Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-9-19
T. A. Bazanov, I. Uschapovsky, N. N. Loginova, E. V. Smirnova, P. D. Mikhailova
Nowadays, hemp production places high demands on the efficiency of breeding and the reliability of seed multiplication of hemp (Cannabis sativa L. subsp. Sativa). Therefore, a detailed study of genetic polymorphism, intervarietal and intravarietal variability, and the peculiarities of the formation of the fund of available genetic diversity of culture becomes urgent. The aim was to study the genetic polymorphism of some modern Russian species of industrial hemp using molecular ISSR markers. Experimental data were obtained in 2021 in the laboratory of molecular-genetic researching and cell selection of the Federal Research Center of Bast Crops. We studied ten varieties of hemp of Russian breeding from the collection of Penza Unit of Federal Research Center for Fiber Crops: ‘Milena’, ‘Vera’, ‘Surskaya’, ‘Nadezhda’, ‘Ingreda’, ‘Diana’, ‘Juliana’, ‘Gentus’, ‘Dimra’, ‘Margo’. DNA was isolated from individual seeds by the CTAB method. When setting up PCR, 20 ISSR primers were used; amplification products were separated in agarose gel. A total of 99 alleles of 430–1500 bp were identified, the genetic profile of each studied sample turned out to be individual. Cluster analysis and genetic similarity dendrogram construction made it possible to reveal the presence of intra- and intervarietal genetic polymorphism, visualize the phylogenetic relationships of the studied species. The studied samples formed dense intravarietal groups and were divided into three intervarietal clusters. The presence of similar components of crossing in the pedigrees of the studied varieties is associated with the peculiarity of the identified clustering and determines the prerequisites for the formation of the genetic narrowness of modern varieties of cannabis. The set of 20 used ISSR-markers is distinguished by good resolution for studying the genetic polymorphism of hemp. Intravarietal polymorphism with an average genetic distance of 0.14 and intervarietal polymorphism with a distance of 0.61 were revealed in 10 cultivars of hemp of the Central Russian type. According to the results of cluster and factor analyzes, which showed the similarity of conclusions, the samples were divided into three main clusters, mainly differing in the originator of the variety. The study of DNA polymorphism of seeds of the ‘Diana’, obtained after reproduction of two years, indicates its genetic stability.
{"title":"STUDY OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF RUSSIAN ORIGIN HEMP CULTIVARS WITH THE USE OF ISSR–MARKERS","authors":"T. A. Bazanov, I. Uschapovsky, N. N. Loginova, E. V. Smirnova, P. D. Mikhailova","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-9-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-9-19","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, hemp production places high demands on the efficiency of breeding and the reliability of seed multiplication of hemp (Cannabis sativa L. subsp. Sativa). Therefore, a detailed study of genetic polymorphism, intervarietal and intravarietal variability, and the peculiarities of the formation of the fund of available genetic diversity of culture becomes urgent. The aim was to study the genetic polymorphism of some modern Russian species of industrial hemp using molecular ISSR markers. Experimental data were obtained in 2021 in the laboratory of molecular-genetic researching and cell selection of the Federal Research Center of Bast Crops. We studied ten varieties of hemp of Russian breeding from the collection of Penza Unit of Federal Research Center for Fiber Crops: ‘Milena’, ‘Vera’, ‘Surskaya’, ‘Nadezhda’, ‘Ingreda’, ‘Diana’, ‘Juliana’, ‘Gentus’, ‘Dimra’, ‘Margo’. DNA was isolated from individual seeds by the CTAB method. When setting up PCR, 20 ISSR primers were used; amplification products were separated in agarose gel. A total of 99 alleles of 430–1500 bp were identified, the genetic profile of each studied sample turned out to be individual. Cluster analysis and genetic similarity dendrogram construction made it possible to reveal the presence of intra- and intervarietal genetic polymorphism, visualize the phylogenetic relationships of the studied species. The studied samples formed dense intravarietal groups and were divided into three intervarietal clusters. The presence of similar components of crossing in the pedigrees of the studied varieties is associated with the peculiarity of the identified clustering and determines the prerequisites for the formation of the genetic narrowness of modern varieties of cannabis. The set of 20 used ISSR-markers is distinguished by good resolution for studying the genetic polymorphism of hemp. Intravarietal polymorphism with an average genetic distance of 0.14 and intervarietal polymorphism with a distance of 0.61 were revealed in 10 cultivars of hemp of the Central Russian type. According to the results of cluster and factor analyzes, which showed the similarity of conclusions, the samples were divided into three main clusters, mainly differing in the originator of the variety. The study of DNA polymorphism of seeds of the ‘Diana’, obtained after reproduction of two years, indicates its genetic stability.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87640940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-172-179
E. Filippov, R. Bragin, A. Dontsova, D. Dontsov
Spring barley breeding in the Rostov region is aimed at developing early maturing, drought-resistant, high-yielding varieties with good technological qualities of grain. Productivity is mainly affected by the economic and biological parameters of the variety and the environmental conditions in the growing area. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative assessment of spring barley varieties by indicative parameters of ecological plasticity and yield stability to changes in environmental conditions. In 2018-2020, for a targeted study of this impact, trials with 18 spring barley varieties of Russian and foreign breeding to estimate their ecological adaptability and stability were carried out. Square of the plot – 10 m2; experiment was replicated thrice. Soil – chernozem ordinary with humus content in the arable layer at the level of 3.0–3.5%, pH = 7.0–7.1. Phosphorus content – 15–20 mg/kg of soil, exchangeable potassium – 300–500 mg/kg. The estimation of the effect on the ecological plasticity and stability of varieties was carried out according to the method of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Rassel edited by V.A. Zykin (2005). Indicators of homeostaticity and breeding value were calculated according to the V.V. Khangildin and N.A. Litvinenko method (1981). Over the years of research, the productivity formation was mainly influenced by the factors ‘variety’ (66.1%) and ‘year’ (31.7%). The environmental conditions index showed that more favorable growing conditions were in 2020 (Ij = +0.23); in 2018, on the contrary, they were relatively unfavorable (Ij = –0.19). As a result of the three-year analysis, the highest productivity was identified in the varieties ‘Format’ (4,9 t/ha), ‘Fedos’ (4,8 t/ha) and ‘Gris’ (4,8 t/ha). In general, according to the complex of adaptivity parameters, ‘Format’ variety was distinguished. It has high indicators of breeding value (Sc = 4.6), stress resistance (Ymin-Ymax = –0.3), high stable productivity, as well as a high homeostatic index (Hom = 531) and a low coefficient of variation (V = 3.1%).
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY AND STABILITY OF SPRING BARLEY","authors":"E. Filippov, R. Bragin, A. Dontsova, D. Dontsov","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-172-179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-3-27-172-179","url":null,"abstract":"Spring barley breeding in the Rostov region is aimed at developing early maturing, drought-resistant, high-yielding varieties with good technological qualities of grain. Productivity is mainly affected by the economic and biological parameters of the variety and the environmental conditions in the growing area. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative assessment of spring barley varieties by indicative parameters of ecological plasticity and yield stability to changes in environmental conditions. In 2018-2020, for a targeted study of this impact, trials with 18 spring barley varieties of Russian and foreign breeding to estimate their ecological adaptability and stability were carried out. Square of the plot – 10 m2; experiment was replicated thrice. Soil – chernozem ordinary with humus content in the arable layer at the level of 3.0–3.5%, pH = 7.0–7.1. Phosphorus content – 15–20 mg/kg of soil, exchangeable potassium – 300–500 mg/kg. The estimation of the effect on the ecological plasticity and stability of varieties was carried out according to the method of S.A. Eberhart, W.A. Rassel edited by V.A. Zykin (2005). Indicators of homeostaticity and breeding value were calculated according to the V.V. Khangildin and N.A. Litvinenko method (1981). Over the years of research, the productivity formation was mainly influenced by the factors ‘variety’ (66.1%) and ‘year’ (31.7%). The environmental conditions index showed that more favorable growing conditions were in 2020 (Ij = +0.23); in 2018, on the contrary, they were relatively unfavorable (Ij = –0.19). As a result of the three-year analysis, the highest productivity was identified in the varieties ‘Format’ (4,9 t/ha), ‘Fedos’ (4,8 t/ha) and ‘Gris’ (4,8 t/ha). In general, according to the complex of adaptivity parameters, ‘Format’ variety was distinguished. It has high indicators of breeding value (Sc = 4.6), stress resistance (Ymin-Ymax = –0.3), high stable productivity, as well as a high homeostatic index (Hom = 531) and a low coefficient of variation (V = 3.1%).","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73528142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-138-148
O. Pekhova, L. Timasheva, I. Danilova, I. Belova
Hyssopus officinalis L. is a promising essential oil plant of complex use containing various types of biologically active substances (BAS). The purpose of the research was twofold: study the features of accumulation of various types of BAS in H. officinalis plants grown in the foothill zone of the Crimea; assess the possibility to use them in perfumery, cosmetics, food industry, pharmacy and medicine. The research was conducted in 2017–2019 in the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”. The raw materials of H. officinalis (population with blue flowers) grown without irrigation served as the research material. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of raw materials and different types of BAS were determined according to generally accepted methods. Structural analysis of H. officinalis showed that the aboveground part of plants during the growing season had the following fractional composition: leaves (21.4–70.6 %), stems (18.8–30.9 %), inflorescences (22.0−59.1 %). The ratio of fractions by phases of vegetation varied, namely: in the phase of regrowth, leaves prevailed – 70.6 % but, at the end of the flowering, their content decreased to 21.4 %; the content of inflorescences reached its maximum in the phases of mass flowering and end of flowering 53.3–59.1 %. The main oil-synthesizing organs of H. officinalis were leaves and inflorescences. The highest yield amount of H. officinalis essential oil was obtained from inflorescences (1.94 %), which in the fractional composition of the raw material amounted to 53.3 %. The maximum amount of essential oil of specific quality accumulated in plants during the phase of mass flowering (1.26 % in terms of absolutely dry weight). The dominant components of essential oil are ketones: isopinocamphone and pinocamphone (75.9–78.6 %). A high level of phenolic compounds was determined in the phases of regrowth and flowering; extractive substances – in the budding phase; tannins – in the phase of mass flowering. During the storage of air-dry raw materials for two years, insignificant losses of essential oil occur (up to 20.2 %); its component composition changes (hydrocarbons amount decreased by 2.5–22.7 %; ketones – increased by 3.4–16.2 %). The content of other types of BAS during storage of raw materials increased by 10–30 %. Therefore, it is advisable to store air-dry raw materials of Hyssopus officinalis for two years or longer.
{"title":"DYNAMICS OF ACCUMULATION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN HYSSOPUS OFFICINALIS L. PLANTS GROWN IN THE FOOTHILL ZONE OF CRIMEA","authors":"O. Pekhova, L. Timasheva, I. Danilova, I. Belova","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-138-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-138-148","url":null,"abstract":"Hyssopus officinalis L. is a promising essential oil plant of complex use containing various types of biologically active substances (BAS). The purpose of the research was twofold: study the features of accumulation of various types of BAS in H. officinalis plants grown in the foothill zone of the Crimea; assess the possibility to use them in perfumery, cosmetics, food industry, pharmacy and medicine. The research was conducted in 2017–2019 in the FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”. The raw materials of H. officinalis (population with blue flowers) grown without irrigation served as the research material. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics of raw materials and different types of BAS were determined according to generally accepted methods. Structural analysis of H. officinalis showed that the aboveground part of plants during the growing season had the following fractional composition: leaves (21.4–70.6 %), stems (18.8–30.9 %), inflorescences (22.0−59.1 %). The ratio of fractions by phases of vegetation varied, namely: in the phase of regrowth, leaves prevailed – 70.6 % but, at the end of the flowering, their content decreased to 21.4 %; the content of inflorescences reached its maximum in the phases of mass flowering and end of flowering 53.3–59.1 %. The main oil-synthesizing organs of H. officinalis were leaves and inflorescences. The highest yield amount of H. officinalis essential oil was obtained from inflorescences (1.94 %), which in the fractional composition of the raw material amounted to 53.3 %. The maximum amount of essential oil of specific quality accumulated in plants during the phase of mass flowering (1.26 % in terms of absolutely dry weight). The dominant components of essential oil are ketones: isopinocamphone and pinocamphone (75.9–78.6 %). A high level of phenolic compounds was determined in the phases of regrowth and flowering; extractive substances – in the budding phase; tannins – in the phase of mass flowering. During the storage of air-dry raw materials for two years, insignificant losses of essential oil occur (up to 20.2 %); its component composition changes (hydrocarbons amount decreased by 2.5–22.7 %; ketones – increased by 3.4–16.2 %). The content of other types of BAS during storage of raw materials increased by 10–30 %. Therefore, it is advisable to store air-dry raw materials of Hyssopus officinalis for two years or longer.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83182587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-119-128
E. Nekrasov, D. Marchenko, M. Ivanisov, I. V. Romanyukina, A. V. Kirin, N. Kravchenko
Wheat yield increase and grain quality indicators improvement is one of the primary tasks for the agro-industrial complex. The purpose of the current study was twofold: estimate the productivity and grain quality indicators of winter bread wheat varieties; identify the most valuable ones for further use in breeding programs. The surveys were carried out on the experimental field of SSE “Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy»” in 2018-2020. In the study area, the average annual precipitation was 582.4 mm, the average annual temperature – 9.7 °C. The object of the study – 23 winter bread wheat varieties of semi-intensive type developed in the ARC “Donskoy”. Variety ‘Don 107’ was used as a standard one. Forecrop – maize for grain. Winter wheat was planted at the optimum planting dates; seed placement depth – 4-6 cm. The experiment was replicated six times; The plot area – 10 m2. Varieties ‘Lilit’ (6.8 t/ha), ‘Polina’ (6.8 t/ha), ‘Zolotoy Kolos’ (6.8 t/ha), ‘Lidiya’ (6.9 t/ha), ‘Premyera’ (6.9 t/ha), ‘Volnitsa’ (7.0 t/ha), ‘Volny Don’ (7.0 t/ha), ‘Ayuta’ (7.2 t/ha) exceeded standard variety ‘Don 107’ by 0.4–0.8 t/ha. All varieties studied in the trial corresponded to the standards of the 1st class in terms of hectolitre weight (not less than 750 g/l) and vitreousness (not less than 60.0 %). The largest grain was formed by varieties ‘Zhavoronok’ (43.4 g), ‘Donskoy surpriz’ (43.6 g), ‘Ayuta’ (44.6 g), ‘Volnitsa’ (44.9 g), ‘Premyera’ (48.2 g). The largest values of protein in grain (13.1–13.4 %) were identified in varieties ‘Lidiya’, ‘Stanichnaya’ and ‘Podarok Krymu’. Varieties ‘Asket’ and ‘Podarok Krymu’ produced grain with the largest gluten content (28.6 % and 28.9 %, respectively). The results of two-way analysis of variance have proved the greater influence of the factor “year” on productivity (64.0 %), protein (72.0 %) and gluten (70.0 %) content in grain of winter bread wheat than that of the factor “genotype” and their correlation.
{"title":"PRODUCTIVITY AND PROTEIN-GLUTEN COMPLEX OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF WINTER BREAD WHEAT","authors":"E. Nekrasov, D. Marchenko, M. Ivanisov, I. V. Romanyukina, A. V. Kirin, N. Kravchenko","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-119-128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-119-128","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat yield increase and grain quality indicators improvement is one of the primary tasks for the agro-industrial complex. The purpose of the current study was twofold: estimate the productivity and grain quality indicators of winter bread wheat varieties; identify the most valuable ones for further use in breeding programs. The surveys were carried out on the experimental field of SSE “Agricultural Research Center «Donskoy»” in 2018-2020. In the study area, the average annual precipitation was 582.4 mm, the average annual temperature – 9.7 °C. The object of the study – 23 winter bread wheat varieties of semi-intensive type developed in the ARC “Donskoy”. Variety ‘Don 107’ was used as a standard one. Forecrop – maize for grain. Winter wheat was planted at the optimum planting dates; seed placement depth – 4-6 cm. The experiment was replicated six times; The plot area – 10 m2. Varieties ‘Lilit’ (6.8 t/ha), ‘Polina’ (6.8 t/ha), ‘Zolotoy Kolos’ (6.8 t/ha), ‘Lidiya’ (6.9 t/ha), ‘Premyera’ (6.9 t/ha), ‘Volnitsa’ (7.0 t/ha), ‘Volny Don’ (7.0 t/ha), ‘Ayuta’ (7.2 t/ha) exceeded standard variety ‘Don 107’ by 0.4–0.8 t/ha. All varieties studied in the trial corresponded to the standards of the 1st class in terms of hectolitre weight (not less than 750 g/l) and vitreousness (not less than 60.0 %). The largest grain was formed by varieties ‘Zhavoronok’ (43.4 g), ‘Donskoy surpriz’ (43.6 g), ‘Ayuta’ (44.6 g), ‘Volnitsa’ (44.9 g), ‘Premyera’ (48.2 g). The largest values of protein in grain (13.1–13.4 %) were identified in varieties ‘Lidiya’, ‘Stanichnaya’ and ‘Podarok Krymu’. Varieties ‘Asket’ and ‘Podarok Krymu’ produced grain with the largest gluten content (28.6 % and 28.9 %, respectively). The results of two-way analysis of variance have proved the greater influence of the factor “year” on productivity (64.0 %), protein (72.0 %) and gluten (70.0 %) content in grain of winter bread wheat than that of the factor “genotype” and their correlation.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87660160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-69-81
I. Dunaieva, V. Popovich, V. Vecherkov
Currently, for the agro-industrial complex development, it is necessary to apply new modern methodological approaches. Among the variety of methods, it is advisable to choose those methodological approaches that will make it possible to form the optimal directions for socio-economic development of rural areas more adequately, provided they improve the integral ecosystem state. This article is devoted to the development of a methodology for searching, selecting, calculating key parameters and integral indicators having a significant impact on the state and development of agricultural territories. The research aims to study the possibilities of integrating assessments based on the processing of statistical reporting materials and Earth remote sensing (ERS) data. The novelty of the work is in the development of a methodological approach for using statistical reporting data and indirect remote sensing data on the level of territory bioproductivity (net primary production) at various levels of spatial analysis (from the level of rural settlement and above). A database of indicators of ecosystem state of rural areas for various levels of integration (from a rural settlement and above) was created using modern software. Moreover, comparable level indicators of their current state were calculated; procedures for spatial visualization of the calculation results for pilot districts and Crimea as a whole were developed. The indicator of the socio-economic direction in 2020 for the Republic of Crimea decreased by 7 % compared to 2019; only for the Kirovsky and Leninsky districts, it remained at the same level. Considering the ecological indicator, the overall integral indicator of the ecosystem state of territories decreased by 3.9 % and worsened for almost all districts (except Kirovsky). The use of satellite information to analyze the dynamics of the development of rural areas showed the continuing negative trend in annual indicators of bioproductivity (about 1.2 % on average per year for the period 2000–2020). All visualization data are implemented through a server web platform using GIS software product – NextGISWeb to allow a third-party user having an opportunity to access the available information to conduct analytical or management activities.
{"title":"METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE CONDITION OF RURAL AREAS","authors":"I. Dunaieva, V. Popovich, V. Vecherkov","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-69-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-69-81","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, for the agro-industrial complex development, it is necessary to apply new modern methodological approaches. Among the variety of methods, it is advisable to choose those methodological approaches that will make it possible to form the optimal directions for socio-economic development of rural areas more adequately, provided they improve the integral ecosystem state. This article is devoted to the development of a methodology for searching, selecting, calculating key parameters and integral indicators having a significant impact on the state and development of agricultural territories. The research aims to study the possibilities of integrating assessments based on the processing of statistical reporting materials and Earth remote sensing (ERS) data. The novelty of the work is in the development of a methodological approach for using statistical reporting data and indirect remote sensing data on the level of territory bioproductivity (net primary production) at various levels of spatial analysis (from the level of rural settlement and above). A database of indicators of ecosystem state of rural areas for various levels of integration (from a rural settlement and above) was created using modern software. Moreover, comparable level indicators of their current state were calculated; procedures for spatial visualization of the calculation results for pilot districts and Crimea as a whole were developed. The indicator of the socio-economic direction in 2020 for the Republic of Crimea decreased by 7 % compared to 2019; only for the Kirovsky and Leninsky districts, it remained at the same level. Considering the ecological indicator, the overall integral indicator of the ecosystem state of territories decreased by 3.9 % and worsened for almost all districts (except Kirovsky). The use of satellite information to analyze the dynamics of the development of rural areas showed the continuing negative trend in annual indicators of bioproductivity (about 1.2 % on average per year for the period 2000–2020). All visualization data are implemented through a server web platform using GIS software product – NextGISWeb to allow a third-party user having an opportunity to access the available information to conduct analytical or management activities.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77446402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-9-21
G. Batalova, E. M. Lisitsyn, E. Vologzhanina, G. P. Zhuravleva
To determine the optimal options for using fertilizer “KAS 28” when growing hulled (covered) oat cv. ‘Kirovsky 2’, the following options were investigated: 1 – control (no fertilizer); 2 – “KAS 28” in the recommended dose (35 l/ha) at the tillering stage; 3 – crops treatment with “KAS 28” – 60 % of the recommended dose (21 l/ha) at the tillering stage; 4 – “KAS 28” in the recommended dose at the beginning of stem elongation stage; 5 – crops treatment with “KAS 28” – 60% of the recommended dose at the beginning of stem elongation stage. The studies were carried out in 2019-2020. Over the year of research, the average yield varied from 5.52 t/ha in option 3 (at control level) to 6.59 t/ha in option 5 (16.0 % over control). Variants 2 and 4 exceeded control by 0.49 and 0.50 t/ha (8.8 %), respectively. Treatment with a reduced dose of fertilizer in the tillering stage reduced yield by 0.65 t/ha (10.6 %), at the beginning of stem elongation stage, on the contrary, increased it by 0.41 t/ha (6.6 %). “KAS 28” application led to an increase in the panicle length by 3.5–5.3 % compared to control (16.9 cm), the number of grains per panicle by 5.3-12.0 % (48 pcs in the control variant), the grain weight per panicle by 5.6-23.4 % (control – 1.78 g). Generally, the application of a reduced dose of fertilizer was less efficient. However, fertilizer dose decrease led to a statistically significant increase in 1000-grain weight indicator (by 0.55–1.61 g or 1.4–4.1 %). To increase the yield of oat cv. ‘Kirovsky 2’ and reduce the anthropogenic load on the agroecosystem, we offer to carry out topdressing at the stem elongation stage with the fertilizer “KAS 28” at a dose of 21 l/ha.
{"title":"EFFECT OF TIMING AND DOSAGE OF “KAS 28” APPLICATION ON OAT PLANTS DEVELOPMENT","authors":"G. Batalova, E. M. Lisitsyn, E. Vologzhanina, G. P. Zhuravleva","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-9-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-9-21","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the optimal options for using fertilizer “KAS 28” when growing hulled (covered) oat cv. ‘Kirovsky 2’, the following options were investigated: 1 – control (no fertilizer); 2 – “KAS 28” in the recommended dose (35 l/ha) at the tillering stage; 3 – crops treatment with “KAS 28” – 60 % of the recommended dose (21 l/ha) at the tillering stage; 4 – “KAS 28” in the recommended dose at the beginning of stem elongation stage; 5 – crops treatment with “KAS 28” – 60% of the recommended dose at the beginning of stem elongation stage. The studies were carried out in 2019-2020. Over the year of research, the average yield varied from 5.52 t/ha in option 3 (at control level) to 6.59 t/ha in option 5 (16.0 % over control). Variants 2 and 4 exceeded control by 0.49 and 0.50 t/ha (8.8 %), respectively. Treatment with a reduced dose of fertilizer in the tillering stage reduced yield by 0.65 t/ha (10.6 %), at the beginning of stem elongation stage, on the contrary, increased it by 0.41 t/ha (6.6 %). “KAS 28” application led to an increase in the panicle length by 3.5–5.3 % compared to control (16.9 cm), the number of grains per panicle by 5.3-12.0 % (48 pcs in the control variant), the grain weight per panicle by 5.6-23.4 % (control – 1.78 g). Generally, the application of a reduced dose of fertilizer was less efficient. However, fertilizer dose decrease led to a statistically significant increase in 1000-grain weight indicator (by 0.55–1.61 g or 1.4–4.1 %). To increase the yield of oat cv. ‘Kirovsky 2’ and reduce the anthropogenic load on the agroecosystem, we offer to carry out topdressing at the stem elongation stage with the fertilizer “KAS 28” at a dose of 21 l/ha.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82153248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-149-158
N. Sidorov, E. Gyrnets, M. M. Astakhov, K. Saenko, A. Asaturova, A.O. Didenko
The massive use of one-component fungicides has caused the problem of the emergence of resistant forms of phytopathogens. The development of multicomponent plant protection products is one of the ways of dealing with such a situation. The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of multicomponent chemical dressing agents in suppressing the most common fungal pathogens and seed infections in vitro. This work was performed in 2020 in the Federal Research Center for Biological Plant Protection (Krasnodar) in the laboratory of the creation of microbiological plant protection products and a collection of microorganisms. Fungi of the Fusarium, Microdochium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, Septoria, Pyrenophora genera were used as test objects. The fungicidal activity of chemical preparations against economically significant phytopathogens causing root rot was evaluated in laboratory conditions by the method of serial dilutions followed by sowing on a nutrient medium. In addition, the effectiveness of the preparations was investigated by the method of treated seeds phytoexamination according to GOST 12044–93. The preparations, which included triazoles and phenylpyrroles, had the strongest inhibitory effect (100 %) on pathogens of Rhizoctonia, helminthosporiosis and septoria. The preparation containing compounds of the group of triazoles and strobilurins suppressed the growth of Rhizoctonia solani only. The preparations’ inhibitory effect on a number of phytopathogenic fungi was manifested in growth retardation, absence of aerial mycelium development and mycelium pigmentation. Concerning the causative agents of Fusarium root rot, the two-component preparations efficacy ranged from 51 % to 74.4 %; three-component one – from 42.9 % to 84.7 % depending on the species of the genus Fusarium. Presowing seed treatment made it possible to inhibit the growth of fungi of the genera Fusarium, Mucor, Aspergillus; significantly inhibit the development of the fungus Alternaria (spread in the experimental variant – 1.7 %, in the control variant – 46.7 %). From the data obtained, it can be concluded that multicomponent preparations based on triazoles and phenylpyrroles are highly effective in suppressing a wide range of phytopathogens and can be recommended for presowing seed treatment.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF FUNGICIDAL ACTIVITY OF PREPARATIONS FOR PRESOWING TREATMENT OF WINTER WHEAT","authors":"N. Sidorov, E. Gyrnets, M. M. Astakhov, K. Saenko, A. Asaturova, A.O. Didenko","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-149-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-149-158","url":null,"abstract":"The massive use of one-component fungicides has caused the problem of the emergence of resistant forms of phytopathogens. The development of multicomponent plant protection products is one of the ways of dealing with such a situation. The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of multicomponent chemical dressing agents in suppressing the most common fungal pathogens and seed infections in vitro. This work was performed in 2020 in the Federal Research Center for Biological Plant Protection (Krasnodar) in the laboratory of the creation of microbiological plant protection products and a collection of microorganisms. Fungi of the Fusarium, Microdochium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, Septoria, Pyrenophora genera were used as test objects. The fungicidal activity of chemical preparations against economically significant phytopathogens causing root rot was evaluated in laboratory conditions by the method of serial dilutions followed by sowing on a nutrient medium. In addition, the effectiveness of the preparations was investigated by the method of treated seeds phytoexamination according to GOST 12044–93. The preparations, which included triazoles and phenylpyrroles, had the strongest inhibitory effect (100 %) on pathogens of Rhizoctonia, helminthosporiosis and septoria. The preparation containing compounds of the group of triazoles and strobilurins suppressed the growth of Rhizoctonia solani only. The preparations’ inhibitory effect on a number of phytopathogenic fungi was manifested in growth retardation, absence of aerial mycelium development and mycelium pigmentation. Concerning the causative agents of Fusarium root rot, the two-component preparations efficacy ranged from 51 % to 74.4 %; three-component one – from 42.9 % to 84.7 % depending on the species of the genus Fusarium. Presowing seed treatment made it possible to inhibit the growth of fungi of the genera Fusarium, Mucor, Aspergillus; significantly inhibit the development of the fungus Alternaria (spread in the experimental variant – 1.7 %, in the control variant – 46.7 %). From the data obtained, it can be concluded that multicomponent preparations based on triazoles and phenylpyrroles are highly effective in suppressing a wide range of phytopathogens and can be recommended for presowing seed treatment.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83765497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-58-68
Y. Gulyanov
Monitoring of climatic conditions is necessary to determine the degree of their change and to develop methods for optimizing the interaction of natural and socio-economic systems aimed at maintaining food security without harming the environment. The purpose of the research was to analyze long-term climatic trends and assess their impact on the productivity of winter wheat in the model regions (Orenburg and Volgograd regions) of the steppe zone of European Russia for the period from 1990 to 2020. Statistical processing was carried out by the method of correlation and regression analysis. The variability of the studied meteorological parameters and the yield of winter wheat over the years was estimated using the coefficient of variation. The positive dynamics of the average daily air temperature was revealed. It was 1.6–2.3 °С on average per year, 2.5–3.5 °С during the autumn growing season (August–September) and 1.1–2.4 °С in spring-summer growing season (April–June). A steady precipitation decrease in the warm period of the year in the Orenburg region (by 32 mm) and their zero balance in the Volgograd region against the background of an increased sum of active temperatures or growing degree days (by 395–580 °С) led to a decrease in the Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) by 0.15–0.20 units. In some periods of vegetation, the HTC values approached the level “dry” in the cultivation zone assessment. Typically, winter wheat productivity depends on zonal features. In the Volgograd region, grain yield exceeding the average (2.32 t/ha) was obtained in 52.3 % of years; in the Orenburg region (1.61 t/ha) – in 47.6 % of years. The yield that amounted to 75% of the maximum was noted in 33.2 % of years in the Volgograd region, in the Orenburg region – in 14.3 % of years (all-Russian indicator – 38.1 %). The realization of the biological productivity of winter wheat is more related to the amount of precipitation, which determines 40.6% (Volgograd region) and 44.2% (Orenburg region) of its variations. In the Orenburg region, annual precipitation in general and those of the cold period have priority; in the Volgograd region – annual precipitation and precipitation of the spring-summer period.
{"title":"CHANGES IN REGIONAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AND PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT IN THE STEPPE ZONE OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA","authors":"Y. Gulyanov","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-58-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-4-28-58-68","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring of climatic conditions is necessary to determine the degree of their change and to develop methods for optimizing the interaction of natural and socio-economic systems aimed at maintaining food security without harming the environment. The purpose of the research was to analyze long-term climatic trends and assess their impact on the productivity of winter wheat in the model regions (Orenburg and Volgograd regions) of the steppe zone of European Russia for the period from 1990 to 2020. Statistical processing was carried out by the method of correlation and regression analysis. The variability of the studied meteorological parameters and the yield of winter wheat over the years was estimated using the coefficient of variation. The positive dynamics of the average daily air temperature was revealed. It was 1.6–2.3 °С on average per year, 2.5–3.5 °С during the autumn growing season (August–September) and 1.1–2.4 °С in spring-summer growing season (April–June). A steady precipitation decrease in the warm period of the year in the Orenburg region (by 32 mm) and their zero balance in the Volgograd region against the background of an increased sum of active temperatures or growing degree days (by 395–580 °С) led to a decrease in the Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) by 0.15–0.20 units. In some periods of vegetation, the HTC values approached the level “dry” in the cultivation zone assessment. Typically, winter wheat productivity depends on zonal features. In the Volgograd region, grain yield exceeding the average (2.32 t/ha) was obtained in 52.3 % of years; in the Orenburg region (1.61 t/ha) – in 47.6 % of years. The yield that amounted to 75% of the maximum was noted in 33.2 % of years in the Volgograd region, in the Orenburg region – in 14.3 % of years (all-Russian indicator – 38.1 %). The realization of the biological productivity of winter wheat is more related to the amount of precipitation, which determines 40.6% (Volgograd region) and 44.2% (Orenburg region) of its variations. In the Orenburg region, annual precipitation in general and those of the cold period have priority; in the Volgograd region – annual precipitation and precipitation of the spring-summer period.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83219216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-01DOI: 10.33952/2542-0720-2020-4-24-49-61
A. Egovtseva, T. Melnichuk, S. F. Abdurashitov, E. Andronov, E. R. Abdurashitova, A. Radchenko, Tatyana Ganotskaya, L. Radchenko, Arriam
Pre-sowing inoculation with strains of associative bacteria is one of the promising methods for increasing the productivity of agricultural crops. These microorganisms are able to stimulate the growth processes of plants, improve their mineral nutrition, increase phytoimmunity and resistance to adverse factors. The aim of the research is to study the influence of strains with a high associative potential to Triticum aestivum L. on the microbiocenosis in the rhizosphere of soft wheat of several varieties grown on chernozem southern. The studies were carried out in 2018–2020 using three varieties – ‘Ermak’, ‘Bagheera’, ‘Lydia’. The experiments were laid on plots (accounting area – 25 m2) in systematic design, replicated four times. The climate of the study area is characterized as arid (steppe). Inoculation was carried out before wheat seeds sowing; option without treatment served as a control. Sampling was carried out in the most active phase – flowering (in May 2019 and 2020). In the course of the research, we found that changes in the number of microorganisms of various ecological-trophic groups of chernozem southern in the rhizosphere of wheat occur under the influence of bacterial strains associative to T. aestivum. Wheat variety ‘Bagheera’ was found to be the most responsive to seed bacterization; the average yield increase over two years of research was in the range of 0.2-0.4 t/ha or 5-10%. Calculation of coefficients and indices indicating the direction of mineralization processes in the soil made it possible to establish that inoculation promotes their activation. The results of the correlation analysis based on two-year data obtained after studying three varieties of winter wheat showed that the number of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter has the greatest influence on the yield – the correlation index is 0.81 at p <0.05.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF STRAINS ASSOCIATED WITH TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. ON MICROBIOCENOSIS IN THE RHIZOSPHERE OF WINTER WHEAT OF CHERNOZEM SOUTHERN","authors":"A. Egovtseva, T. Melnichuk, S. F. Abdurashitov, E. Andronov, E. R. Abdurashitova, A. Radchenko, Tatyana Ganotskaya, L. Radchenko, Arriam","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2020-4-24-49-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-4-24-49-61","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-sowing inoculation with strains of associative bacteria is one of the promising methods for increasing the productivity of agricultural crops. These microorganisms are able to stimulate the growth processes of plants, improve their mineral nutrition, increase phytoimmunity and resistance to adverse factors. The aim of the research is to study the influence of strains with a high associative potential to Triticum aestivum L. on the microbiocenosis in the rhizosphere of soft wheat of several varieties grown on chernozem southern. The studies were carried out in 2018–2020 using three varieties – ‘Ermak’, ‘Bagheera’, ‘Lydia’. The experiments were laid on plots (accounting area – 25 m2) in systematic design, replicated four times. The climate of the study area is characterized as arid (steppe). Inoculation was carried out before wheat seeds sowing; option without treatment served as a control. Sampling was carried out in the most active phase – flowering (in May 2019 and 2020). In the course of the research, we found that changes in the number of microorganisms of various ecological-trophic groups of chernozem southern in the rhizosphere of wheat occur under the influence of bacterial strains associative to T. aestivum. Wheat variety ‘Bagheera’ was found to be the most responsive to seed bacterization; the average yield increase over two years of research was in the range of 0.2-0.4 t/ha or 5-10%. Calculation of coefficients and indices indicating the direction of mineralization processes in the soil made it possible to establish that inoculation promotes their activation. The results of the correlation analysis based on two-year data obtained after studying three varieties of winter wheat showed that the number of bacteria of the genus Azotobacter has the greatest influence on the yield – the correlation index is 0.81 at p <0.05.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76011843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-03DOI: 10.33952/2542-0720-2021-2-26-41-61
Oleg N. Bakhchevnikov, A. Braginets
The issues of disinfection of raw materials for feed production by the method of ozonation were considered in the review. Ozonation could be a universal method of plant raw materials disinfection in agricultural enterprises and formula-feed plants. A research objective is to generalize and analyze scientific publications devoted to the feed raw materials disinfection by ozone, as well as to clarify information on rational parameters of such type of disinfection and its effect on the quality of feed. Moreover, we assessed the possibility of further use of ozonation in the production process. For the research of the subject, we searched and selected scientific articles published from 2005 to 2020 and conducted a systematic review. Ozonation was found to be an effective method for feed decontamination that destroys pathogenic bacteria and fungi. This method is also used to detoxify feed and control pest insects. Ozonation is not yet widely used in agricultural production and formula-feed industry to ensure the biological safety of feed raw materials. Additional research aimed at improving the efficiency of ozonation by standardization of parameters for its implementation to ensure the broadest possible application of the method under study should be carried out. The development of technical solutions that increase the diffusion of gaseous ozone will significantly increase the safety and preservation of raw materials. Rational values of ozone concentration, processing time, etc., for each type of raw materials, as well as for mycotoxins, pesticides, microorganisms and insects, including different stages of their growth and development, should be defined. Special attention should be also focused on the study of the complex efficiency of ozonation concerning several pathogenic factors.
{"title":"ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ОЗОНА ДЛЯ ОБЕЗЗАРАЖИВАНИЯ КОРМОВОГО СЫРЬЯ (ОБЗОР)","authors":"Oleg N. Bakhchevnikov, A. Braginets","doi":"10.33952/2542-0720-2021-2-26-41-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2021-2-26-41-61","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of disinfection of raw materials for feed production by the method of ozonation were considered in the review. Ozonation could be a universal method of plant raw materials disinfection in agricultural enterprises and formula-feed plants. A research objective is to generalize and analyze scientific publications devoted to the feed raw materials disinfection by ozone, as well as to clarify information on rational parameters of such type of disinfection and its effect on the quality of feed. Moreover, we assessed the possibility of further use of ozonation in the production process. For the research of the subject, we searched and selected scientific articles published from 2005 to 2020 and conducted a systematic review. Ozonation was found to be an effective method for feed decontamination that destroys pathogenic bacteria and fungi. This method is also used to detoxify feed and control pest insects. Ozonation is not yet widely used in agricultural production and formula-feed industry to ensure the biological safety of feed raw materials. Additional research aimed at improving the efficiency of ozonation by standardization of parameters for its implementation to ensure the broadest possible application of the method under study should be carried out. The development of technical solutions that increase the diffusion of gaseous ozone will significantly increase the safety and preservation of raw materials. Rational values of ozone concentration, processing time, etc., for each type of raw materials, as well as for mycotoxins, pesticides, microorganisms and insects, including different stages of their growth and development, should be defined. Special attention should be also focused on the study of the complex efficiency of ozonation concerning several pathogenic factors.","PeriodicalId":22344,"journal":{"name":"TAURIDA HERALD OF THE AGRARIAN SCIENCES","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85603476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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