Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2022.24.3.39
Mi-Young Lee, Yoonjung Park, Dong‐il Seo
BACKGROUND Long-term postural imbalances can promote the development of diseases such as scoliosis or pain in the neck, shoulders, arms, and lumbar spine. Yoga combines exercises that target muscular strength and flexibility, suggesting that it can aid in attenuating structural and postural imbalances without the need for invasive procedures. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a 16-week yoga program on Cobb’s angle and other postural indicators in patients with scoliosis.METHODS Ten middle-aged women living in South Korea who were judged to have scoliosis based on the results of posture tests participated in a 16-week yoga program.It consisted of two 70-min sessions per week during weeks 1–4, two 80-min sessions per week during weeks 5–9, and two 90-min sessions per week during weeks 10–16. The heights of the ilium and ischium were measured to check for pelvic imbalances. Shoulder height and Cobb’s angle in the spine were also assessed on radiography both before and after the intervention.RESULTS Following the 16-week program, Cobb’s angle had significantly decreased from 10.50±4.26 to 7.05±3.37 (p<0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences between pre- and postintervention shoulder height (pre: 2.85±1.76 mm; post: 1.58±0.99 mm;p=0.124). In contrast, iliac height had decreased from 2.62±1.33 mm to 1.78±0.80 mm (p=0.048), and ischial height had decreased from 1.72±0.92 mm to 1.17±0.80 mm (p=0.043), and both differences were significant.CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that regular participation in yoga is effective for maintaining or improving postural indicatorsand attenuating imbalances in middle-aged women with scoliosis.
背景:长期的体位失衡可促进诸如脊柱侧凸或颈、肩、臂和腰椎疼痛等疾病的发展。瑜伽结合了针对肌肉力量和灵活性的锻炼，表明它可以帮助减轻结构和姿势的不平衡，而不需要侵入性的手术。本研究旨在探讨为期16周的瑜伽课程对脊柱侧凸患者的科布角和其他姿势指标的影响。方法:根据姿势测试结果判定为脊柱侧凸的10名韩国中年妇女参加了一个为期16周的瑜伽项目。它包括在第1-4周每周两次70分钟的训练，在第5-9周每周两次80分钟的训练，在第10-16周每周两次90分钟的训练。测量髂骨和坐骨高度以检查骨盆失衡。干预前后的肩高和脊柱Cobb角也通过x线片进行评估。结果16周后，Cobb角由10.50±4.26降低至7.05±3.37 (p<0.001)。然而，干预前后肩高差异无统计学意义(干预前:2.85±1.76 mm;后置:1.58±0.99 mm;p=0.124)。相比之下，髂骨高度从2.62±1.33 mm下降到1.78±0.80 mm (p=0.048)，坐骨高度从1.72±0.92 mm下降到1.17±0.80 mm (p=0.043)，两者差异均有统计学意义。结论:这些结果表明，定期参加瑜伽对维持或改善脊柱侧凸中年妇女的姿势指标和减轻不平衡是有效的。
{"title":"Effect of a 16-Week Yoga Program on Cobb’s Angle in Female Patients with Scoliosis","authors":"Mi-Young Lee, Yoonjung Park, Dong‐il Seo","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2022.24.3.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2022.24.3.39","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Long-term postural imbalances can promote the development of diseases such as scoliosis or pain in the neck, shoulders, arms, and lumbar spine. Yoga combines exercises that target muscular strength and flexibility, suggesting that it can aid in attenuating structural and postural imbalances without the need for invasive procedures. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a 16-week yoga program on Cobb’s angle and other postural indicators in patients with scoliosis.METHODS Ten middle-aged women living in South Korea who were judged to have scoliosis based on the results of posture tests participated in a 16-week yoga program.It consisted of two 70-min sessions per week during weeks 1–4, two 80-min sessions per week during weeks 5–9, and two 90-min sessions per week during weeks 10–16. The heights of the ilium and ischium were measured to check for pelvic imbalances. Shoulder height and Cobb’s angle in the spine were also assessed on radiography both before and after the intervention.RESULTS Following the 16-week program, Cobb’s angle had significantly decreased from 10.50±4.26 to 7.05±3.37 (p<0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences between pre- and postintervention shoulder height (pre: 2.85±1.76 mm; post: 1.58±0.99 mm;p=0.124). In contrast, iliac height had decreased from 2.62±1.33 mm to 1.78±0.80 mm (p=0.048), and ischial height had decreased from 1.72±0.92 mm to 1.17±0.80 mm (p=0.043), and both differences were significant.CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that regular participation in yoga is effective for maintaining or improving postural indicatorsand attenuating imbalances in middle-aged women with scoliosis.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85233885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-31DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2022.24.3.31
Ji-Been Kim, Kyung-Tea Kim, Young-Seuk Cho, Dong‐il Seo, Wook Song, Han-joon Lee, H. Kang, Chung-Gun Lee, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Jung-Jun Park
OBJECTIVES The Candidate Physical Ability Capability Test (CPAT) is a complex performance test to assess whether firefighters have sufficient ability to meet the physical demands of firefighting, and is widely used in many countries, especially in North America. In South Korea, however, simple basic physical fitness assessments are still used for firefighters’ fitness evaluation. Here, we report the physical fitness of Korean firefighters using the CPAT for the first time in Korea.METHODS Eighteen male Korean firefighters aged between 20 to 30 years participated in this study. All subjects were measured for maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) by using gas analyzer and cycle ergometer before CPAT. On a separate day, each subject performed CPAT with the best effort. Each subject’s oxygen consumption (VO₂), heart rate (HR) and completion time were measured during the CPAT. The results of CPAT were analyzed based on VO2max and HRmax and compared to the those of previous study from North American firefighter candidates.RESULTS VO2max was significantly (p< .001) lower and HRmax was significantly (p< .05) higher in Korean firefighters (45.4±4.6 ml/kg/min and 194.2±2.1 beat/min) than American firefighter candidates (53.0±7.4 ml/kg/min and 188.0±8.0 beat/min). During CPAT, Korean firefighters showed 69.4±15.8 %VO2max and 87.6±7.8 %HRmax and American firefighter candidates had 73.1±8.0 %VO2max and 90.1±5.3 %HRmax, but these were not statistically significant. However, the completed time of CPAT was significantly slower in Korean firefighters than American firefighter candidates (726.8±84.6 sec vs. 512.0±51.0 sec, p<.001).CONCLUSIONS Korean firefighters have lower cardiorespiratory endurance capacity and CPAT performance than American firefighter candidates. In addition, Korean firefighters did not complete the CPAT within the pass time limit. It suggests that Korean firefighters need to improve more physical ability for physical demands of firefighting.
{"title":"Evaluation of Korean Firefighters’ Fitness Using Candidate Physical Ability Test: Pilot Study","authors":"Ji-Been Kim, Kyung-Tea Kim, Young-Seuk Cho, Dong‐il Seo, Wook Song, Han-joon Lee, H. Kang, Chung-Gun Lee, Yeon-Soon Ahn, Jung-Jun Park","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2022.24.3.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2022.24.3.31","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES The Candidate Physical Ability Capability Test (CPAT) is a complex performance test to assess whether firefighters have sufficient ability to meet the physical demands of firefighting, and is widely used in many countries, especially in North America. In South Korea, however, simple basic physical fitness assessments are still used for firefighters’ fitness evaluation. Here, we report the physical fitness of Korean firefighters using the CPAT for the first time in Korea.METHODS Eighteen male Korean firefighters aged between 20 to 30 years participated in this study. All subjects were measured for maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) by using gas analyzer and cycle ergometer before CPAT. On a separate day, each subject performed CPAT with the best effort. Each subject’s oxygen consumption (VO₂), heart rate (HR) and completion time were measured during the CPAT. The results of CPAT were analyzed based on VO2max and HRmax and compared to the those of previous study from North American firefighter candidates.RESULTS VO2max was significantly (p< .001) lower and HRmax was significantly (p< .05) higher in Korean firefighters (45.4±4.6 ml/kg/min and 194.2±2.1 beat/min) than American firefighter candidates (53.0±7.4 ml/kg/min and 188.0±8.0 beat/min). During CPAT, Korean firefighters showed 69.4±15.8 %VO2max and 87.6±7.8 %HRmax and American firefighter candidates had 73.1±8.0 %VO2max and 90.1±5.3 %HRmax, but these were not statistically significant. However, the completed time of CPAT was significantly slower in Korean firefighters than American firefighter candidates (726.8±84.6 sec vs. 512.0±51.0 sec, p<.001).CONCLUSIONS Korean firefighters have lower cardiorespiratory endurance capacity and CPAT performance than American firefighter candidates. In addition, Korean firefighters did not complete the CPAT within the pass time limit. It suggests that Korean firefighters need to improve more physical ability for physical demands of firefighting.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88920951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.29
Min-Ah Kim, Kwang-Jin Lee, K. An
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects of a 24 weeks combined rehabilitation exercise program on the subjective questionnaire, isokinetic muscle function test and dynamic balance test of high tibial osteotomy patients with normal weights and obese individuals.METHODS Sixteen tibial osteotomy patients were recruited in the study. They were divided into two groups(normal weight group[n=8] or obesity weight group[n=8]). A pre-test consisting of subjective questionnaire, isokinetic muscle function test and Y balance test. Using the same test in 12 weeks, 24 weeks after the surgery. All groups completed the rehabilitation exercise program for the duration of 24 weeks.RESULTS The significant interaction was observed between group and time on the involve bilateral flexor strength deficits (p=.045) and the posteromedial reach distance (p=.041).CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a 24 weeks rehabilitation exercise program is needed after high tibial osteotomy in order to restore the same level of activity as before surgery.
{"title":"Effects of 24 Weeks Combined Rehabilitation Exercise Program on Functional Recovery in Obsess High Tibial Osteotomy Patients","authors":"Min-Ah Kim, Kwang-Jin Lee, K. An","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.29","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the effects of a 24 weeks combined rehabilitation exercise program on the subjective questionnaire, isokinetic muscle function test and dynamic balance test of high tibial osteotomy patients with normal weights and obese individuals.METHODS Sixteen tibial osteotomy patients were recruited in the study. They were divided into two groups(normal weight group[n=8] or obesity weight group[n=8]). A pre-test consisting of subjective questionnaire, isokinetic muscle function test and Y balance test. Using the same test in 12 weeks, 24 weeks after the surgery. All groups completed the rehabilitation exercise program for the duration of 24 weeks.RESULTS The significant interaction was observed between group and time on the involve bilateral flexor strength deficits (p=.045) and the posteromedial reach distance (p=.041).CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a 24 weeks rehabilitation exercise program is needed after high tibial osteotomy in order to restore the same level of activity as before surgery.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79554023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.12
T. Jeong, C. Joo
OBJECTIVES The risk of falls increases due to decrease in balance ability in elderly. A safe environment that can prevent slipping in daily life is required to prevent falls. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of socks with non-slip pads on improving foot stability and balance in the elderly.METHODS Sixteen older women aged 67-87years complete tests while wearing non-slip socks and/or normal socks. Measurements were taken for body composition, static and agility/dynamic balance, and self-reported wearing sensation.RESULTS Agility/dynamic balance was higher in the non-slip socks group than that in the normal socks group (p<0.05). The static balances did not differ significantly between the two groups (p>0.05). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of comfort, thermal, wet, tactile, and fit sensations according to the wearing of the socks (p>0.05). Significant higher stability sensation was observed in non-slip socks group than normal socks group (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the use of non-slip socks will help to prevent falls that may occur during indoor or outdoor activities and also improve exercise performance in the elderly.
{"title":"Effect of Non-Slip Socks-Induced Foot Stability on Agility in Healthy Elderly Women","authors":"T. Jeong, C. Joo","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES The risk of falls increases due to decrease in balance ability in elderly. A safe environment that can prevent slipping in daily life is required to prevent falls. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of socks with non-slip pads on improving foot stability and balance in the elderly.METHODS Sixteen older women aged 67-87years complete tests while wearing non-slip socks and/or normal socks. Measurements were taken for body composition, static and agility/dynamic balance, and self-reported wearing sensation.RESULTS Agility/dynamic balance was higher in the non-slip socks group than that in the normal socks group (p<0.05). The static balances did not differ significantly between the two groups (p>0.05). There were no differences between the two groups in terms of comfort, thermal, wet, tactile, and fit sensations according to the wearing of the socks (p>0.05). Significant higher stability sensation was observed in non-slip socks group than normal socks group (p<0.05).CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the use of non-slip socks will help to prevent falls that may occur during indoor or outdoor activities and also improve exercise performance in the elderly.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80656761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.1
Miyakawa Shumpei
{"title":"To Readers, Please Submit Your Articles to AJK","authors":"Miyakawa Shumpei","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85630263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.38
Jihyeon Choi, Kyungwoo Song, Hoon Kim, S. Lee, Jihong Park
OBJECTIVES This study examined the immediate effect of unilateral ankle or knee joint cooling on the low-erextremity kinematics and kinetics during two-legged jumping and landing.METHODS Twenty healthy adults randomly completed three data collection sessions for ankle or knee joint cooling, or control. For each session, participants performed two-legged countermovement jumps and lands. For joint cooling, two ice bags were directly placed to the right side and secured with a compression bandage. A three-dimensional motion analysis system (200 Hz) with two floor-embedded force platforms (2000 Hz) was employed to capture the jumping and landing. The cooling effects on kinematical (flight time, and sagittal plane joint angles) and kinetical (peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), impulse, and sagittal plane joint moments) variables were examined. A mixed-model analysis of variance was performed for each dependent variable (p≤0.0001 for all tests).RESULTS We did not observe any interactions (flight time: F2,95=0.67, p=0.52; joint angles: F2,209≤2.26, p≥0.10; peak vGRF: F2,209≤1.76, p≥0.20; impulse: F2,209≤2.54, p≥0.10; joint moments: F2,209≤4.80, p≥0.01 for all interactions). Regardless of condition and time (side effect), subjects showed a dominant-leg predominant movement strategy. Specifically, the right side showed a greater peak vGRF (2%), and greater ankle (7%), knee (6%), and hip (11%) joint moments, as compared with the left side during jumping. The same movement pattern was observed during landing that there was greater peak vGRF (11%) and impulse (8%), and greater ankle and knee joint moments (15%). Regardless of time and side (condition effect), subjects with ankle joint cooling showed 5% lesser ankle joint moment during jumping, compared with those who received knee joint cooling (p=0.0001).CONCLUSIONS A 20-min of unilateral ankle or knee joint cooling seems to neither alter vertical jump height nor change movement biomechanics during two-legged jumping and landing.
{"title":"Effects of Unilateral Lower-extremity Joint Cooling on Movement Biomechanics during Two-legged Jumping and Landing","authors":"Jihyeon Choi, Kyungwoo Song, Hoon Kim, S. Lee, Jihong Park","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.38","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES This study examined the immediate effect of unilateral ankle or knee joint cooling on the low-erextremity kinematics and kinetics during two-legged jumping and landing.METHODS Twenty healthy adults randomly completed three data collection sessions for ankle or knee joint cooling, or control. For each session, participants performed two-legged countermovement jumps and lands. For joint cooling, two ice bags were directly placed to the right side and secured with a compression bandage. A three-dimensional motion analysis system (200 Hz) with two floor-embedded force platforms (2000 Hz) was employed to capture the jumping and landing. The cooling effects on kinematical (flight time, and sagittal plane joint angles) and kinetical (peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), impulse, and sagittal plane joint moments) variables were examined. A mixed-model analysis of variance was performed for each dependent variable (p≤0.0001 for all tests).RESULTS We did not observe any interactions (flight time: F2,95=0.67, p=0.52; joint angles: F2,209≤2.26, p≥0.10; peak vGRF: F2,209≤1.76, p≥0.20; impulse: F2,209≤2.54, p≥0.10; joint moments: F2,209≤4.80, p≥0.01 for all interactions). Regardless of condition and time (side effect), subjects showed a dominant-leg predominant movement strategy. Specifically, the right side showed a greater peak vGRF (2%), and greater ankle (7%), knee (6%), and hip (11%) joint moments, as compared with the left side during jumping. The same movement pattern was observed during landing that there was greater peak vGRF (11%) and impulse (8%), and greater ankle and knee joint moments (15%). Regardless of time and side (condition effect), subjects with ankle joint cooling showed 5% lesser ankle joint moment during jumping, compared with those who received knee joint cooling (p=0.0001).CONCLUSIONS A 20-min of unilateral ankle or knee joint cooling seems to neither alter vertical jump height nor change movement biomechanics during two-legged jumping and landing.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86082447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.2
So-Young Ahn, Yunho Sung, J. Bae, Byunggul Lim, Wook Song
OBJECTIVES Firefighter (FF) is an occupation which needs high fitness abilities. However, most of Korean FFs in the capital city have relatively low fitness levels and they have difficulty participating in exercises owing to their emergency environments. Kinect-based mixed reality device (KMR) is a device that can deliver exercises with live visual feedbacks by detecting motions at any time while needing few human resources. Therefore, KMR could be an adequate tool for FFs to provide exercise. However, there are no studies that identified the reliability and validity. So, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of KMR and the intensity of the fitness program for relatively low-fit FFs.METHODS Using a test-retest design, five male participants underwent three trials with 1wk washouts. The participants underwent 1 screening and 2 workout sessions. The fitness program using KMR last approximately 25 min. Intensity was measured using the heart rate (HR), rated perceived exertion (RPE), and finger-tip lactate. HR and RPE were measured before, during, and after the exercise using the Polar watch and Borg scale. Finger-tip lactate were measured before and after the exercise using Lactate Pro2. Cronbach alpha and Pearson correlation were determined for reliability and validity based on the HR and RPE.RESULTS Excellent reliability (Cronbach alpha: 0.967, 0.969) and strong correlation (r = .525 – .814, .718 – .958; very large) were observed with regard to the HR and RPE. Additionally, HR, RPE, and post-workout lactate showed a moderate-to-high intensity response in exercise program. Conclusions: The results suggest that KMR is a reliable and validate device to provide fitness programs and the fitness program designed for relatively low-fit FFs showed a “moderate-to-high” intensity response, which is an adequate physiological response for relatively low-fit Korean FFs.
{"title":"Reliability and Validity of the Kinect-Based Mixed Reality Device: Pilot Study","authors":"So-Young Ahn, Yunho Sung, J. Bae, Byunggul Lim, Wook Song","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES Firefighter (FF) is an occupation which needs high fitness abilities. However, most of Korean FFs in the capital city have relatively low fitness levels and they have difficulty participating in exercises owing to their emergency environments. Kinect-based mixed reality device (KMR) is a device that can deliver exercises with live visual feedbacks by detecting motions at any time while needing few human resources. Therefore, KMR could be an adequate tool for FFs to provide exercise. However, there are no studies that identified the reliability and validity. So, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of KMR and the intensity of the fitness program for relatively low-fit FFs.METHODS Using a test-retest design, five male participants underwent three trials with 1wk washouts. The participants underwent 1 screening and 2 workout sessions. The fitness program using KMR last approximately 25 min. Intensity was measured using the heart rate (HR), rated perceived exertion (RPE), and finger-tip lactate. HR and RPE were measured before, during, and after the exercise using the Polar watch and Borg scale. Finger-tip lactate were measured before and after the exercise using Lactate Pro2. Cronbach alpha and Pearson correlation were determined for reliability and validity based on the HR and RPE.RESULTS Excellent reliability (Cronbach alpha: 0.967, 0.969) and strong correlation (r = .525 – .814, .718 – .958; very large) were observed with regard to the HR and RPE. Additionally, HR, RPE, and post-workout lactate showed a moderate-to-high intensity response in exercise program. Conclusions: The results suggest that KMR is a reliable and validate device to provide fitness programs and the fitness program designed for relatively low-fit FFs showed a “moderate-to-high” intensity response, which is an adequate physiological response for relatively low-fit Korean FFs.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86292413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.19
Won-ho Choi, Jung-No Lee
OBJECTIVES This study examined the effects of clubbell exercises in a pitcher training program on the range of motion (ROM), muscle function, and its subsequent influence on pitching velocity. Additionally, this study aimed to develop an optimal training program to prevent injury while improving pitcher performance.METHODS Eighteen pitchers were included and equally divided into clubbell exercise and control groups. Clubbell training was conducted through 60-minute sessions twice a week for 12 weeks. Internal/external rotational (IR/ER) ROM, IR/ER muscle strength, muscle endurance, muscle power, and pitching velocity were measured before and after the intervention.RESULTS The IR (p = 0.051) and total ROM (TROM; p = 0.05) of the throwing arm decreased in the control group but increased in the clubbell exercise group, with an observed tendency of interaction. In the non-throwing arm, the ER ROM was significantly different between the two groups (p <0 .05), also with an observed tendency of interaction (p = 0.055). IR peak torque per body weight at 60°/sec significantly increased in both groups over the exercise period (p < 0.01). Total work per body weight and average power of IR at 180°/sec increased in both groups over the exercise period (p < 0.01). The pitching velocity decreased in both groups throughout the exercise period (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS Although 12 weeks of clubbell training had limited effects on ROM, the findings revealed that this exercise could be effective in improving pitching performance, preventing injuries, and maintaining long-term performance. Further studies are recommended for a more detailed assessment.
{"title":"Effect of Clubbell Training on Glenohumeral Internal and External Rotation, Muscle Function, and Ball Velocity in Baseball Pitchers","authors":"Won-ho Choi, Jung-No Lee","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES This study examined the effects of clubbell exercises in a pitcher training program on the range of motion (ROM), muscle function, and its subsequent influence on pitching velocity. Additionally, this study aimed to develop an optimal training program to prevent injury while improving pitcher performance.METHODS Eighteen pitchers were included and equally divided into clubbell exercise and control groups. Clubbell training was conducted through 60-minute sessions twice a week for 12 weeks. Internal/external rotational (IR/ER) ROM, IR/ER muscle strength, muscle endurance, muscle power, and pitching velocity were measured before and after the intervention.RESULTS The IR (p = 0.051) and total ROM (TROM; p = 0.05) of the throwing arm decreased in the control group but increased in the clubbell exercise group, with an observed tendency of interaction. In the non-throwing arm, the ER ROM was significantly different between the two groups (p <0 .05), also with an observed tendency of interaction (p = 0.055). IR peak torque per body weight at 60°/sec significantly increased in both groups over the exercise period (p < 0.01). Total work per body weight and average power of IR at 180°/sec increased in both groups over the exercise period (p < 0.01). The pitching velocity decreased in both groups throughout the exercise period (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS Although 12 weeks of clubbell training had limited effects on ROM, the findings revealed that this exercise could be effective in improving pitching performance, preventing injuries, and maintaining long-term performance. Further studies are recommended for a more detailed assessment.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85787530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.49
S. Park
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate downhill running exercise on glucose tolerance and skeletal muscle phospho-AMP activated protein kinase(P-AMPK) expression in type Ⅱ diabetes rats.METHODS 8-week-old, 24 wistar & GK rats (type Ⅱ diabetes model) were randomly divided into 4 groups, NR, NE, DR, DE. Downhill running treatment were performed on the treadmill at the -16 % and speed of 16m/min for 1 hour. All groups were done with Oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and after 1 week washout period, rats in exercise groups performed downhill running. After exercise treatment, soleus muscle of rats were extracted for test of P-AMPK expression.RESULTS In OGTT, blood glucose levels in all groups were increased after the oral glucose load and these were significantly differ from rest level. But in DE group, blood glucose level at 120 min after OGTT was not significantly differ from rest level. In immunoblotting test for P-AMPK expression of skeletal muscle, NE group was significantly higher than NR group and DE group was significantly higher than other groups.CONCLUSIONS Downhill running exercise improved glucose tolerance and increased P-AMPK expression of skeletal muscle in type Ⅱ diabetes rats.
{"title":"Effects of Downhill Running Exercise on Glucose Tolerance and Skeletal Muscle P-AMPK Expression in Type II Diabetes Rats","authors":"S. Park","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2022.24.2.49","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate downhill running exercise on glucose tolerance and skeletal muscle phospho-AMP activated protein kinase(P-AMPK) expression in type Ⅱ diabetes rats.METHODS 8-week-old, 24 wistar & GK rats (type Ⅱ diabetes model) were randomly divided into 4 groups, NR, NE, DR, DE. Downhill running treatment were performed on the treadmill at the -16 % and speed of 16m/min for 1 hour. All groups were done with Oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) and after 1 week washout period, rats in exercise groups performed downhill running. After exercise treatment, soleus muscle of rats were extracted for test of P-AMPK expression.RESULTS In OGTT, blood glucose levels in all groups were increased after the oral glucose load and these were significantly differ from rest level. But in DE group, blood glucose level at 120 min after OGTT was not significantly differ from rest level. In immunoblotting test for P-AMPK expression of skeletal muscle, NE group was significantly higher than NR group and DE group was significantly higher than other groups.CONCLUSIONS Downhill running exercise improved glucose tolerance and increased P-AMPK expression of skeletal muscle in type Ⅱ diabetes rats.","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75537420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2022.24.1.1
Jungho Kim
{"title":"Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Jungho Kim","doi":"10.15758/ajk.2022.24.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15758/ajk.2022.24.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22264,"journal":{"name":"The Asian Journal of Kinesiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87768192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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