TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of diversity of plant species affected by phytoplasma of X-disease (16SR-III) group in Russia","authors":"D. Bogoutdinov, N. Girsova, T. Kastalyeva","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-22-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-22-39","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, there is an increase in the harmfulness of plant diseases transmitted by insects, including phytoplasmas. In Russia, phytoplasma diseases have been studied insufficiently. The aim of the study was to monitor phytoplasma diseases in various economic regions of the Russian Federation and determine the taxonomic affiliation of their pathogens. The task of the study was to identify the species composition of plants affected by phytoplasmas belonging to the 16Sr-III group and their potential vectors. Molecular genetic studies were carried out at the All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology (VNIIF) in 2006-2021. Plants with symptoms of phytoplasma infection and leafhoppers collected in the Moscow and Samara regions were the material of the research. The presence of phytoplasma DNA in the samples was determined using sequentially direct and nested PCR with the primer pairs: P1/16S-SR and R16F2n/R16R2, respectively. Phytoplasmas were identified by analyzing restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) after treatment of 1.2 Kb DNA amplicons with restriction endonucleases. In a quarter of the analyzed potato samples and five of the eight surveyed economic regions (Volga, North Caucasian, Ural, Central and West Siberian), phytoplasma of the 16SrIII group was found. Among other solanaseous, phytoplasma of the 16SrIII group was found in pepper and garden petunia, as well as in two species of wild potatoes. In total, the phytoplasma of X-disease was detected in 51 species of plants from 19 families, including Fabaceae (12 species), Asteraceae (10), Rosaceae (6), and Solanaceae (5). In other families, 1–2 plant species infected with this phytoplasma were identified. The phytoplasma of the 16SrIII-B subgroup was most frequently found in plant material. Phytoplasma of the 16SrIII-F subgroup was detected in two plant species: astilbe (Astilbe thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq.) and hybrid clover (Trifolium hybridum L.). In potential vectors (leafhoppers Euscelis incisа Kirschbaum, Sonronius binotatus Sahlberg, Macrosteles laevis Rib. and Psammotettix striatus L.), phytoplasma of the 16SrIII group, including the 16SrIII-O and 16SrIII-P subgroups, was found.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79326325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘GVARDEETS’ – NEW SORGHUM-SUDAN HYBRID","authors":"S. Kapustin, A. Volodin, A. Kapustin","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-75-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-75-83","url":null,"abstract":"Arid conditions in Central Ciscaucasia caused a shortage of green fodder for animal husbandry. In the current circumstances, new sorghum-sudan hybrids creation and introduction into production are of great importance. The aim of the research is twofold: to assess green mass, hay and grain productivity and quality; to determine the main biomorphological characteristics and level of heterosis of the new sorghum-sudan hybrid ‘Gvardeets’. The experiments were carried out in competitive and environmental testing. In the Novgorod Oblast, the new hybrid provided 43.0 t/ha of green mass; the same indicator in the Altai FASC comprised 42.1 t/ha exceeding standard hybrid ‘Navigator’ by 2.6 and 0.9 t/ha, respectively. The data were obtained in a competitive test by methods of field and laboratory experiments, as well as environmental testing in various regions of Russia. On average for 2015–2020, in the conditions of the Stavropol Territory, the new hybrid provided 53.87 t/ha of green and 11.55 t/ha of dry matter exceeding standard hybrid ‘Navigator’ by 5.03 and 1.26 t/ha or 10.3 and 12.2%, respectively. ‘Gvardeets’ is a mid-ripening hybrid. The first mowing can be carried out in the booting phase or at the end of June/first half of July, the second one – in the second half of August. Furthermore, in moderately warm and humid summers, it is possible to obtain the third mowing in late September/early October. The new hybrid ‘Gvardeets’ has a high rate of initial plants growth on the 30th day of vegetation (80 cm), as well as a high content of leaves in the green mass (34.7 %). The content of protein in dry matter is 11.8 %, fat – 1.9 %, fiber – 30.9%, ash – 6.3 %. One kilogram of new combination feed contains 0.67 feed units, 70 g of digestible protein, 31.9 g of sugar, 81.2 mg of carotene. The provision of one feed unit with digestible protein is 123 g. There is 8.59 MJ/kg of exchange energy, which is better than that of the standard hybrid ‘Navigator’. The stems of ‘Gvardeets’ plants have a juicy core; plants are resistant to drought, lodging, pests and diseases. The parental forms of the hybrid (‘Zersta 90C’ x ‘Sputnitsa’) are distinguished by a high combinational ability and provide a level of true heterosis of the yield of green mass in the amount of 20.81 t/ha (62.9%). The new sorghum-sudan hybrid ‘Gvardeets’ has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation since 2021 in the North Caucasus, Lower Volga, Central Black Earth and West Siberian regions.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77488490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY OF VARIETIES AND CULTIVARS OF WHITE LUPINE (LUPINUS ALBUS L.)","authors":"O. Ptashnik","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-155-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-155-163","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the lack of irrigation, the question of replacing soybean with an equivalent crop in the context of nutritional value and adaptation to the weather conditions of Crimea arises. One of such crops can be white lupine (Lupinus albus L.). The purpose of the research was twofold: assess L. albus productivity and crude protein content in grain; identify the most promising varieties and breeding numbers of white lupine under conditions of the steppe Crimea. In 2016-2018, the research was carried out on the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea according to the B.A. Dospekhov methods of field research and methodology of the State variety testing of agricultural crops. We studied the influence of bioclimatic conditions of the steppe Crimea on the growth, development, grain yield formation and protein content of four varieties (‘Michurinsky’, ‘Alyi Parus’ (standard), ‘Dega’ and ‘Desnyansky 2’) and four promising breeding numbers (‘CH-1022-09’, ‘CH-1677-10’, ‘CH-1397-10’ and ‘CH-6-11’). A wide diversity of weather conditions during the years of research made it possible to evaluate the samples in favorable and stressful conditions. In drier years, the growing season lasted 93–97 days because of the reduction in interphase periods; in milder ones it was101 days. The results in grain yield have been mixed: from 0.48 to 1.45 t/ha in 2016; from 0.35 to 0.56 t/ha in 2017; from 0.39 to 0.54 t/ha in 2018. On average, over a three-year study, breeding numbers ‘CH-1022-09’ and ‘CH-1677-10’ were the most productive. Their yield was 0.65 and 0.81 t/ha, respectively. In 2017, crude protein content varied from 24.02 to 28.49%; in 2018 – from 26.05 to 31.1%. On average, over the years of study, the highest protein content was typical for the varieties ‘Alyi Parus’ (29.30%) and ‘Michurinsky’ (29.03%). Breeding numbers ‘CH-1022-09’ and ‘CH-1677-10’ were distinguished by the highest indicators of productivity and yield; in terms of crude protein content, varieties ‘Alyi Parus’ and ‘Michurinsky’ were the best. Consequently, they are the ones that are recommended for cultivation.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90714198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CREATION OF LINUM USITATISSIMUM INITIAL MATERIAL WITH MARKER SIGN – YELLOW-COLORED SEEDS","authors":"V. P. Ponazhev","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-135-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-135-143","url":null,"abstract":"Creation of the initial material of fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) with marker signs is a promising direction of breeding, which determines the efficiency of breeding varieties with improved properties. The purpose of the research was to create initial flax material for obtaining seeds with a marker sign (yellow color) and increased weight. The studies were carried out at the Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops in 2015–2018. In our work, we used flax varieties ‘Smolich’, ‘Antey’, ‘C-108’, as well as forms obtained from these varieties. These varieties were used as control. Nurseries were laid under conditions of a leveled agricultural background. Seeds were sown in a square way (2.5×2.5 cm). The experiments were conducted according to the current methods, including phytopathological testing. Soil – sod-podzolic, medium loamy, cultivated. Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) in 2015 was 1.3; in 2016 – 2.2; in 2017 – 1.8; in 2018 – 1.3. During the flax plants selection, we obtained three forms with yellow-colored seeds. Yellow-seeded form No. 1 was valuable from the breeding point of view. It exceeded standard variety ‘Smolich’ in seed weight by 0.8 mg (16.0%), in seed yield – by 0.06 t/ha (9.8%). Form No. 1 belongs to the improved fiber flax line. Form No. 3 had a higher seed mass (5.6 mg) compared to standard variety ‘C-108’. In terms of seed yield and 1000-seed weight, this form exceeded the standard by 0.08 t/ha or 14.8% and 0.49 g or 10.6%, respectively. Form No. 3 is a breeding material for creating varieties of bilateral use. Form No. 2 had signs of the oil flax line. It exceeded standard variety ‘Antey’ in seed yield by 0.18 t/ha (40%); 1000-seed weight – by 0.53 g (11.2%). The created material has a breeding value. It was transferred to the bioresource collection of flax for its replenishment, to the bank of the characteristic collection and was additionally included in the breeding process.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81883993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN UNDER NON-MOLDBOARD SOIL TILLAGE DEPENDING ON DOSES OF MINERAL FERTILIZERSIN THE CROP ROTATIONS OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION","authors":"V. Lukyanov, L. Nitchenko","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-107-116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-107-116","url":null,"abstract":"In modern agriculture, resource-saving technologies for cultivating grain crops and their optimization are becoming more and more relevant. The use of scientifically-based crop rotations, tillage methods and doses of mineral fertilizers allow increasing economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation. The purpose of the research was to assess the yield and quality of winter wheat grain depending on different doses of mineral fertilizers under non-moldboard soil tillage in the crop rotations of the Central Chernozem Region. The research was carried out in 2012-2020 in a stationary multifactorial field experiment in Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center. The experimental design included the following options: Factor A – crop rotations (grain-fallow-row, grain-grass-row, grain-grass); Factor B – mineral fertilizers (without fertilizers, N20P40K40, N40P80K80 kg ha-1). The soil of the experimental site is represented by typical, medium-loamy chernozem. The paper shows that the yield of winter wheat grain in the context of non-moldboard soil tillage was higher in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation and amounted to 3.34 t ha-1. In the grain-grass-row and grain-grass crop rotations, yield decreased by 6.6 % and 10.2 %, respectively. The maximum grain yield (3.98 t/ha-1) was obtained in grain-fallow-row crop rotation with N40P80K80. An increase in fertilizers doses led to protein and gluten content increment from 12.6 to 13.3 % and from 22.8 to 25.6 %, respectively; however, the differences in crop rotations were within the limits of experimental error. The grain nature varied according to the studied factors from 708 to 735 g/l-1 and was higher in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation with a dose of mineral fertilizers N40P80K80. Despite more significant net income after increased fertilizers dose (N40P80K80), the increase in the winter wheat grain yield did not allow obtaining a higher level of profitability compared to N20P40K40. Winter wheat cultivation in grain-grass-row crop rotation with N20P40K40 was the most cost-effective. In this variant, the cost of grain was the lowest (4.92 thousand rubles t-1); the profitability, on the contrary, was the highest (103.4 %).","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75239147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PRODUCTIVITY OF MICROALGAE CHLORELLA SOROKINIANA WHEN GROWING ON CHICKEN MANURE UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHTING CONDITIONS","authors":"V. Lukyanov, S. Gorbunova","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-110-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-110-118","url":null,"abstract":"The production of microalgae biomass on agricultural waste has a high potential, which is associated both with solving a number of environmental problems and also with obtaining a commercial effect. The purpose of the research is to determine the production characteristics of Chlorella sorokiniana microalgae when grown under different light conditions on a nutrient medium prepared on the basis of chicken manure. The research was carried out in the laboratories of the Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center in 2020–2021. The object of the study is a culture of microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana (IPPAS C-1). Chicken manure in terms of dry weight contained 3.82 % of total nitrogen, 1.93 % – phosphorus, 55.26 % – organic matter. The toxic elements were within acceptable limits. A distinctive feature of the method of preparing a nutrient medium based on manure was its use without preliminary fermentation at a dose of 7 g/l. Photobioreactors with a volume of 5 liters of closed type with constant artificial lighting and 20 liters of open type with natural lighting were used for work. The culture layer for all variants of the experiment was 0.15 m. Artificial lighting was represented by HPS 150 W and energy-saving LED Aquael 10 W lamps. Illumination under artificial lighting was 20 and 40 klx, under natural lighting – 36 and 70 klx. When comparing different lighting sources, it was found that the use of a nutrient medium based on chicken manure made it possible to obtain a culture of Chlorella sorokiniana with a cell density from 38.67 to 62.66 million ml-1 under LED lighting, from 43.67 to 76.67 million ml-1 under HPS lighting and from 17.33 to 41.33 million ml-1 under natural lighting. Considering the three types of lighting, it should be noted that the most optimal way of Chlorella sorokiniana cultivation is on chicken manure under natural and LED lighting. Variants with a HPS lighting system were more energy-intensive even though they had a higher cell density.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78944167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF PHYTOPARASITIC NEMATODES BASED ON MICROORGANISMS (REVIEW)","authors":"A. Homyak, A. Asaturova, N. Sidorov, V. M. Dubyaga","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-191-219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-191-219","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoparasitic nematodes are dangerous pests of agricultural crops. Annually, yield losses due to damage by phytonematodes are up to 15%, which is estimated at billions of dollars. The aim of the research is to summarize and analyze scientific publications concerning the harmfulness of phytoparasitic nematodes and microorganisms that have an antagonistic effect against them for the further development of biopreparations of nematicidal action based on antagonist bacteria. The study objectives are to identify the most common groups of nematodes, review the information concerning microorganisms that have a nematicidal effect and biological products based on them. The review considers the main representatives of nematodes – plant parasites and notes their habitat, harmfulness, affected crops and symptoms of infection. Brief descriptions of life cycles and systematic affiliation are given. Analysis of scientific publications on the studied topic shows that numerous microorganisms are capable of exhibiting nematicidal activity, directly or indirectly affecting nematodes in the soil. In the course of the analysis of literary sources, it was found that both fungi and bacteria can exhibit an antagonistic effect against phytoparasitic nematodes. It is noted that for both groups of microorganisms, there are several mechanisms of action: predation, parasitism, competition, etc. It has been found that fungi and bacteria synthesize metabolites of various natures with a nematicidal effect: toxins, lytic enzymes, antibiotics, siderophores. It should be noted that microorganisms-antagonist are capable of exhibiting nematicidal activity to nematodes of different stages of the life cycle: eggs, juveniles and adults. Nowadays, some commercial preparations based on antagonist microorganisms are successfully used in agriculture in different countries. During the analysis, it was discovered that to date, few viruses are capable of infecting nematodes; their systematic affiliation has also been established. It is noted that, if compared to bionematicides based on fungi and bacteria, not a single bionematicide based on viruses has been developed. The development of bionematicides based on antagonist microorganisms is a promising area but requires further studies of interactions in the plant-nematode-microorganism system.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75811433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fertility of irrigated lands in the south forest-steppe of the Omsk region","authors":"V. Boiko, A. Timokhin, V. Mikhailov","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-40-49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-40-49","url":null,"abstract":"Unsustainable irrigation of chernozems can lead to secondary salinization and other negative consequences. The purpose of the research was to assess the fertility and hydrochemical composition of meadow-chernozem soil of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia under conditions of prolonged irrigation. The surveys were carried out in the fields of the agricultural production cooperative (APC) “Pushkinsky” and Federal State Unitary Enterprise (FSUE) “Omskoye”; cultivation technology – adaptive system of irrigated agriculture. The studies were conducted in 2015–2020 on the Pushkin irrigation system. The object of the research – irrigated meadow-chernozem heavy loamy soil. The methods of route field research and laboratory analyzes were used. The results obtained were compared with the baseline values (1978). With long-term irrigation and intensive agricultural use, the fertility indicators of meadow-chernozem soil did not significantly deteriorate. The arable horizons have a neutral and close to neutral reaction (pH 5.8–6.2), average humus content (5.9–7.2%). The supply of nitrate nitrogen, as a rule, remained at a low and medium level (6.0–14.7 mg/kg) due to the high removal by vegetative crops and the absence of fallow fields in the structure of irrigated arable land. Long-term systematic application of phosphorus-containing fertilizers and creation of a positive P balance led to the improvement of soil phosphate status (99–177 mg/kg). The content of exchangeable potassium remains high (144–353 mg/kg) and is stable over time, which is a feature of chernozems with a heavy particle size distribution. The content of mobile forms of lead, zinc and cadmium does not exceed approximate permissible concentrations in the soil. When analyzing the cation-anionic composition of the water extract of the soil profile of FSUE “Omskoe”, a weak salinity of the chloride type was revealed in the 0.6-1.4 m layer; of the sulfate-chloride type – in the 1.4-1.8 m layer. In the future, it may lead to secondary salinization and serve as a limiting factor for high yields. The absorbing complex of meadow-chernozem soil in the southern forest-steppe is highly saturated with bases. Sodium concentration is minimal; calcium and magnesium cations prevail. The groundwater samples are moderately fresh and of good quality. Among the anions, HCО3- prevails, among the cations – Mg2+ and Ca2+, which indicates the need to control the groundwater level to maintain a favorable ecological state of meadow-chernozem soil.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87761047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF PAENIBACILLUS POLYMYXA, BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS AND THEIR LASER STIMULATION AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENS","authors":"M. V. Maslova, E. Grosheva, A. Budagovsky, O. Budagovskaya, I. Kameneva","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-125-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-125-134","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, thanks to organic farming development, particular attention is paid to the biological methods of plants protection, especially from diseases. Therefore, new biological preparations creation and studying their effectiveness are promising directions. The aim of the research was to study the antagonistic activity of the bacteria Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against some phytopathogens (Pseudomonas syringae van Hall, Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.), as well as their reaction to laser irradiation. The research was carried out in the Research Problem Laboratory “Biphotonika” of the Michurinsk State Agrarian University and the Department of Agricultural Microbiology of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea in 2016–2021. The antagonistic activity of the bacteria was evaluated by the double culture method. The effectiveness of irradiation (as a result of their treatment with coherent light) was determined by the change in the number of bacterial cells in the suspension. The study of the activity of bacteria-antagonists against pathogens showed that the suppression of P. syringae, F. oxysporum, A. alternata growth in the double culture with P. polymyxa compared to the control variants was 32.5 %; 4.0 % and 77.9 %, respectively. B. amyloliquefaciens suppressed the growth of P. syringae by 25.9 %, F. oxysporum – by 49.0 %; A. alternate – by 61.1 %. An increase in the number of cells in suspensions of P. polymyxa and B. amyloliquefaciens after coherent light irradiation by 26.6 % and 36.7 %, respectively, was also found. Thus, to control P. syringae, bacterial strain of P. polymyxa P was more effective. The bacterial strain B. amyloliquefaciens 01-1 showed antagonistic activity against F. oxysporum. Both studied microorganisms were effective against A. alternata. To increase the activity of cell division of antagonist strains of phytopathogens, it is advisable to use coherent light irradiation. In future, it is advisable to test the level of antagonistic activity of the bacteria P. polymyxa and B. amyloliquefaciens after laser irradiation.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75441761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC ACTIVITY OF MICROORGANISMS AGAINST INSECT PESTS IN VITRO (REVIEW)","authors":"E. Bondarchuk, A. Tsygichko, F.M. Asaturova","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-20-34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-20-34","url":null,"abstract":"Excessive application of chemical insecticides in agriculture has led to some serious problems that threaten the environment and human health. One of the possible ways to overcome the situation is to shift to environmentally-friendly preparations based on entomopathogenic bioagents. The purpose of this review was to search for and systematize methodological approaches to determine the entomopathogenic activity of microorganisms of various taxonomic groups in laboratory conditions. The expediency of choosing the necessary method when studying a particular phenomenon or process is an important point both in the fundamental and applied field of research. The primary assessment of the entomopathogenic activity of microorganisms in vitro is the basis for expanding the spectrum of their action, introducing new strains into collections. It also contributes to the replenishment of knowledge about the already known properties of various types of microorganisms. All this, certainly, is connected with the further choice of them as biological agents. Each of the presented groups of entomopathogens has its distinctive features of the mechanisms of action determined by the target insect. Concerning the choice of methodological approaches for assessing the entomopathogenic effect of fungi, the authors relied on the physiological characteristics of the insect and its stage of harmfulness. The researchers were guided by methodological approaches of oral infection of insects using an infected food source to study the activity of bacterial strains. Pathological changes in the cellular structure, as well as deformations of intestinal elements, were noted. The most common way to assess the effect of entomopathogenic viruses in the laboratory is the method of surface infection of the food source of the tested insect, taking into account the high specialization of the agent. When studying the mechanisms of action of fungal, bacterial and viral agents, researchers injected a suspension of the pathogen into the insect’s body. The search and systematization of relevant methodological approaches to assess entomopathogenic microorganisms depending on the taxonomic affiliation is an important part of the work directly related to the development of a high-quality and effective bioinsecticide.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89005286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}