stripping off the products, carrying out medical manipulations (in case of neonatal\u0000emergencies), were also carefully observed for developing ease of use clothes.","PeriodicalId":22214,"journal":{"name":"TEXTEH Proceedings","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88831459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Avadanei, A. Talpa, A. Curteza, D. Viziteu, I. Dulgheriu
With the progress and development of science and technology, virtual reality technology is becoming more and more present, its application in digital creations is becoming more and more widespread. Everything the user does is calculated by the computer and has real-time feedback, making this virtual environment more realistic and giving the user an immersive experience. This technology integrates the latest developments in computer science, computer simulation, artificial intelligence, recognition, display and online parallel processing. Virtual prototyping offers a new way to explore the design and subsequent changes that need to be made to the product before it is manufactured in larger quantities or put into production. The development of new product models using virtual tools requires a certain level of training of the designer; he/she must have skills in understanding and using the specific tools for CAD systems (2D and 3D) and technical knowledge regarding the ways of conceptual product development. This paper presents the methodology of the virtual development process for an apparel product model, using the tools of the 2D and 3D digital environments. The first solution is to design the 2D patterns of the components of an apparel product, followed by a 3D simulation that verifies the aforementioned solution. The second solution is to design the 3D components using the tools of the 3D digital environment (the software used is Clo3D) and then extract the 2D parts required for the classical manufacturing process.
{"title":"THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING VIRTUAL\u0000METHODS TO OBTAIN THE GARMENT PROTOTYPE\u0000(2D/3D AND 3D/2D)","authors":"M. Avadanei, A. Talpa, A. Curteza, D. Viziteu, I. Dulgheriu","doi":"10.35530/tt.2021.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.47","url":null,"abstract":"With the progress and development of science and technology, virtual reality technology is becoming\u0000more and more present, its application in digital creations is becoming more and more widespread.\u0000Everything the user does is calculated by the computer and has real-time feedback, making this virtual\u0000environment more realistic and giving the user an immersive experience. This technology integrates the latest\u0000developments in computer science, computer simulation, artificial intelligence, recognition, display and online\u0000parallel processing. Virtual prototyping offers a new way to explore the design and subsequent changes that\u0000need to be made to the product before it is manufactured in larger quantities or put into production. The\u0000development of new product models using virtual tools requires a certain level of training of the designer;\u0000he/she must have skills in understanding and using the specific tools for CAD systems (2D and 3D) and\u0000technical knowledge regarding the ways of conceptual product development. This paper presents the\u0000methodology of the virtual development process for an apparel product model, using the tools of the 2D and\u00003D digital environments. The first solution is to design the 2D patterns of the components of an apparel\u0000product, followed by a 3D simulation that verifies the aforementioned solution. The second solution is to\u0000design the 3D components using the tools of the 3D digital environment (the software used is Clo3D) and then\u0000extract the 2D parts required for the classical manufacturing process.","PeriodicalId":22214,"journal":{"name":"TEXTEH Proceedings","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85865417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R.V. Costa, C. Silva, T. Sousa, J. Bessa, F. Cunha, J. Belino, G. Paixão, R. Fangueiro
Universal mask use has emerged as one of the main strategies for reducing community transmission of the SARS-COV-2 virus. Due to the scarcity of material to produce disposable surgical masks, the governmental strategy was oriented to the community masks, even though performance levels were still not the same. This study intended to develop a new generation of surgical masks with different warp knit structures, evaluating the potential of multilayer gradient performance. The assembling methodology was also considered by modifying flat-bed calendering process parameters and manipulating final structures into a new origami design concept, and the overall mask filtration performance was reviewed. The overlapping of monolayers increased the substrate resistance to air and water vapour permeability, also influencing the water molecule's adhesion. The introduction of the web allowed a better layer assembling during the flat-bad process. Moreover, the breathability and water vapour diffusion are compromised since the adhesive web with temperature tends to merge and occupy the empty spaces between the layers. Moving forward, calendared structures without a web proved to be the best approach, meeting the certification criteria for surgical masks level I and II.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF MULTILAYER TEXTILE STRUCTURES FOR\u0000FILTERING APPLICATIONS – A NEW SURGICAL MASK\u0000APPROACH","authors":"R.V. Costa, C. Silva, T. Sousa, J. Bessa, F. Cunha, J. Belino, G. Paixão, R. Fangueiro","doi":"10.35530/tt.2021.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.05","url":null,"abstract":"Universal mask use has emerged as one of the main strategies for reducing community transmission of the SARS-COV-2 virus. Due to the scarcity of material to produce disposable surgical masks, the governmental strategy was oriented to the community masks, even though performance levels were still not the same.\u0000This study intended to develop a new generation of surgical masks with different warp knit structures, evaluating the potential of multilayer gradient performance. The assembling methodology was also considered by modifying flat-bed calendering process parameters and manipulating final structures into a new origami design concept, and the overall mask filtration performance was reviewed.\u0000The overlapping of monolayers increased the substrate resistance to air and water vapour permeability, also influencing the water molecule's adhesion. The introduction of the web allowed a better layer assembling during the flat-bad process. Moreover, the breathability and water vapour diffusion are compromised since the adhesive web with temperature tends to merge and occupy the empty spaces between the layers. Moving forward, calendared structures without a web proved to be the best approach, meeting the certification criteria for surgical masks level I and II.","PeriodicalId":22214,"journal":{"name":"TEXTEH Proceedings","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82711058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Minguez, E. Belda, I. Montava, P. D. Garcia, M. B. Aracil, J. Payá
Nanotechnology has evolved in the last years and nowadays there are many technologies related with the development of nanoparticles (NPs) or nanofibers (NFs). Due to the wide variety of polymers and diverse applications, filtration, medicine, cosmetic, etc., the study of those NFs is still of interest nowadays. In this work the NFs net created from electrospinning is used as a coating for fabrics. The aim of this work is to demonstrate how fibres are placed on the fabrics and if there is a tendency or they are located randomly. Two different fabrics were used a 100 % cotton plain 115g/m2 and a 100% polyamide knitting fabric 60 g/m2. A PVA solution (9% w/v) was used to create NFs which were placed on the fabrics. This solution was prepared by heating water at 80º C till complete solution of the polymer. Electrospinning was designed for a vertical collector with 15 cm distance from the needle. The flow rate was 0,5 mL/h with 15 or 20 kV for 15 minutes. Results evidenced the tendency of NFs net to be located on the fibres and consequently we could conclude the fabric is designing the position where the fibres would be placed. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that the presence of a fabric with reduced density implies deposition of NFs on both the fabric and the collector.
{"title":"SELECTIVE DEPOSITION OF NANOFIBERS NET ON TEXTILE\u0000STRUCTURES","authors":"D. Minguez, E. Belda, I. Montava, P. D. Garcia, M. B. Aracil, J. Payá","doi":"10.35530/tt.2021.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.34","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology has evolved in the last years and nowadays there are many technologies related with\u0000the development of nanoparticles (NPs) or nanofibers (NFs). Due to the wide variety of polymers and diverse\u0000applications, filtration, medicine, cosmetic, etc., the study of those NFs is still of interest nowadays. In this work\u0000the NFs net created from electrospinning is used as a coating for fabrics. The aim of this work is to demonstrate\u0000how fibres are placed on the fabrics and if there is a tendency or they are located randomly. Two different fabrics\u0000were used a 100 % cotton plain 115g/m2 and a 100% polyamide knitting fabric 60 g/m2. A PVA solution (9%\u0000w/v) was used to create NFs which were placed on the fabrics. This solution was prepared by heating water at\u000080º C till complete solution of the polymer. Electrospinning was designed for a vertical collector with 15 cm\u0000distance from the needle. The flow rate was 0,5 mL/h with 15 or 20 kV for 15 minutes. Results evidenced the\u0000tendency of NFs net to be located on the fibres and consequently we could conclude the fabric is designing the\u0000position where the fibres would be placed. Furthermore, we could demonstrate that the presence of a fabric with\u0000reduced density implies deposition of NFs on both the fabric and the collector.","PeriodicalId":22214,"journal":{"name":"TEXTEH Proceedings","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75466894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Silva, T. Sousa, J. Bessa, F. Cunha, M. Costa, A. Rocas, R. Fangueiro
Despite the growing appearance of new solutions for social masks, there are still few aimed for the use by professionals in frequent contact with the public, since depending on the of the functions they perform, still have special needs regarding thermophysiological comfort, high protection level and reusability, such as firefighters and police officers. Aiming at the development of a multilayer filtration system combining threedimensional and planar fibrous structures, the present study intends to verify the feasibility of applying warpknit spacers as diffuser filters for nano and micro particles. Therefore, three different spacer structures performance was studied, and then combined with planar knit structures to enhance the comfort characteristics and its bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE). The diffusion filtration performance of the samples, due to the particle size, it was found a direct relation between the outer layer density and porosity with its filtration capacity of microparticles. Moreover, the increase in the spacer thickness revealed more problems diffusing water vapor molecules. To achieve the standard requirements, the samples Techno_1 and 2 were developed and tested. The addition of a new fibrous structure increased substantially the filtration efficiency without damaging the comfort characteristics of the Spacers. Considering the BFE standard tests for facemask certification, despite it was possible to achieve filtration rates above 70% for the samples Techno_1 and 2. In addition, its washability and performance durability were tested and stated as viable to be applied as a social facemask with level III of protection for at least 25 washing cycles, despite having noticed a decrease in the filtration efficiency, in both samples, in the order of 10%, due to the unbalance of mechanical properties of the fibrous structures in the multilayer systems.
{"title":"BEHAVIOUR ASSESSMENT OF TRIDIMENSIONAL MULTILAYER\u0000FIBROUS STRUCTURES AS RESPIRATORY PROTECTION\u0000SUBSTRATES","authors":"C. Silva, T. Sousa, J. Bessa, F. Cunha, M. Costa, A. Rocas, R. Fangueiro","doi":"10.35530/tt.2021.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35530/tt.2021.39","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the growing appearance of new solutions for social masks, there are still few aimed for the use by professionals in frequent contact with the public, since depending on the of the functions they perform, still have special needs regarding thermophysiological comfort, high protection level and reusability, such as firefighters and police officers. Aiming at the development of a multilayer filtration system combining threedimensional\u0000and planar fibrous structures, the present study intends to verify the feasibility of applying warpknit spacers as diffuser filters for nano and micro particles. Therefore, three different spacer structures performance was studied, and then combined with planar knit structures to enhance the comfort characteristics and its bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE). The diffusion filtration performance of the samples, due to the particle size, it was found a direct relation between the outer layer density and porosity with its filtration\u0000capacity of microparticles. Moreover, the increase in the spacer thickness revealed more problems diffusing water vapor molecules. To achieve the standard requirements, the samples Techno_1 and 2 were developed and tested. The addition of a new fibrous structure increased substantially the filtration efficiency without damaging the comfort characteristics of the Spacers. Considering the BFE standard tests for facemask certification, despite it was possible to achieve filtration rates above 70% for the samples Techno_1 and 2. In addition, its washability and performance durability were tested and stated as viable to be applied as a social facemask with level III of protection for at least 25 washing cycles, despite having noticed a decrease in the filtration efficiency, in both\u0000samples, in the order of 10%, due to the unbalance of mechanical properties of the fibrous structures in the multilayer systems.","PeriodicalId":22214,"journal":{"name":"TEXTEH Proceedings","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89900047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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