Back-trap mottle is a common and serious print quality problem in lithographic offset printing of coated papers. It is caused by nonuniform ink retransfer from an already printed surface when it passes through a subsequent printing nip with the print in contact with the rubber blanket in that nip. A nonuniform surface porosity gives rise to mottle. A key parameter in mottling contexts is the coating mass distribution, which must be uniform. Good relationships between mottle and mass distribution have also been reported; the mottle pattern coincides with that of the coating mass distribution. High blade pressures, compressible base papers, and high water pick-up between application and metering, which plasticizes the paper, yield uniform mass distributions, but these parameters might have a detrimental effect on the runnability in blade coating in terms of web breaks. The general opinion has been that nonuniform surface porosity is caused by binder migration and enrichment of binder in the coating surface, more in the high coat weight areas and less in the low coat weight areas. Recent research has suggested that a more probable mechanism is depletion of binder in the coating surface. Nonuniform shrinkage of the pigment matrix (filter cake) formed during the consolidation between the first critical concentration (FCC) and the second critical concentration (SCC) is another possible mechanism. Relevant relaxation times for latex and the time scales for consolidation show that the high coat weight areas shrink more than the low coat weight areas in the coating layer. A recent pilot-scale experiment has shown that the drying strategy did not affect the differences in shrinkage between high and low coat weight areas. The drying strategy has a pronounced impact on mottle. A high evaporation rate at the beginning of the evaporation results in less mottle than a low evaporation rate. The least mottle is obtained if the drying is performed with a gap in the course of evaporation between the FCC and the SCC.
{"title":"Causes of back-trap mottle in lithographic offset prints on coated papers","authors":"G. Engström","doi":"10.32964/TJ15.2.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/TJ15.2.91","url":null,"abstract":"Back-trap mottle is a common and serious print quality problem in lithographic offset printing of coated papers. It is caused by nonuniform ink retransfer from an already printed surface when it passes through a subsequent printing nip with the print in contact with the rubber blanket in that nip. A nonuniform surface porosity gives rise to mottle. A key parameter in mottling contexts is the coating mass distribution, which must be uniform. Good relationships between mottle and mass distribution have also been reported; the mottle pattern coincides with that of the coating mass distribution. High blade pressures, compressible base papers, and high water pick-up between application and metering, which plasticizes the paper, yield uniform mass distributions, but these parameters might have a detrimental effect on the runnability in blade coating in terms of web breaks. The general opinion has been that nonuniform surface porosity is caused by binder migration and enrichment of binder in the coating surface, more in the high coat weight areas and less in the low coat weight areas. Recent research has suggested that a more probable mechanism is depletion of binder in the coating surface. Nonuniform shrinkage of the pigment matrix (filter cake) formed during the consolidation between the first critical concentration (FCC) and the second critical concentration (SCC) is another possible mechanism. Relevant relaxation times for latex and the time scales for consolidation show that the high coat weight areas shrink more than the low coat weight areas in the coating layer. A recent pilot-scale experiment has shown that the drying strategy did not affect the differences in shrinkage between high and low coat weight areas. The drying strategy has a pronounced impact on mottle. A high evaporation rate at the beginning of the evaporation results in less mottle than a low evaporation rate. The least mottle is obtained if the drying is performed with a gap in the course of evaporation between the FCC and the SCC.","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A biochemical methane potential assay was conducted to investigate the anaerobic digestibility of bleaching effluent from hardwood kraft pulping and the potential of codigestion with other effluents from an integrated pulp and paper mill. Four in-mill streams were tested individually and in combination: total bleaching effluent, alkaline bleaching effluent, kraft evaporator condensate, and chemithermomechanical pulping effluent. The total bleaching effluent, consisting of the chlorine dioxide bleaching and alkaline bleaching effluents, exhibited the highest potential for organic matter degradation and methane generation. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal ranged from 57%-76%, and methane generation was 220-280 mL/g COD contained in the wastewater, depending on the degree of dilution. When codigestion was tested, the composite consisting of total bleaching effluent, chemithermomechanical pulping effluent, and kraft condensate was most efficient in terms of COD removal (51%) and methane generation (200 mL/g COD contained in the wastewater). The total bleaching effluent is the largest contributor to the overall amount of wastewater at this mill; it contains relatively low concentrations of anaerobic inhibitors such as adsorbable organic halogens (36 mg/L), total sulfur (170 mg/L), and resin and fatty acids (3.2 mg/L). Therefore, the total bleaching effluent from hardwood kraft pulping may be considered for full-scale anaerobic wastewater treatment, either as a singular stream or as part of a composite stream including other in-mill effluents.
{"title":"Biochemical methane potential of kraft bleaching effluent and codigestion with other in-mill streams","authors":"T. Fitamo, O. Dahl, E. Master, T. Meyer","doi":"10.32964/TJ15.2.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/TJ15.2.80","url":null,"abstract":"A biochemical methane potential assay was conducted to investigate the anaerobic digestibility of bleaching effluent from hardwood kraft pulping and the potential of codigestion with other effluents from an integrated pulp and paper mill. Four in-mill streams were tested individually and in combination: total bleaching effluent, alkaline bleaching effluent, kraft evaporator condensate, and chemithermomechanical pulping effluent. The total bleaching effluent, consisting of the chlorine dioxide bleaching and alkaline bleaching effluents, exhibited the highest potential for organic matter degradation and methane generation. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal ranged from 57%-76%, and methane generation was 220-280 mL/g COD contained in the wastewater, depending on the degree of dilution. When codigestion was tested, the composite consisting of total bleaching effluent, chemithermomechanical pulping effluent, and kraft condensate was most efficient in terms of COD removal (51%) and methane generation (200 mL/g COD contained in the wastewater). The total bleaching effluent is the largest contributor to the overall amount of wastewater at this mill; it contains relatively low concentrations of anaerobic inhibitors such as adsorbable organic halogens (36 mg/L), total sulfur (170 mg/L), and resin and fatty acids (3.2 mg/L). Therefore, the total bleaching effluent from hardwood kraft pulping may be considered for full-scale anaerobic wastewater treatment, either as a singular stream or as part of a composite stream including other in-mill effluents.","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"80-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconciling material balances with laboratory test results: The case of the inorganic-to-organic ratio in black liquor","authors":"J. D. Andrews, E. G. Alexander, P. Hart","doi":"10.32964/tj14.9.593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj14.9.593","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"593-597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. M. Jardim, R. C. Oliveira, J. Hsieh, A. Ragauskas, T. Elder
{"title":"Eucalyptus fiber modification using dielectric-barrier discharge","authors":"C. M. Jardim, R. C. Oliveira, J. Hsieh, A. Ragauskas, T. Elder","doi":"10.32964/tj14.9.585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj14.9.585","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"585-591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lessons learned: Designing the forest biorefinery","authors":"F. Clerc, V. Chambost, P. Stuart","doi":"10.32964/tj14.9.609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj14.9.609","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"609-616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surface energy of cellulosic materials: The effect of particle morphology, particle size, and hydroxyl number","authors":"Yucheng Peng, D. Gardner","doi":"10.32964/tj14.9.565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj14.9.565","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"565-576"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge H. Sánchez, German C. Quintana, Mery E. Fajardo
{"title":"Rheology of pulp suspensions of bleached sugarcane bagasse: Effect of consistency and temperature","authors":"Jorge H. Sánchez, German C. Quintana, Mery E. Fajardo","doi":"10.32964/tj14.9.601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj14.9.601","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"601-606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Zhu, M. S. Chandra, R. Gleisner, William Gilles, Johnway Gao, G. Marrs, Dwight Anderson, J. Sessions
We examined two case studies to demonstrate the advantages of sulfite chemistry for pretreating underutilized woody biomass to produce sugars through enzymatic saccharification. In the first case study, we evaluated knot rejects from a magnesium-basedsulfite mill for direct enzymatic sugar production.We found that the sulfite mill rejects are an excellent feedstock for sugar production. In the second study, we presented SPORL (sulfite pretreatment to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses),a sulfite pretreatment process based on modified sulfite pulping for robust bioconversion of softwood forest residues. Sulfite pulping technology is well developed, with proven commercial scalability, and sulfite pretreatment is a strong contender for commercial adoption. woody biomass through enzymatic saccharification. Application: Mills can consider sulfite chemistry, which has the advantage of high-yield sugar production from roducing sugars from underutilized woody biomass for pretreating woody biomass for sugar production using Pcan be a potential revenue stream for pulp mills enzymes. Unlike pulping, where the goal is to achieve without competing with feedstock for pulp production. as much as delignification as possible while preserving To efficiently release sugar from woody biomass through hemicelluloses, pretreating biomass for sugar production enzymatic saccharification, a pretreatment step is does not need to achieve complete delignification required to remove the strong recalcitrance of wood but requires significant dissolution of hemicelluloses polymer matrix to biological deconstruction [1]. Several [8] to produce a porous substrate to improve cellulose chemical-including pulping processes have been studied accessibility to cellulase. The dissolution of hemicelluloses for pretreating woody biomass [2-6]. However, limited can also fractionate hemicelluloses into the form of successes were achieved in terms of good sugar yield. monomeric sugars, which is very desirable for biomass Sulfite chemistry has several unique characteristics that biorefining. The ability of delignification by sulfite under are considered disadvantages for pulping; for example, acidic conditions can facilitate hemicellulose dissolution at deploymerization of hemicelluloses often results in pulps high temperatures to reduce reaction time while partially with low strength and yield [7]. Furthermore, acidic or solubilizing and sulfonating lignin. Table I lists the utility bisulfite pulping requires low temperature and prolonged of the characteristics of sulfite chemistry for enzymatic time for delignification to avoid lignin condensation at saccharification of woody biomass by comparing with low pH. However, these disadvantages can be beneficial their effects on wood pulping [9-13]. SEPTEMBER 2015 I VOL. 14 NO. 9 I TAPPI JOURNAL 577 9 We have demonstrated the robust performance of sulfite pretreatment to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL), based on mod
我们研究了两个案例研究，以证明亚硫酸盐化学在预处理未充分利用的木质生物质通过酶糖化生产糖方面的优势。在第一个案例研究中，我们评估了镁基亚硫酸盐厂用于直接酶促糖生产的结渣。我们发现亚硫酸盐废渣是一种优良的制糖原料。在第二项研究中，我们提出了SPORL(亚硫酸盐预处理以克服木质纤维素的顽固性)，这是一种基于改性亚硫酸盐纸浆的亚硫酸盐预处理工艺，用于软木林残留物的强大生物转化。亚硫酸盐制浆技术发展良好，具有成熟的商业可扩展性，亚硫酸盐预处理是商业应用的有力竞争者。通过酶糖化的木质生物质。应用:工厂可以考虑亚硫酸盐化学，它的优点是通过从未充分利用的木质生物质中生产糖来高产糖，因为使用Pcan预处理木质生物质用于制糖是纸浆工厂酶的潜在收入来源。与纸浆不同，纸浆的目标是在不与原料竞争的情况下实现纸浆生产。为了通过半纤维素有效地从木质生物质中释放糖，预处理生物质用于制糖的酶解糖化，预处理步骤不需要达到去除木材强顽固性所需的完全脱木质素，而是需要大量溶解半纤维素聚合物基质进行生物解构。研究了几种制备多孔底物以改善纤维素化学制浆过程的方法，包括纤维素酶的可及性。半纤维素的溶解预处理木质生物质[2-6]。然而，有限的半纤维素也可以分馏成成功的形式，在良好的糖产量方面取得了成功。亚硫酸盐化学中非常理想的单体糖具有几个独特的特点，可以进行生物精制。亚硫酸盐脱木质素的能力被认为是制浆的缺点;例如，酸性条件可以促进半纤维素的溶解，在半纤维素的展开过程中，通常会导致纸浆温度升高，以减少反应时间，而部分纸浆强度低，收率低。此外，酸性或增溶磺化木质素。表1列出了亚硫酸盐制浆的效用，与低ph相比，亚硫酸盐制浆需要较低的温度和较长的亚硫酸盐化学特性来进行脱木质素的酶促时间，以避免木质生物质糖化时木质素的缩聚。然而，这些缺点对木材制浆的影响是有益的[9-13]。2015年9月I卷14期我们已经证明了亚硫酸盐预处理在克服木质纤维素(SPORL)的顽固性方面的强大性能，基于改性亚硫酸盐制浆，从各种木材(包括杂交杨树和软木)中生产乙醇[9,14-17]。所有这些研究都使用纸浆厂的木屑(即与木材和纤维产品竞争的原料)。在这项研究中，我们将展示亚硫酸盐化学对两种未充分利用的原料的高产糖生产，亚硫酸盐厂废渣和道格拉斯冷杉采伐森林残留物。案例研究1是利用亚硫酸镁纸浆厂废渣生产葡萄糖的研究，案例研究2是利用SPORL利用道格拉斯冷杉采伐林渣生产高滴度糖的研究。一些研究表明，亚硫酸盐磨渣对制糖具有高度可消化性[18-20]。与以往研究的硫酸铵制浆不同，亚硫酸镁制浆废渣的主要特征是针叶木材的亚硫酸盐废渣。金属碱可能会影响糖生产酶的活性，这是值得研究的。在美国，针叶林残留物大量可用，但由于木质素含量高，对酶糖化具有很强的抗性。很少有研究报道软木林残渣制糖。我们以前的研究是在实验室规模150 g (od)森林残留物[21]进行的。我们将在中试规模上演示亚硫酸盐预处理，并使用根据纸浆厂实践制备的亚硫酸盐溶液;即将二氧化硫(SO2)冒泡到氢氧化物溶液中，而不是使用商业亚硫酸钠和硫酸来调节pH值，我们之前的研究都有报道[9,14-17,21]。鉴于亚硫酸盐制浆技术的成熟，本研究具有重要的现实意义，特别是考虑到硫酸盐纸浆厂的染色制糖以回收化学物质以及利用纸浆厂未充分利用的木质生物质。 我们研究了两个案例研究，以证明亚硫酸盐化学在预处理未充分利用的木质生物质通过酶糖化生产糖方面的优势。在第一个案例研究中，我们评估了镁基亚硫酸盐厂用于直接酶促糖生产的结渣。我们发现亚硫酸盐废渣是一种优良的制糖原料。在第二项研究中，我们提出了SPORL(亚硫酸盐预处理以克服木质纤维素的顽固性)，这是一种基于改性亚硫酸盐纸浆的亚硫酸盐预处理工艺，用于软木林残留物的强大生物转化。亚硫酸盐制浆技术发展良好，具有成熟的商业可扩展性，亚硫酸盐预处理是商业应用的有力竞争者。通过酶糖化的木质生物质。应用:工厂可以考虑亚硫酸盐化学，它的优点是通过从未充分利用的木质生物质中生产糖来高产糖，因为使用Pcan预处理木质生物质用于制糖是纸浆工厂酶的潜在收入来源。与纸浆不同，纸浆的目标是在不与原料竞争的情况下实现纸浆生产。为了通过半纤维素有效地从木质生物质中释放糖，预处理生物质用于制糖的酶解糖化，预处理步骤不需要达到去除木材强顽固性所需的完全脱木质素，而是需要大量溶解半纤维素聚合物基质进行生物解构。研究了几种制备多孔底物以改善纤维素化学制浆过程的方法，包括纤维素酶的可及性。半纤维素的溶解预处理木质生物质[2-6]。然而，有限的半纤维素也可以分馏成成功的形式，在良好的糖产量方面取得了成功。亚硫酸盐化学中非常理想的单体糖具有几个独特的特点，可以进行生物精制。亚硫酸盐脱木质素的能力被认为是制浆的缺点;例如，酸性条件可以促进半纤维素的溶解，在半纤维素的展开过程中，通常会导致纸浆温度升高，以减少反应时间，而部分纸浆强度低，收率低。此外，酸性或增溶磺化木质素。表1列出了亚硫酸盐制浆的效用，与低ph相比，亚硫酸盐制浆需要较低的温度和较长的亚硫酸盐化学特性来进行脱木质素的酶促时间，以避免木质生物质糖化时木质素的缩聚。然而，这些缺点对木材制浆的影响是有益的[9-13]。2015年9月I卷14期我们已经证明了亚硫酸盐预处理在克服木质纤维素(SPORL)的顽固性方面的强大性能，基于改性亚硫酸盐制浆，从各种木材(包括杂交杨树和软木)中生产乙醇[9,14-17]。所有这些研究都使用纸浆厂的木屑(即与木材和纤维产品竞争的原料)。在这项研究中，我们将展示亚硫酸盐化学对两种未充分利用的原料的高产糖生产，亚硫酸盐厂废渣和道格拉斯冷杉采伐森林残留物。案例研究1是利用亚硫酸镁纸浆厂废渣生产葡萄糖的研究，案例研究2是利用SPORL利用道格拉斯冷杉采伐林渣生产高滴度糖的研究。一些研究表明，亚硫酸盐磨渣对制糖具有高度可消化性[18-20]。与以往研究的硫酸铵制浆不同，亚硫酸镁制浆废渣的主要特征是针叶木材的亚硫酸盐废渣。金属碱可能会影响糖生产酶的活性，这是值得研究的。在美国，针叶林残留物大量可用，但由于木质素含量高，对酶糖化具有很强的抗性。很少有研究报道软木林残渣制糖。我们以前的研究是在实验室规模150 g (od)森林残留物[21]进行的。我们将在中试规模上演示亚硫酸盐预处理，并使用根据纸浆厂实践制备的亚硫酸盐溶液;即将二氧化硫(SO2)冒泡到氢氧化物溶液中，而不是使用商业亚硫酸钠和硫酸来调节pH值，我们之前的研究都有报道[9,14-17,21]。鉴于亚硫酸盐制浆技术的成熟，本研究具有重要的现实意义，特别是考虑到硫酸盐纸浆厂的染色制糖以回收化学物质以及利用纸浆厂未充分利用的木质生物质。 材料和方法案例研究1:亚硫酸盐磨废渣亚硫酸盐磨废渣来自Cosmo特种纤维公司(cosmopolitan, WA, USA)。该工厂采用亚硫酸镁和镁回收技术，以软木为原料生产高档溶解纸浆。废品为未漂白的废品结，典型粒径为2英寸。收集的次品含水量约为70%，并被运往美国威斯康星州麦迪逊市的美国农业部林业局林产品实验室(FPL)。由于高含水率(与两个亚硫酸盐工厂的私人通信)，在工厂燃烧这些废渣不会产生太多热量。然后，将收到的次品直接在12英寸的钻头中进行圆盘铣削。实验室盘式
{"title":"Case studies on sugar production from underutilized woody biomass using sulfite chemistry","authors":"J. Zhu, M. S. Chandra, R. Gleisner, William Gilles, Johnway Gao, G. Marrs, Dwight Anderson, J. Sessions","doi":"10.32964/TJ14.9.577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/TJ14.9.577","url":null,"abstract":"We examined two case studies to demonstrate the advantages of sulfite chemistry for pretreating underutilized woody biomass to produce sugars through enzymatic saccharification. In the first case study, we evaluated knot rejects from a magnesium-basedsulfite mill for direct enzymatic sugar production.We found that the sulfite mill rejects are an excellent feedstock for sugar production. In the second study, we presented SPORL (sulfite pretreatment to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses),a sulfite pretreatment process based on modified sulfite pulping for robust bioconversion of softwood forest residues. Sulfite pulping technology is well developed, with proven commercial scalability, and sulfite pretreatment is a strong contender for commercial adoption. woody biomass through enzymatic saccharification. Application: Mills can consider sulfite chemistry, which has the advantage of high-yield sugar production from roducing sugars from underutilized woody biomass for pretreating woody biomass for sugar production using Pcan be a potential revenue stream for pulp mills enzymes. Unlike pulping, where the goal is to achieve without competing with feedstock for pulp production. as much as delignification as possible while preserving To efficiently release sugar from woody biomass through hemicelluloses, pretreating biomass for sugar production enzymatic saccharification, a pretreatment step is does not need to achieve complete delignification required to remove the strong recalcitrance of wood but requires significant dissolution of hemicelluloses polymer matrix to biological deconstruction [1]. Several [8] to produce a porous substrate to improve cellulose chemical-including pulping processes have been studied accessibility to cellulase. The dissolution of hemicelluloses for pretreating woody biomass [2-6]. However, limited can also fractionate hemicelluloses into the form of successes were achieved in terms of good sugar yield. monomeric sugars, which is very desirable for biomass Sulfite chemistry has several unique characteristics that biorefining. The ability of delignification by sulfite under are considered disadvantages for pulping; for example, acidic conditions can facilitate hemicellulose dissolution at deploymerization of hemicelluloses often results in pulps high temperatures to reduce reaction time while partially with low strength and yield [7]. Furthermore, acidic or solubilizing and sulfonating lignin. Table I lists the utility bisulfite pulping requires low temperature and prolonged of the characteristics of sulfite chemistry for enzymatic time for delignification to avoid lignin condensation at saccharification of woody biomass by comparing with low pH. However, these disadvantages can be beneficial their effects on wood pulping [9-13]. SEPTEMBER 2015 I VOL. 14 NO. 9 I TAPPI JOURNAL 577 9 We have demonstrated the robust performance of sulfite pretreatment to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocelluloses (SPORL), based on mod","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"577-583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The influence of strain rate and pulp properties on the stress-strain curve and relaxation rate of wet paper","authors":"Jarmo Kouko, E. Retulainen","doi":"10.32964/TJ14.8.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/TJ14.8.515","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"515-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optimal performance of the green liquor plant, recausticizing plant, and lime cycle is vital for adequate white liquor availability and quality as well as for a mill's energy efficiency. Recently, ...
{"title":"New challenges regarding nonprocess elements in the liquor and lime cycle","authors":"M. Bialik, A. Jensen, Mikael Ahlroth","doi":"10.32964/tj14.7.421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32964/tj14.7.421","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal performance of the green liquor plant, recausticizing plant, and lime cycle is vital for adequate white liquor availability and quality as well as for a mill's energy efficiency. Recently, ...","PeriodicalId":22255,"journal":{"name":"Tappi Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"421-429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69472734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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