Pub Date : 2024-05-09DOI: 10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue05-03
Mohammed Hamed Albander
The twentieth century witnessed a great era with the launch of the flame of Science in both its human and applied aspects,which was kindled by researchers and scientists on their various interests, scientific research has always been the Pioneer towards a new hypothesis or theory as a summary of a phenomenon and a mixture of thought and therefore it is a window with Horizons towards a new universe and conclusion (Abdelbaki, 2004: 3). .
{"title":"LEADERSHIP METHODOLOGIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL CREATIVITY (FIELD STUDY ON AL- MUTHANNA UNIVERSITY)","authors":"Mohammed Hamed Albander","doi":"10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue05-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue05-03","url":null,"abstract":"The twentieth century witnessed a great era with the launch of the flame of Science in both its human and applied aspects,which was kindled by researchers and scientists on their various interests, scientific research has always been the Pioneer towards a new hypothesis or theory as a summary of a phenomenon and a mixture of thought and therefore it is a window with Horizons towards a new universe and conclusion (Abdelbaki, 2004: 3). .","PeriodicalId":22348,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140997400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue04-02
Siver Kibuh, Sarah Malaki, Joyce Kamunya, Damaris Thuku
This abstract provides a concise overview of the prevalence of cultural beliefs and their impact on the recognition and treatment of schizophrenia symptoms in Kenya, drawing from a review of relevant literature including "A survey of psychosis risk symptoms in Kenya," "Cultural Aspects of Major Mental Disorders: A Critical Review from an Indian Perspective," "Psychotic Symptoms in Kenya – Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Relationship with Common Mental Disorders," and "Exploring mental health practice among traditional health practitioners: a qualitative study in rural Kenya." This review reveals a complex interaction between traditional cultural beliefs that are held by many Kenyan communities and Western biomedical viewpoints on schizophrenia. Results of a survey conducted in Kenya on psychosis risk symptoms highlight the substantial overlap between symptoms that are distinctive to a culture and those that meet Western psychiatric standards. This overlap emphasizes how crucial it is to use culturally aware methods when diagnosing and treating schizophrenia in Kenya. Studies conducted on psychotic symptoms in Kenya show that a significant proportion of schizophrenia patients experience symptoms that are culturally specific, such as spirit possession and witchcraft beliefs. These culturally particular symptoms frequently impact behavior related to seeking help and adhering with treatment, with traditional healers having a significant role in the treatment of mental illness. Reliance on conventional healers, however, may impede treatment outcomes for people with schizophrenia and prolong the time it takes to receive evidence-based psychiatric therapy. It is important to consider the cultural perceptions and beliefs around the symptoms of schizophrenia in Kenya highlight the critical need for culturally competent methods to mental health treatment. Schizophrenia treatment initiatives must strike a careful balance between honoring various cultural viewpoints and encouraging cooperation between conventional healers and biological professionals. The creation of culturally appropriate therapies and the improvement of mental health literacy in Kenyan communities ought to be the top priorities for future research in order to guarantee that people with schizophrenia have fair access to high-quality mental health care.
{"title":"CULTURAL BELIEFS AND INTERPRETATION OF SYMPTOMS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA IN KENYA","authors":"Siver Kibuh, Sarah Malaki, Joyce Kamunya, Damaris Thuku","doi":"10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue04-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue04-02","url":null,"abstract":"This abstract provides a concise overview of the prevalence of cultural beliefs and their impact on the recognition and treatment of schizophrenia symptoms in Kenya, drawing from a review of relevant literature including \"A survey of psychosis risk symptoms in Kenya,\" \"Cultural Aspects of Major Mental Disorders: A Critical Review from an Indian Perspective,\" \"Psychotic Symptoms in Kenya – Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Relationship with Common Mental Disorders,\" and \"Exploring mental health practice among traditional health practitioners: a qualitative study in rural Kenya.\" This review reveals a complex interaction between traditional cultural beliefs that are held by many Kenyan communities and Western biomedical viewpoints on schizophrenia. Results of a survey conducted in Kenya on psychosis risk symptoms highlight the substantial overlap between symptoms that are distinctive to a culture and those that meet Western psychiatric standards. This overlap emphasizes how crucial it is to use culturally aware methods when diagnosing and treating schizophrenia in Kenya. Studies conducted on psychotic symptoms in Kenya show that a significant proportion of schizophrenia patients experience symptoms that are culturally specific, such as spirit possession and witchcraft beliefs. These culturally particular symptoms frequently impact behavior related to seeking help and adhering with treatment, with traditional healers having a significant role in the treatment of mental illness. Reliance on conventional healers, however, may impede treatment outcomes for people with schizophrenia and prolong the time it takes to receive evidence-based psychiatric therapy. It is important to consider the cultural perceptions and beliefs around the symptoms of schizophrenia in Kenya highlight the critical need for culturally competent methods to mental health treatment. Schizophrenia treatment initiatives must strike a careful balance between honoring various cultural viewpoints and encouraging cooperation between conventional healers and biological professionals. The creation of culturally appropriate therapies and the improvement of mental health literacy in Kenyan communities ought to be the top priorities for future research in order to guarantee that people with schizophrenia have fair access to high-quality mental health care.","PeriodicalId":22348,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140735486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue04-03
Murtadha Hamza Jasim Al-Rifaie
Multilingualism refers to the ability of an individual or a community to speak or use multiple languages. It can be characterized by the ability to understand, read, write, and communicate in more than one language. A multilingual person does not necessarily mean someone who speaks more than one language perfectly.
{"title":"Enhancement and Facilitation of Translation and Communication with Multilingual Refugees","authors":"Murtadha Hamza Jasim Al-Rifaie","doi":"10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue04-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue04-03","url":null,"abstract":"Multilingualism refers to the ability of an individual or a community to speak or use multiple languages. It can be characterized by the ability to understand, read, write, and communicate in more than one language. A multilingual person does not necessarily mean someone who speaks more than one language perfectly.","PeriodicalId":22348,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140773342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue03-03
Dr. Najm Abdulaali Abbas Aboud Aldaamy
This study delves into the pivotal role of hotel marketing as an independent variable, sustainable hotel development as a dependent variable, and the interaction of expatriates to form the intellectual and philosophical framework for this study. The study commences with a fundamental question: What is the impact of hotel marketing in implementing sustainable development in hotel institutions in Erbil Governorate? The study aims to achieve the following objectives: to underscore the role of hotel marketing in achieving sustainable hotel development and to illuminate the marketing function as one of the most crucial avenues for implementing sustainable hotel development. (100) questionnaires were randomly distributed to visitors to various hotel establishments in Erbil Governorate, and 90 questionnaires were retrieved from them, indicating that the actual number of the sample for this study is (90) samples.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF HOTEL MARKETING IN IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT (STUDY OF A SAMPLE OF TOURISTS IN ERBIL GOVERNORATE)","authors":"Dr. Najm Abdulaali Abbas Aboud Aldaamy","doi":"10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue03-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue03-03","url":null,"abstract":"This study delves into the pivotal role of hotel marketing as an independent variable, sustainable hotel development as a dependent variable, and the interaction of expatriates to form the intellectual and philosophical framework for this study. The study commences with a fundamental question: What is the impact of hotel marketing in implementing sustainable development in hotel institutions in Erbil Governorate? The study aims to achieve the following objectives: to underscore the role of hotel marketing in achieving sustainable hotel development and to illuminate the marketing function as one of the most crucial avenues for implementing sustainable hotel development. (100) questionnaires were randomly distributed to visitors to various hotel establishments in Erbil Governorate, and 90 questionnaires were retrieved from them, indicating that the actual number of the sample for this study is (90) samples.","PeriodicalId":22348,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140382814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.37547/tajpslc/volume06issue03-04
Raji Naseer Dwara
The emergence of the concept of the civil state dates back to the era of the Industrial Revolution in the middle of the eighteenth century, and even now the concept still raises a lot of controversy and differences in views, as some see that the civil state is the opposite of the religious state, while others say that the civil state is not against religion. Rather, it is the opposite of the authoritarian state, regardless of its religious, military, tribal, or sectarian form, and it was a reaction to the tyrannical experience of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. Therefore, it is not correct to project the experience of the Catholic Church and its tyrannical behaviors in Europe onto Islamic law, and Islam does not aim to Building power or a theocratic state. We can say that the religious authority represented by Sayyed Ali al-Sistani, after the year 2003, called for, in its directives, positions and responses, the building of a civil state in Iraq, a state of constitution, law, freedoms, the supremacy of the popular will, and the strengthening of the spirit of citizenship, and although Sayyed al-Sistani did not use the description of the civil state categorically, But the form he wanted for Iraq was completely similar to the concept of a civil state.
{"title":"ISLAMIC THOUGHT AND THE CIVIL STATE A READING OF SAYYED AL-SISTANI’S EXPERIENCE IN IRAQ AFTER 2003","authors":"Raji Naseer Dwara","doi":"10.37547/tajpslc/volume06issue03-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume06issue03-04","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of the concept of the civil state dates back to the era of the Industrial Revolution in the middle of the eighteenth century, and even now the concept still raises a lot of controversy and differences in views, as some see that the civil state is the opposite of the religious state, while others say that the civil state is not against religion. Rather, it is the opposite of the authoritarian state, regardless of its religious, military, tribal, or sectarian form, and it was a reaction to the tyrannical experience of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. Therefore, it is not correct to project the experience of the Catholic Church and its tyrannical behaviors in Europe onto Islamic law, and Islam does not aim to Building power or a theocratic state. We can say that the religious authority represented by Sayyed Ali al-Sistani, after the year 2003, called for, in its directives, positions and responses, the building of a civil state in Iraq, a state of constitution, law, freedoms, the supremacy of the popular will, and the strengthening of the spirit of citizenship, and although Sayyed al-Sistani did not use the description of the civil state categorically, But the form he wanted for Iraq was completely similar to the concept of a civil state.","PeriodicalId":22348,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140383536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue03-04
Anh, Hoang Thanh Phan, Huong, Xuan Vu, Chau, Dang Nguyen
The field of engineering education needs to adapt to the rapid advancements in technology and the increasing complexity of modern systems. This necessitates a shift towards more interdisciplinary approaches. In this study, we assess the impact of integrating elements from computer science, materials science, and design into traditional mechanical and electrical electronics curricula. We employ a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative assessment of student performance with qualitative analysis of student experiences. Our goal is to examine the potential benefits and challenges of interdisciplinary learning in this particular domain. The results of our study indicate that interdisciplinary approaches can have a positive impact on students' problem-solving abilities. Furthermore, these approaches can foster creativity and better prepare students for the multifaceted demands of the industry. However, we also identified several challenges that need to be addressed in order to effectively implement interdisciplinary education. These challenges include curriculum design, resource allocation, and faculty expertise. Overall, our research contributes to the ongoing discourse on interdisciplinary education. It provides valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and industry stakeholders who are interested in cultivating a versatile and adaptable workforce. Such a workforce would be capable of addressing the complex technological challenges that arise in today's world. In conclusion, as technology continues to advance at a rapid pace, it is crucial for engineering education to embrace interdisciplinary approaches. By integrating elements from various disciplines, such as computer science, materials science, and design, we can enhance students' problem-solving abilities and prepare them for the demands of the industry. However, it is important to address the challenges associated with interdisciplinary education in order to ensure its effective implementation and maximize its benefits.
{"title":"EVALUATING THE INFLUENCE OF INCORPORATING COMPUTER SCIENCE, MATERIALS SCIENCE, AND DESIGN IN MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS EDUCATION THROUGH INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACHES","authors":"Anh, Hoang Thanh Phan, Huong, Xuan Vu, Chau, Dang Nguyen","doi":"10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue03-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue03-04","url":null,"abstract":"The field of engineering education needs to adapt to the rapid advancements in technology and the increasing complexity of modern systems. This necessitates a shift towards more interdisciplinary approaches. In this study, we assess the impact of integrating elements from computer science, materials science, and design into traditional mechanical and electrical electronics curricula. We employ a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative assessment of student performance with qualitative analysis of student experiences. Our goal is to examine the potential benefits and challenges of interdisciplinary learning in this particular domain. The results of our study indicate that interdisciplinary approaches can have a positive impact on students' problem-solving abilities. Furthermore, these approaches can foster creativity and better prepare students for the multifaceted demands of the industry. However, we also identified several challenges that need to be addressed in order to effectively implement interdisciplinary education. These challenges include curriculum design, resource allocation, and faculty expertise. Overall, our research contributes to the ongoing discourse on interdisciplinary education. It provides valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and industry stakeholders who are interested in cultivating a versatile and adaptable workforce. Such a workforce would be capable of addressing the complex technological challenges that arise in today's world. In conclusion, as technology continues to advance at a rapid pace, it is crucial for engineering education to embrace interdisciplinary approaches. By integrating elements from various disciplines, such as computer science, materials science, and design, we can enhance students' problem-solving abilities and prepare them for the demands of the industry. However, it is important to address the challenges associated with interdisciplinary education in order to ensure its effective implementation and maximize its benefits.","PeriodicalId":22348,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140402134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue02-03
Madina Rakhmat kizi Kurbanova
The article explores the multifaceted concept of «Motherland» in 19th century Russian poetry. It delves into how this concept is interwoven with the era’s socio-political, cultural discourses, and national identity, through a comprehensive literature review, theoretical framework, and mixed-methods approach. The study examines poets like Pushkin, Lermontov, Tyutchev, and Nekrasov, highlighting their diverse thematic representations of Motherland, from reverence to critique. It underscores poetry’s role in shaping Russian national consciousness and cultural memory, offering new insights into the complex dynamics of identity formation and the symbolic geography of Russia.
{"title":"CONCEPTUALIZING «MOTHERLAND» IN 19TH CENTURY RUSSIAN POETRY","authors":"Madina Rakhmat kizi Kurbanova","doi":"10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue02-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue02-03","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the multifaceted concept of «Motherland» in 19th century Russian poetry. It delves into how this concept is interwoven with the era’s socio-political, cultural discourses, and national identity, through a comprehensive literature review, theoretical framework, and mixed-methods approach. The study examines poets like Pushkin, Lermontov, Tyutchev, and Nekrasov, highlighting their diverse thematic representations of Motherland, from reverence to critique. It underscores poetry’s role in shaping Russian national consciousness and cultural memory, offering new insights into the complex dynamics of identity formation and the symbolic geography of Russia.","PeriodicalId":22348,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140465908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue01-11
Abbas Ghadhban Alamarh, Hameed Jassem Alwin, Ammar Ali Hussein
The current research tests the correlation and influence between knowledge management and modern information technology. The problem of the present study was the extent of the role of knowledge management in light of modern information technology at Al-Mustaqbal National University. The questionnaire form was used to collect data, the research sample was distributed, and the data was analyzed using the (SPSS) program. Several statistical methods were used to test the research hypotheses. The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which was (the relationship or no relationship) between knowledge management and modern information technology, and ended with a set of appropriate recommendations.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF APPLYING KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IN LIGHT OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY","authors":"Abbas Ghadhban Alamarh, Hameed Jassem Alwin, Ammar Ali Hussein","doi":"10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue01-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue01-11","url":null,"abstract":"The current research tests the correlation and influence between knowledge management and modern information technology. The problem of the present study was the extent of the role of knowledge management in light of modern information technology at Al-Mustaqbal National University. The questionnaire form was used to collect data, the research sample was distributed, and the data was analyzed using the (SPSS) program. Several statistical methods were used to test the research hypotheses. The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which was (the relationship or no relationship) between knowledge management and modern information technology, and ended with a set of appropriate recommendations.","PeriodicalId":22348,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue01-10
Dr. Najm Abdulaali Abbas Aboud Aldaamy
Hotel marketing is the basis for promoting any hotel service, and it is the reason for the success of the hotel’s establishment and the tremendous increase in its monthly profit returns for the hotel owners, as well as the rise in revenues allocated to the hotel itself. After developing the hotel marketing method, most hotels do their work via the Internet (e-marketing). This method makes many of its steps easier for them and produces excellent profits for the hotel without any problem or error in the same hotel marketing system. By entering the hotel marketing website, it also makes it very easy for guests and tourists, especially when they arrive at the places they want to go to. The payment process is electronic for each hotel and booking what they receive from it. Without having to go to the hotel more than once, knowing what the guests and tourists need from hotel marketing and providing them with all means of comfort and safety when starting the marketing process is essential.
{"title":"EMPLOYING ELECTRONIC ADVERTISING IN HOTEL MARKETING AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE CONTENT OF TOURISM ADVERTISEMENTS PUBLISHED ELECTRONICALLY","authors":"Dr. Najm Abdulaali Abbas Aboud Aldaamy","doi":"10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue01-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue01-10","url":null,"abstract":"Hotel marketing is the basis for promoting any hotel service, and it is the reason for the success of the hotel’s establishment and the tremendous increase in its monthly profit returns for the hotel owners, as well as the rise in revenues allocated to the hotel itself. After developing the hotel marketing method, most hotels do their work via the Internet (e-marketing). This method makes many of its steps easier for them and produces excellent profits for the hotel without any problem or error in the same hotel marketing system. By entering the hotel marketing website, it also makes it very easy for guests and tourists, especially when they arrive at the places they want to go to. The payment process is electronic for each hotel and booking what they receive from it. Without having to go to the hotel more than once, knowing what the guests and tourists need from hotel marketing and providing them with all means of comfort and safety when starting the marketing process is essential.","PeriodicalId":22348,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue01-12
Mustafa Abdel Samad Khayoun
The contemporary world is witnessing critical economic developments on multiple levels. International productive integration began as a result of the scientific and technological revolution. There is a growing role of some international institutions such as the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Economic blocs such as the European Union, ASEAN, and NAFTA exist. These developments constitute tributaries that favor globalization, representing the general picture of the current global economy, which is led by advanced capitalist economies.
{"title":"THE ROLE OF PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT IN THE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT OF NAJAF GOVERNORATE","authors":"Mustafa Abdel Samad Khayoun","doi":"10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue01-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume06issue01-12","url":null,"abstract":"The contemporary world is witnessing critical economic developments on multiple levels. International productive integration began as a result of the scientific and technological revolution. There is a growing role of some international institutions such as the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Economic blocs such as the European Union, ASEAN, and NAFTA exist. These developments constitute tributaries that favor globalization, representing the general picture of the current global economy, which is led by advanced capitalist economies.","PeriodicalId":22348,"journal":{"name":"The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139595952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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