Objective: In this study, we intended to assess the prevalence of suicidal behaviors and their associated factors among Nigerian young adults. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 1171 Nigerian young adults from the six geopolitical regions of Nigeria. They completed a study-specific sociodemographic questionnaire, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, 10-item Drug Abuse Screening Test, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of the respondents was 24.92 ± 2.42 years. The lifetime suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt were 9.6%, 5.7%, and 2.6%, respectively. Of them, 7.1% had the 12-month suicidal ideation, and 4.8% were at risk of suicide attempt. Totally, 9.6% of the respondents had high suicide risk. The symptoms of depression and anxiety were present in 13.5% and 23.1% of the respondents, respectively. Suicidal behaviors among Nigerian young adults were significantly associated with dissatisfaction with life (p < 0.05), anxiety (p < 0.001), drug abuse (p < 0.001), and low self-esteem (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Suicidal behaviors were relatively high among Nigerian young adults, and were associated with dissatisfaction with life, anxiety, psychoactive substance use, and low self-esteem.
{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal behaviors in a cross-sectional sample of Nigerian young adults","authors":"Opakunle Tolulope, Opakunle Olubukola, A. Olutayo","doi":"10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_24_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_24_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In this study, we intended to assess the prevalence of suicidal behaviors and their associated factors among Nigerian young adults. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 1171 Nigerian young adults from the six geopolitical regions of Nigeria. They completed a study-specific sociodemographic questionnaire, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, 10-item Drug Abuse Screening Test, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of the respondents was 24.92 ± 2.42 years. The lifetime suicidal ideation, plan, and attempt were 9.6%, 5.7%, and 2.6%, respectively. Of them, 7.1% had the 12-month suicidal ideation, and 4.8% were at risk of suicide attempt. Totally, 9.6% of the respondents had high suicide risk. The symptoms of depression and anxiety were present in 13.5% and 23.1% of the respondents, respectively. Suicidal behaviors among Nigerian young adults were significantly associated with dissatisfaction with life (p < 0.05), anxiety (p < 0.001), drug abuse (p < 0.001), and low self-esteem (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Suicidal behaviors were relatively high among Nigerian young adults, and were associated with dissatisfaction with life, anxiety, psychoactive substance use, and low self-esteem.","PeriodicalId":22278,"journal":{"name":"Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88825303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Paliperidone-induced dose-dependent sialorrhea treated with biperiden: A case report","authors":"Ji Lin, Pei Wu","doi":"10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_29_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_29_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22278,"journal":{"name":"Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85207639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by reduced social engagement, abnormal emotional expression, and a lack of motivation. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) are a novel proteomic technique. In this study, we intended to identify potential biomarkers for predicting clozapine treatment response using iTRAQ. Methods: We identified patients with schizophrenia that responded to a four-week treatment with clozapine. Patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected before and after treatment. iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis was done to identify differentially expressed proteins in PBMC before and after treatment. STRING analysis map was built, and a target protein was selected. Western blot validation was then done. Results: In 10 identified clozapine treatment-responsive patients, we screened 2,735 proteins. Nine downregulated proteins and 11 upregulated proteins were differentially expressed by 1.5-fold after clozapine treatment. STRING network analysis revealed a series of apolipoproteins, and only apolipoprotein A4 (APOA-IV) was selected for validation. Western blot validations showed that protein levels of APOA-IV were significantly most downregulated in the patient after clozapine treatment (p = 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, we integrated clinical observation data, bioinformational protein interaction analysis, and iTRAQ labeling to study proteomics in patients with schizophrenia successfully treated with clozapine. We suggest that APOA-IV protein can be a biomarker for predicting clozapine treatment response in patients with schizophrenia. But these results in this study need a larger sample size to be validated.
{"title":"Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation in identifying proteins for clozapine treatment response in patients with schizophrenia: A preliminary study","authors":"Chin-Chuen Lin, H. Su, J. Shiea, Tiao-Lai Huang","doi":"10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_27_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_27_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by reduced social engagement, abnormal emotional expression, and a lack of motivation. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) are a novel proteomic technique. In this study, we intended to identify potential biomarkers for predicting clozapine treatment response using iTRAQ. Methods: We identified patients with schizophrenia that responded to a four-week treatment with clozapine. Patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected before and after treatment. iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis was done to identify differentially expressed proteins in PBMC before and after treatment. STRING analysis map was built, and a target protein was selected. Western blot validation was then done. Results: In 10 identified clozapine treatment-responsive patients, we screened 2,735 proteins. Nine downregulated proteins and 11 upregulated proteins were differentially expressed by 1.5-fold after clozapine treatment. STRING network analysis revealed a series of apolipoproteins, and only apolipoprotein A4 (APOA-IV) was selected for validation. Western blot validations showed that protein levels of APOA-IV were significantly most downregulated in the patient after clozapine treatment (p = 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, we integrated clinical observation data, bioinformational protein interaction analysis, and iTRAQ labeling to study proteomics in patients with schizophrenia successfully treated with clozapine. We suggest that APOA-IV protein can be a biomarker for predicting clozapine treatment response in patients with schizophrenia. But these results in this study need a larger sample size to be validated.","PeriodicalId":22278,"journal":{"name":"Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81715337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chen's reply on “A comment on risk of teenage pregnancy among adolescents with borderline personality disorder”","authors":"Mu-Hong Chen","doi":"10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_32_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_32_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22278,"journal":{"name":"Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86910690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuo-En Hsu, Lan-Ting Lee, H. Tsai, M. Chi, K. Chen, I. Lee, P. Chen, Yen Kuang Yang
Objective: Few studies have identified a relationship between cognitive deficits and altered event-related potentials (ERPs), which measure the synchronous activity of neurons in response to a stimulus in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In this study, we intended to explore the relation between cognitive function and ERP in patients with GAD. Methods: Fourteen drug-free participants with GAD and 14 healthy controls were recruited. ERPs were measured, and neuropsychological tests were administered. We compared the differences of the data between two groups of the study participants. Results: Poor performances of full IQ and the numbers of the categories completed on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were found significantly correlated with increased frontal lobe latency in the patients with GAD (Spearman's ρ = −0.70, p < 0.05; Spearman's ρ = −0.85, p < 0.01), respectively, but not in the controls. Conclusion: As ERPs represent an index of information speed, we propose that patients with GAD could exhibit deficits in tasks requiring mental speed.
目的:很少有研究确定认知缺陷与事件相关电位(ERPs)改变之间的关系，ERPs测量广泛性焦虑障碍(GAD)患者对刺激反应的神经元同步活动。本研究旨在探讨广泛性焦虑症患者认知功能与ERP的关系。方法:招募14名无药物的广泛性焦虑症患者和14名健康对照者。测量erp，并进行神经心理测试。我们比较了两组研究参与者之间数据的差异。结果:GAD患者的全智商和威斯康辛卡片分类测验的分类数较差与额叶潜伏期增加显著相关(Spearman’s ρ = - 0.70, p < 0.05;Spearman’s ρ = - 0.85, p < 0.01)，而对照组无此差异。结论:由于erp是信息速度的一个指标，我们认为广泛性焦虑症患者可能在需要思维速度的任务中表现出缺陷。
{"title":"Cognitive deficits correlated with increased latency of event-related potentials in drug-free patients with generalized anxiety disorder","authors":"Shuo-En Hsu, Lan-Ting Lee, H. Tsai, M. Chi, K. Chen, I. Lee, P. Chen, Yen Kuang Yang","doi":"10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_28_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_28_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Few studies have identified a relationship between cognitive deficits and altered event-related potentials (ERPs), which measure the synchronous activity of neurons in response to a stimulus in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). In this study, we intended to explore the relation between cognitive function and ERP in patients with GAD. Methods: Fourteen drug-free participants with GAD and 14 healthy controls were recruited. ERPs were measured, and neuropsychological tests were administered. We compared the differences of the data between two groups of the study participants. Results: Poor performances of full IQ and the numbers of the categories completed on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test were found significantly correlated with increased frontal lobe latency in the patients with GAD (Spearman's ρ = −0.70, p < 0.05; Spearman's ρ = −0.85, p < 0.01), respectively, but not in the controls. Conclusion: As ERPs represent an index of information speed, we propose that patients with GAD could exhibit deficits in tasks requiring mental speed.","PeriodicalId":22278,"journal":{"name":"Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79321358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A comment on risk of teenage pregnancy among adolescents with borderline personality disorder: A nationwide longitudinal study","authors":"Pei-Hsin Kao, Fong-Lin Jang","doi":"10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_31_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/TPSY.TPSY_31_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22278,"journal":{"name":"Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75409948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Constipation is a common symptom in schizophrenia population. Patients treated with antipsychotic drugs are more likely to have constipation. In this study, we intended to identify possible associations and risk factors between schizophrenia patients and constipation. Methods: Patients with schizophrenia (n = 240) were recruited. In this cross-sectional study, we collected information of their socio-demographic and clinical details. Their psychotic symptoms were evaluated using clinical interview with positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Results: In this study, the prevalence of constipation was 59.8%. Odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of PANSS average score, 1.018 (1.003–1.034), p < 0.05); OR (95% CI) of using second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) solely, 3.475 (1.201–10.056), p < 0.05); and OR (95% CI) of using anticholinergic drugs, 1.853 (1.024–3.353), p < 0.05) were significantly associated with constipation. Conclusion: The prevalence of constipation is extremely high in this sample. In those patients who had severe psychotic symptoms, prescription of SGAs or anticholinergic agents, the focus should be on early detection, monitoring the constipation side effect, and early intervention.
{"title":"The Prevalence of Constipation and Its Risk Factors in Patients with Schizophrenia","authors":"Chih- Chang, Hsing-Kang Chen","doi":"10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_20_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_20_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Constipation is a common symptom in schizophrenia population. Patients treated with antipsychotic drugs are more likely to have constipation. In this study, we intended to identify possible associations and risk factors between schizophrenia patients and constipation. Methods: Patients with schizophrenia (n = 240) were recruited. In this cross-sectional study, we collected information of their socio-demographic and clinical details. Their psychotic symptoms were evaluated using clinical interview with positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). Results: In this study, the prevalence of constipation was 59.8%. Odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of PANSS average score, 1.018 (1.003–1.034), p < 0.05); OR (95% CI) of using second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) solely, 3.475 (1.201–10.056), p < 0.05); and OR (95% CI) of using anticholinergic drugs, 1.853 (1.024–3.353), p < 0.05) were significantly associated with constipation. Conclusion: The prevalence of constipation is extremely high in this sample. In those patients who had severe psychotic symptoms, prescription of SGAs or anticholinergic agents, the focus should be on early detection, monitoring the constipation side effect, and early intervention.","PeriodicalId":22278,"journal":{"name":"Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79388743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The prevalence of prescriptions of anxiolytics and hypnotics/sedatives for child and adolescent patients with psychiatric illnesses is increasing over the world. No studies exist to focus on the prescription trends and patterns of anxiolytics and hypnotics/sedatives for child and adolescent patients in psychiatric hospitals of Taiwan. Methods: In this retrospective study for all outpatients who were equal or younger than 18 years of age in a psychiatric service, we collected related study variables from the study psychiatric services from 2006 to 2015. Reviewing the electronic medical information system, we extracted both patients' demographic or clinical data (such as sex, age, as well as psychiatric diagnoses), and prescriptions of anxiolytics and hynotics/sedatives. Results: During the study period, the proportion of patients received anxiolytics and hypnotics/sedatives was decreased significantly (from 9.16% in 2006 to 5.85% in 2015, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients received anxiolytics was significantly decreased (from 5.34% in 2006 to 4.54% in 2015, p > 0.05), while hypnotics/sedatives was also decreased significantly (from 5.35% to 2.27%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the use of anxiolytics and hypnotics/sedatives was significantly associated with age (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001), patients' status of catastrophic illnesses (p < 0.001), and diseases (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Anxiolytics and hypnotics/sedatives have the rôles in the treatment of child and adolescent patients with psychiatric Illnesses. Clinicians should be aware of the adverse events of these medications and prescribe them carefully for this population. Certainly, we need more well-designed clinical studies to study the safety and efficacy of anxiolytics and hypnotics/sedatives medications for children and adolescents.
{"title":"Prescription patterns and trends of anxiolytics and hypnotics/sedatives among child and adolescent patients with psychiatric illnesses in a psychiatric center of northern Taiwan","authors":"S. Cheng, Hsiao-Ju Sun, H. Chan","doi":"10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_18_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_18_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The prevalence of prescriptions of anxiolytics and hypnotics/sedatives for child and adolescent patients with psychiatric illnesses is increasing over the world. No studies exist to focus on the prescription trends and patterns of anxiolytics and hypnotics/sedatives for child and adolescent patients in psychiatric hospitals of Taiwan. Methods: In this retrospective study for all outpatients who were equal or younger than 18 years of age in a psychiatric service, we collected related study variables from the study psychiatric services from 2006 to 2015. Reviewing the electronic medical information system, we extracted both patients' demographic or clinical data (such as sex, age, as well as psychiatric diagnoses), and prescriptions of anxiolytics and hynotics/sedatives. Results: During the study period, the proportion of patients received anxiolytics and hypnotics/sedatives was decreased significantly (from 9.16% in 2006 to 5.85% in 2015, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients received anxiolytics was significantly decreased (from 5.34% in 2006 to 4.54% in 2015, p > 0.05), while hypnotics/sedatives was also decreased significantly (from 5.35% to 2.27%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the use of anxiolytics and hypnotics/sedatives was significantly associated with age (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001), patients' status of catastrophic illnesses (p < 0.001), and diseases (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Anxiolytics and hypnotics/sedatives have the rôles in the treatment of child and adolescent patients with psychiatric Illnesses. Clinicians should be aware of the adverse events of these medications and prescribe them carefully for this population. Certainly, we need more well-designed clinical studies to study the safety and efficacy of anxiolytics and hypnotics/sedatives medications for children and adolescents.","PeriodicalId":22278,"journal":{"name":"Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80705929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: In the current study, we intended to examine the association between affective states (depression, stress, and anxiety) and Internet addiction (IA). Methods: The study sample consisted of 291 individuals with the age of 18–40 years. We used an online survey on study participants with the IA Scale (20 items) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of the sample was 23.58 ± 4.40 years. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that depression (p < 0.001) and stress (p < 0.01) significantly contributed to IA. Anxiety did not significantly contribute to IA. Conclusion: This study showed that depression and stress were related to Internet use. This finding implies the need for early identifying depression and stress for giving an appropriate intervention for the individuals with IA.
{"title":"The association between depression or stress and internet addiction","authors":"Akash Vishwakarma, M. Sharma","doi":"10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_19_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_19_21","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: In the current study, we intended to examine the association between affective states (depression, stress, and anxiety) and Internet addiction (IA). Methods: The study sample consisted of 291 individuals with the age of 18–40 years. We used an online survey on study participants with the IA Scale (20 items) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of the sample was 23.58 ± 4.40 years. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that depression (p < 0.001) and stress (p < 0.01) significantly contributed to IA. Anxiety did not significantly contribute to IA. Conclusion: This study showed that depression and stress were related to Internet use. This finding implies the need for early identifying depression and stress for giving an appropriate intervention for the individuals with IA.","PeriodicalId":22278,"journal":{"name":"Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88311939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Using lorazepam-assisted interview to help with narrative exposure therapy in posttraumatic stress disorder: A case report","authors":"Lue-En Lee, Chih-Min Liu","doi":"10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_13_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_13_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22278,"journal":{"name":"Taiwanese Journal of Psychiatry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90164240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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