Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2024.26.1.30
Bo-Ae Lee
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular aerobic exercise on cardiovascular health factors and heart function in sedentary male office workers.METHODS To achieve this aim, 20 individuals were selected as subjects: 10 in the exercise group (who have been regularly exercising for over 5 years, more than 4 times per week, for 1 hour or more per workout) and 10 in the control group (defines sedentary behavior more of moderate-intensity exercise for 30 minutes or longer, at least three days a week ). For data processing, the average and standard deviation were calculated using the SPSS 21.0 statistical program, and the difference in the mean value change between groups was verified by performing an independent t-test.RESULTS There were significant differences between groups in factors related to cardiovascular health, such as resting heart rate, maximum systolic blood pressure, maximum oxygen intake, and exercise duration. Regarding heart function, there were significant differences between both groups in peak velocities of early and atrial fillings, as well as in early and late diastolic annulus velocities.CONCLUSIONS Taken together, regular aerobic exercise appears to have a positive impact on cardiovascular health factors and heart function in sedentary male office workers.
{"title":"Effects of Regular Aerobic Exercise on Cardiovascular Health Factors and Heart Function in Sedentary Male Office Workers","authors":"Bo-Ae Lee","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2024.26.1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2024.26.1.30","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of regular aerobic exercise on cardiovascular health factors and heart function in sedentary male office workers.METHODS To achieve this aim, 20 individuals were selected as subjects: 10 in the exercise group (who have been regularly exercising for over 5 years, more than 4 times per week, for 1 hour or more per workout) and 10 in the control group (defines sedentary behavior more of moderate-intensity exercise for 30 minutes or longer, at least three days a week ). For data processing, the average and standard deviation were calculated using the SPSS 21.0 statistical program, and the difference in the mean value change between groups was verified by performing an independent t-test.RESULTS There were significant differences between groups in factors related to cardiovascular health, such as resting heart rate, maximum systolic blood pressure, maximum oxygen intake, and exercise duration. Regarding heart function, there were significant differences between both groups in peak velocities of early and atrial fillings, as well as in early and late diastolic annulus velocities.CONCLUSIONS Taken together, regular aerobic exercise appears to have a positive impact on cardiovascular health factors and heart function in sedentary male office workers.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140474656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-31DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2024.26.1.76
Yun-Hwan Lee, Chul-Ho Kim, Jea-Kwang Lee, Ji-Eun Lee, Ho-Seong Lee
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the weight loss and isotonic core exercise on oswestry disability index (ODI), trunk extensor and flexor muscle strength in obese middle-aged women with chronic low back pain.METHODS Eighteen obese middle-aged woman with chronic low back pain were randomly assigned into weight loss + core exercise group (WL+CE, n=6), core exercise group (CE, n=6), and control group (CON, n=6). The weight loss goal was set at approximately 0.5-1 kg per week, and core exercises were conducted for 60 minutes, three times a week, for 8 weeks. Body composition (weight, % body fat, muscle mass, WHR), ODI, trunk extensor and flexor muscle strength were measured before, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after core exercise.RESULTS WHR and ODI significantly decreased at 4 and 8 weeks of exercise in both the WL+CE and CE groups compared to before exercise (p<.05, respectively). Trunk extensor muscle strength significant increased at 8 weeks after exercise compared to before exercise at 146°, 158°, 170°, and 182° in the WL+CE (p<.05, respectively), and significant increased at 8 weeks after exercise compared to before exercise at 146° and 158° in the CE (p<.05, respectively). Trunk flexor muscle strength was a significant increase at 8 weeks after exercise compared to before exercise at 146°, 158°, and 182° in the WL+CE (p<.05, respectively), and significant increase at 8 weeks after exercise compared to before exercise at 110°, 134°, 146°, and 170° in the CE (p<.05, respectively).CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that weight loss and core exercise improve WHR, ODI, and trunk extensor and flexor muscle strength in obese middle-aged women with chronic low back pain.
{"title":"Dose Weight loss and Core Exercise improve Oswestry disability index, Trunk Extensor and Flexor Muscle Strength in Obese Middle-Aged Women with Chronic Low Back Pain?","authors":"Yun-Hwan Lee, Chul-Ho Kim, Jea-Kwang Lee, Ji-Eun Lee, Ho-Seong Lee","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2024.26.1.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2024.26.1.76","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the weight loss and isotonic core exercise on oswestry disability index (ODI), trunk extensor and flexor muscle strength in obese middle-aged women with chronic low back pain.METHODS Eighteen obese middle-aged woman with chronic low back pain were randomly assigned into weight loss + core exercise group (WL+CE, n=6), core exercise group (CE, n=6), and control group (CON, n=6). The weight loss goal was set at approximately 0.5-1 kg per week, and core exercises were conducted for 60 minutes, three times a week, for 8 weeks. Body composition (weight, % body fat, muscle mass, WHR), ODI, trunk extensor and flexor muscle strength were measured before, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after core exercise.RESULTS WHR and ODI significantly decreased at 4 and 8 weeks of exercise in both the WL+CE and CE groups compared to before exercise (p<.05, respectively). Trunk extensor muscle strength significant increased at 8 weeks after exercise compared to before exercise at 146°, 158°, 170°, and 182° in the WL+CE (p<.05, respectively), and significant increased at 8 weeks after exercise compared to before exercise at 146° and 158° in the CE (p<.05, respectively). Trunk flexor muscle strength was a significant increase at 8 weeks after exercise compared to before exercise at 146°, 158°, and 182° in the WL+CE (p<.05, respectively), and significant increase at 8 weeks after exercise compared to before exercise at 110°, 134°, 146°, and 170° in the CE (p<.05, respectively).CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that weight loss and core exercise improve WHR, ODI, and trunk extensor and flexor muscle strength in obese middle-aged women with chronic low back pain.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140476510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.12
Jonghwa Lee, Youngho Kim
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the effects of a walking exercise intervention on depression.METHODS We conducted searches across several databases, including DBpia, KISS, National Assembly Library, and RISS, using the PICOS framework to extract studies for meta-analysis. Following this procedure, we selected three dissertations and 12 journal articles from the literature, focusing on the effects of depression. The R program (ver.4.3.1) was used for meta-analysis to calculate the effect sizes for depression.RESULTS Outcomes from the random-effects model indicated a substantial effect size for depression, -1.00 (95% CI=-1.35, -0.65), signifying a significant effect (z=-5.56, p=.0001).CONCLUSIONS The walking exercise intervention exhibited a positive effect on depression.
{"title":"A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Walking Exercise on Depression","authors":"Jonghwa Lee, Youngho Kim","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the effects of a walking exercise intervention on depression.METHODS We conducted searches across several databases, including DBpia, KISS, National Assembly Library, and RISS, using the PICOS framework to extract studies for meta-analysis. Following this procedure, we selected three dissertations and 12 journal articles from the literature, focusing on the effects of depression. The R program (ver.4.3.1) was used for meta-analysis to calculate the effect sizes for depression.RESULTS Outcomes from the random-effects model indicated a substantial effect size for depression, -1.00 (95% CI=-1.35, -0.65), signifying a significant effect (z=-5.56, p=.0001).CONCLUSIONS The walking exercise intervention exhibited a positive effect on depression.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.3
Jinhan Park, Jusik Park
OBJECTIVES Jujubae fructus (JF, Ziziphus jujuba var. inermis Rehder) is an economically and agriculturally significant perennial fruit tree crop of the Rhamnaceae family and is used as a traditional herbal medicine. However, the anti-fatigue effect of JF has not been reported yet. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-fatigue effect of JF by in vivo experiments.Methods Male ICR mice were classified into a saline-treated swimming load test group (control) and JF (1, 10, 100 mg/kg) supplied swimming load test group (JF), and randomly assigned to 5 mice per group. Distilled water and JF were orally administered. The anti-fatigue effect of JF was evaluated by open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST).Results JF significantly increased the total distance moved in OFT in a dose-dependent manner. JF was significantly decreased immobility time compared to control group in the FST. The increase in lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase after FST was suppressed by JF treatment. Consumption and recovery of energy sources (free fatty acid and triglyceride) were improved after FST through JF treatment. Administration of JF decreased the expression of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA) by FST in brain stem and hypothalamus.Conclusions Based on these results, this study provides scientific proof for anti-fatigue effect of JF and it could be a useful material.
{"title":"Effect of Jujubae Fructus on Fatigue Recovery in Mouse Exercise Model","authors":"Jinhan Park, Jusik Park","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES Jujubae fructus (JF, <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> var. inermis Rehder) is an economically and agriculturally significant perennial fruit tree crop of the Rhamnaceae family and is used as a traditional herbal medicine. However, the anti-fatigue effect of JF has not been reported yet. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-fatigue effect of JF by in vivo experiments.Methods Male ICR mice were classified into a saline-treated swimming load test group (control) and JF (1, 10, 100 mg/kg) supplied swimming load test group (JF), and randomly assigned to 5 mice per group. Distilled water and JF were orally administered. The anti-fatigue effect of JF was evaluated by open field test (OFT) and forced swimming test (FST).Results JF significantly increased the total distance moved in OFT in a dose-dependent manner. JF was significantly decreased immobility time compared to control group in the FST. The increase in lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase after FST was suppressed by JF treatment. Consumption and recovery of energy sources (free fatty acid and triglyceride) were improved after FST through JF treatment. Administration of JF decreased the expression of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine (DA) by FST in brain stem and hypothalamus.Conclusions Based on these results, this study provides scientific proof for anti-fatigue effect of JF and it could be a useful material.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.1
Govindasamy Balasekaran
Prediction of performance is an important parameter in exercise, especially in sports. There are several ways to predict performance, however many are fraught with difficulties such as error of prediction being too large or the lack of reliability and validity [1]. The recently published Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS) validation and the Running Energy Reserve Index (RERI) had lower errors in predicting world class, elite, sub elite and collegiate performances [1,2]. The use of MAS and Maximal Anaerobic Speed to predict performance has been used previously by Bundle et al [3]. However
{"title":"Prediction of Running Performances for World Class, Elite, Sub-elite, and Collegiate Athletes based on Maximal Aerobic Speed and Running Energy Reserve Index","authors":"Govindasamy Balasekaran","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction of performance is an important parameter in exercise, especially in sports. There are several ways to predict performance, however many are fraught with difficulties such as error of prediction being too large or the lack of reliability and validity [1]. The recently published Maximal Aerobic Speed (MAS) validation and the Running Energy Reserve Index (RERI) had lower errors in predicting world class, elite, sub elite and collegiate performances [1,2]. The use of MAS and Maximal Anaerobic Speed to predict performance has been used previously by Bundle et al [3]. However","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.32
Dojin An, Namsu Kim
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among functional movement, skillrelated physical fitness, skill performance, competitive anxiety, and sport-confidence in college footballers.METHODS In this study, 76 college footballers were selected as research participants to investigate their body composition factors and general characteristics, and their functional movement, quickness, speed, agility, dribbling, competitive anxiety, and sport-confidence were measured. For analysis of study results, descriptive statistics, and Pearson’s product-moment coefficients of correlation were used. And then, multiple and simple linear regression were conducted to verify the influence of psychological, functional movement, skill-related physical fitness, and skill performance factors.RESULTS As a results of the analysis, correlation between functional movement factors, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and state sport-confidence were significant considerably. In addition, deep squat, rotary stability, and shoulder mobility among the FMS sub-factors were found to have a significant effect on cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, state sport-confidence, and trait sport-confidence. Also, dribbling factor was found to have a significant effect on cognitive anxiety.CONCLUSIONS Functional movement and dribbling factors are related to competitive anxiety and sportconfidence of college footballers. follow-up studies are needed to verify the mechanism of the relationship between physical, skill-related physical fitness, skills, and psychological factors.
{"title":"Exploring the Relationship between Functional Movement, Skill-related Physical Fitness, Skill Performance, Competitive Anxiety, and Sport-confidence in College Footballers","authors":"Dojin An, Namsu Kim","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.32","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among functional movement, skillrelated physical fitness, skill performance, competitive anxiety, and sport-confidence in college footballers.METHODS In this study, 76 college footballers were selected as research participants to investigate their body composition factors and general characteristics, and their functional movement, quickness, speed, agility, dribbling, competitive anxiety, and sport-confidence were measured. For analysis of study results, descriptive statistics, and Pearson’s product-moment coefficients of correlation were used. And then, multiple and simple linear regression were conducted to verify the influence of psychological, functional movement, skill-related physical fitness, and skill performance factors.RESULTS As a results of the analysis, correlation between functional movement factors, cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and state sport-confidence were significant considerably. In addition, deep squat, rotary stability, and shoulder mobility among the FMS sub-factors were found to have a significant effect on cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, state sport-confidence, and trait sport-confidence. Also, dribbling factor was found to have a significant effect on cognitive anxiety.CONCLUSIONS Functional movement and dribbling factors are related to competitive anxiety and sportconfidence of college footballers. follow-up studies are needed to verify the mechanism of the relationship between physical, skill-related physical fitness, skills, and psychological factors.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.60
Young Jun Kim, Moon Young Choi, Gi Chul Ha
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to determine whether suspension training can be an effective intervention in improving functional movement in healthy adult men.METHODS The recruited subjects of Twenty healthy adult men without musculoskeletal diseases were divided into group that performed TRX exercise (n=10) and a group that performed traditional OKC exercise using a resistance machine (n=10). The variables were the deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, leg raise, push-up, and rotational stability after an 8-week exercise program. The total score of the 7 movements was calculated to compare and analyze the before-and-after changes in FMS score. All the data obtained in this study were analyzed with SPSS package (ver 21.0). To examine the effects of the suspension training program used in this study, Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to compare the effects before and after the participation in the program.RESULTS The research results are as follows; The results of the FMS evaluation scores showed no significant differences between the TRX group and the OKC group in the deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, leg raise, and push-up evaluations, and no interaction effect was found. However, the rotational stability evaluation score showed higher scores in the TRX group after training, showing a significant interaction effect (p<.001). The change in total evaluation score also significantly increased in the TRX group (p<.05), but there was no significant difference in the OKC group.CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, rotational stability and total evaluation scores increased after training in the TRX group. In particular, TRX training using suspension may be more effective than traditional forms of training using resistance exercise equipment for people who have instability in the multi-plane stability of the pelvis, core, and shoulder girdle, which are involved in rotational stability.
{"title":"Effects of Suspension Training on Core Stability and Functional Movement Screen Scores in Healthy Adult Men","authors":"Young Jun Kim, Moon Young Choi, Gi Chul Ha","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.60","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to determine whether suspension training can be an effective intervention in improving functional movement in healthy adult men.METHODS The recruited subjects of Twenty healthy adult men without musculoskeletal diseases were divided into group that performed TRX exercise (n=10) and a group that performed traditional OKC exercise using a resistance machine (n=10). The variables were the deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, leg raise, push-up, and rotational stability after an 8-week exercise program. The total score of the 7 movements was calculated to compare and analyze the before-and-after changes in FMS score. All the data obtained in this study were analyzed with SPSS package (ver 21.0). To examine the effects of the suspension training program used in this study, Repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to compare the effects before and after the participation in the program.RESULTS The research results are as follows; The results of the FMS evaluation scores showed no significant differences between the TRX group and the OKC group in the deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, leg raise, and push-up evaluations, and no interaction effect was found. However, the rotational stability evaluation score showed higher scores in the TRX group after training, showing a significant interaction effect (p<.001). The change in total evaluation score also significantly increased in the TRX group (p<.05), but there was no significant difference in the OKC group.CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, rotational stability and total evaluation scores increased after training in the TRX group. In particular, TRX training using suspension may be more effective than traditional forms of training using resistance exercise equipment for people who have instability in the multi-plane stability of the pelvis, core, and shoulder girdle, which are involved in rotational stability.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.50
Sung-Tae Park
OBJECTIVES This study aims to summarize previous studies on the relationship between regular physical activity and the immune system in the elderly, and discuss optimal exercise modes to maintain immunity in preparation for novel infectious diseases that may continue to appear.METHODS This study referred to the academic papers based on the electronic database, and they were searched using the following keywords: physical activity, immunity, elderly, and COVID-19.RESULTS The elderly are more vulnerable to infectious disease such as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than other age groups because of lower physiological function and immune surveillance, consequently leading to higher severity of and mortality. Many studies on physical activity and immunity have confirmed that regular physical activity enhances immunity in the elderly population. Physical activity can delay immunosenescence and increase immune resilience by maintaining the function of the innate and acquired immune systems. Because the elderly have low physical fitness, physiological function, and immunity, exercise prescription for the elderly must be approached very carefully and in detail, considering various exercise modes such as exercise intensity and amount. As confirmed in previous studies, homebased light physical activity is a convenient, safe, and effective strategy for the health of the elderly.CONCLUSIONS In this study, balance training using body-weight is a good method of home-based physical activity for the elderly, because it not only improves immunity by increasing physical fitness but also prevents frequent falls by increasing the balance ability of the lower extremities. Future studies should be conducted on various exercise modes and optimal exercise training to improve immunity in the elderly.
{"title":"Physical Activity and Immunity in the Elderly for the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A Literature Review","authors":"Sung-Tae Park","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.50","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES This study aims to summarize previous studies on the relationship between regular physical activity and the immune system in the elderly, and discuss optimal exercise modes to maintain immunity in preparation for novel infectious diseases that may continue to appear.METHODS This study referred to the academic papers based on the electronic database, and they were searched using the following keywords: physical activity, immunity, elderly, and COVID-19.RESULTS The elderly are more vulnerable to infectious disease such as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than other age groups because of lower physiological function and immune surveillance, consequently leading to higher severity of and mortality. Many studies on physical activity and immunity have confirmed that regular physical activity enhances immunity in the elderly population. Physical activity can delay immunosenescence and increase immune resilience by maintaining the function of the innate and acquired immune systems. Because the elderly have low physical fitness, physiological function, and immunity, exercise prescription for the elderly must be approached very carefully and in detail, considering various exercise modes such as exercise intensity and amount. As confirmed in previous studies, homebased light physical activity is a convenient, safe, and effective strategy for the health of the elderly.CONCLUSIONS In this study, balance training using body-weight is a good method of home-based physical activity for the elderly, because it not only improves immunity by increasing physical fitness but also prevents frequent falls by increasing the balance ability of the lower extremities. Future studies should be conducted on various exercise modes and optimal exercise training to improve immunity in the elderly.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135809231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.68
Ye-Ji Kim, Kun-Ho Lee
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of differences in muscle function training of Taekwondo sparring athletes on body composition, basic physical fitness, isokinetic muscle function, and electronic hogu hitting ability, and to present basic data for a training program for Taekwondo sparring athletes.METHODS This study randomly sampled 25(M: 20, F: 5) Taekwondo sparring athletes. The sampled subjects were divided into a weight training group (n=8), a plyometric training(plyometric) group (n=8), and a control group (n=9) and trained for 60 minutes, 5 times a week, for 12 weeks. Body composition, basic physical fitness, isokinetic muscle function, and electronic hogu hitting ability were evaluated before and after training. Statistical tests of RM Two-way ANOVA were conducted to verify the interaction between groups and times, main effects of times, and main effects between groups according to 12 weeks of training. Post-hoc was conducted using paired-T test(times) and One-way ANOVA test(groups).RESULTS Taekwondo sparring athletes showed positive changes in body composition(weight, BMI, Lean body mass, % body fat, WHR), basic physical fitness(muscle endurance, flexibility), isokinetic muscle function(knee endurance, low back strength), and electronic hogu hitting ability(round house kick, Turning back kick, number of hit) after participating in weight training for 12 weeks (All p<.05). Additionally, positive changes were observed in flexibility and electronic hogu hitting ability(Turning back kick) after participating in plyometric training for 12 weeks (All p<.05).CONCLUSIONS Weight training for 12 weeks in Taekwondo sparring athletes results in positive changes in body composition, increased flexibility and muscular endurance, increases in knee isokinetic muscular endurance and low back isokinetic strength, and improvement in overall electronic hogu hitting ability. Plyometrics for 12 weeks result in increased flexibility and increased electronic hogu hitting ability for back kick. Weight training shows greater improvement in strength and kick endurance than plyometrics.
{"title":"Effects of 12 Weeks Weight Training and Plyometric Training on Body Composition, Physical Fitness and Electronic Hogu Hitting Ability in Taekwondo Sparring Athletes","authors":"Ye-Ji Kim, Kun-Ho Lee","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.68","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of differences in muscle function training of Taekwondo sparring athletes on body composition, basic physical fitness, isokinetic muscle function, and electronic hogu hitting ability, and to present basic data for a training program for Taekwondo sparring athletes.METHODS This study randomly sampled 25(M: 20, F: 5) Taekwondo sparring athletes. The sampled subjects were divided into a weight training group (n=8), a plyometric training(plyometric) group (n=8), and a control group (n=9) and trained for 60 minutes, 5 times a week, for 12 weeks. Body composition, basic physical fitness, isokinetic muscle function, and electronic hogu hitting ability were evaluated before and after training. Statistical tests of RM Two-way ANOVA were conducted to verify the interaction between groups and times, main effects of times, and main effects between groups according to 12 weeks of training. Post-hoc was conducted using paired-T test(times) and One-way ANOVA test(groups).RESULTS Taekwondo sparring athletes showed positive changes in body composition(weight, BMI, Lean body mass, % body fat, WHR), basic physical fitness(muscle endurance, flexibility), isokinetic muscle function(knee endurance, low back strength), and electronic hogu hitting ability(round house kick, Turning back kick, number of hit) after participating in weight training for 12 weeks (All <i>p</i><.05). Additionally, positive changes were observed in flexibility and electronic hogu hitting ability(Turning back kick) after participating in plyometric training for 12 weeks (All <i>p</i><.05).CONCLUSIONS Weight training for 12 weeks in Taekwondo sparring athletes results in positive changes in body composition, increased flexibility and muscular endurance, increases in knee isokinetic muscular endurance and low back isokinetic strength, and improvement in overall electronic hogu hitting ability. Plyometrics for 12 weeks result in increased flexibility and increased electronic hogu hitting ability for back kick. Weight training shows greater improvement in strength and kick endurance than plyometrics.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.41
Gwan-hyung Lee, Kwang-Jin Lee, Keun-Ok An
OBJECTIVES This study purposed to investigate the effects of an 8-week intervention of loaded plyometric training on physical fitness, lower limb isokinetic muscle function, and dynamic balance in healthy adults.METHODS The participants were 12 undergraduate students at K University in Chungcheong-do, South Korea, who had no experience of injury in the past year and who showed ≥250 peak torque/body weight(%) in the test of lower limb isokinetic muscle function. At pre-test and post-test, an identical set of tests was conducted to assess the physical fitness, lower limb isokinetic muscle function, and dynamic balance.RESULTS After exercise intervention, Loaded plyometric training group(LPTG) had significant differences in sit-ups, standing long jump, T agility test, extensor muscle strength-right(EMS-R), flexor muscle strengthright( FMS-R), extensor muscle power-left(EMP-L), flexor muscle power-left(FMP-L), flexor muscle powerright( FMP-R) and anterior-left(AN-L). Unloaded plyometric training gruop(UPTG) had significant differences in standing long jump, T agility test, EMS-R, EMP-L, and posterolateral-right(PL-R). Between the two groups, there were significant differences in standing long jump, extensor muscle strength-left(EMS-L), and EMP-L.CONCLUSIONS Thus, compared to the UPTG, the LPTG has been shown to exert a stronger effect on thestanding long jump, muscle strength, and muscle power, and it is predicted to be a more effective methodof exercise.
{"title":"Effect of Loaded Plyometric Training on Physical Fitness, Lower Extremity Isokinetic Muscle Function and Dynamic Balance","authors":"Gwan-hyung Lee, Kwang-Jin Lee, Keun-Ok An","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2023.25.4.41","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES This study purposed to investigate the effects of an 8-week intervention of loaded plyometric training on physical fitness, lower limb isokinetic muscle function, and dynamic balance in healthy adults.METHODS The participants were 12 undergraduate students at K University in Chungcheong-do, South Korea, who had no experience of injury in the past year and who showed ≥250 peak torque/body weight(%) in the test of lower limb isokinetic muscle function. At pre-test and post-test, an identical set of tests was conducted to assess the physical fitness, lower limb isokinetic muscle function, and dynamic balance.RESULTS After exercise intervention, Loaded plyometric training group(LPTG) had significant differences in sit-ups, standing long jump, T agility test, extensor muscle strength-right(EMS-R), flexor muscle strengthright( FMS-R), extensor muscle power-left(EMP-L), flexor muscle power-left(FMP-L), flexor muscle powerright( FMP-R) and anterior-left(AN-L). Unloaded plyometric training gruop(UPTG) had significant differences in standing long jump, T agility test, EMS-R, EMP-L, and posterolateral-right(PL-R). Between the two groups, there were significant differences in standing long jump, extensor muscle strength-left(EMS-L), and EMP-L.CONCLUSIONS Thus, compared to the UPTG, the LPTG has been shown to exert a stronger effect on thestanding long jump, muscle strength, and muscle power, and it is predicted to be a more effective methodof exercise.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135808460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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