Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ad53c4
H. Y. Zhang, Y. Yu, R. C. Qiao, D. Yan, X. Cheng, K. Tang and Y. D. Mao
A total of 10,339 positions of the five major Uranian satellites (Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon and Miranda) were collected at the Yunnan Observatories from 2013 to 2020 with the 1.0 m astrometric reflector. A median filtering method was applied to reduce the influence of the bright Uranus halo. All CCD observational data was analyzed by the newly developed CCD image-processing software with Gaia DR3 as the reference catalog. The impact of different exposure times on satellite positioning accuracy was evaluated. The observational positions of satellites were compared with theoretical positions from Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides (DE441 and Lainey et al. 2015) and the mean offsets are from −0.″115 to 0.″103 in both R.A. and decl. for the five satellites. The standard deviation of the offsets are from 0.″008 to 0.″086 for the four greatest Uranian satellites and from 0.″037 to 0.″132 for Miranda in each direction. These precise observations of the five major Uranian satellites over an 8 yr period will be very useful for improving the orbital parameters of both Uranus and its five major satellites.
云南天文台从 2013 年到 2020 年利用 1.0 米天体反射望远镜共收集了 10339 个天王星五颗主要卫星（艾瑞尔星、翁布瑞尔星、泰坦尼娅星、奥伯龙星和米兰达星）的位置。采用了中值滤波方法来减少天王星亮晕的影响。所有CCD观测数据均由新开发的CCD图像处理软件以Gaia DR3为参考星表进行分析。评估了不同曝光时间对卫星定位精度的影响。卫星的观测位置与 Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides (DE441 and Lainey et al. 2015) 的理论位置进行了比较，五颗卫星的平均偏差在 R.A.和 decl. 范围内从-0.″115 到 0.″103。天王星四颗最大卫星偏移量的标准偏差为 0.″008 至 0.″086 ，米兰达卫星偏移量的标准偏差为 0.″037 至 0.″132 。这些对天王星五颗主要卫星长达 8 年的精确观测将对改进天王星及其五颗主要卫星的轨道参数非常有用。
{"title":"Observations of Five Major Uranian Satellites during 2013–2020 Based on Gaia DR3","authors":"H. Y. Zhang, Y. Yu, R. C. Qiao, D. Yan, X. Cheng, K. Tang and Y. D. Mao","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad53c4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad53c4","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 10,339 positions of the five major Uranian satellites (Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, Oberon and Miranda) were collected at the Yunnan Observatories from 2013 to 2020 with the 1.0 m astrometric reflector. A median filtering method was applied to reduce the influence of the bright Uranus halo. All CCD observational data was analyzed by the newly developed CCD image-processing software with Gaia DR3 as the reference catalog. The impact of different exposure times on satellite positioning accuracy was evaluated. The observational positions of satellites were compared with theoretical positions from Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides (DE441 and Lainey et al. 2015) and the mean offsets are from −0.″115 to 0.″103 in both R.A. and decl. for the five satellites. The standard deviation of the offsets are from 0.″008 to 0.″086 for the four greatest Uranian satellites and from 0.″037 to 0.″132 for Miranda in each direction. These precise observations of the five major Uranian satellites over an 8 yr period will be very useful for improving the orbital parameters of both Uranus and its five major satellites.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141782177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ad50a0
Rahul Datta, Michael K. Brewer, Jullianna Denes Couto, Joseph Eimer, Yunyang Li, 云炀 李, Zhilei Xu, 智磊 徐, Aamir Ali, John W. Appel, Charles L. Bennett, Ricardo Bustos, David T. Chuss, Joseph Cleary, Sumit Dahal, Francisco Raul Javier Espinoza Inostroza, Thomas Essinger-Hileman, Pedro Fluxá, Kathleen Harrington, Kyle Helson, Jeffrey Iuliano, John Karakla, Tobias A. Marriage, Sasha Novack, Carolina Núñez, Ivan L. Padilla, Lucas Parker, Matthew A. Petroff, Rodrigo Reeves, Karwan Rostem, Rui Shi, 瑞 时, Deniz A. N. Valle, Duncan J. Watts, Janet L. Weiland, Edward J. Wollack and Lingzhen Zeng
The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) is a telescope array that observes the cosmic microwave background (CMB) over ∼75% of the sky from the Atacama Desert, Chile, at frequency bands centered near 40, 90, 150, and 220 GHz. CLASS measures the large angular scale CMB polarization to constrain the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the optical depth to last scattering. This paper presents the optical characterization of the 90 GHz telescope. Observations of the Moon establish the pointing while dedicated observations of Jupiter are used for beam calibration. The standard deviations of the pointing error in azimuth, elevation, and boresight angle are 1.′3, 2.′1, and 2.′0, respectively, over the first 3 yr of observations. This corresponds to a pointing uncertainty ∼7% of the beam’s full width at half-maximum (FWHM). The effective azimuthally symmetrized instrument 1D beam estimated at 90 GHz has an FWHM of 0.°620 ± 0.°003 and a solid angle of 138.7 ± 0.6(stats.) ± 1.1(sys.) μsr integrated to a radius of 4°. The corresponding beam window function drops to at ℓ = 30, 100, 300, respectively. Far-sidelobes are studied using detector-centered intensity maps of the Moon and measured to be at a level of 10−3 or below relative to the peak. The polarization angle of Tau A estimated from preliminary survey maps is 149°.6 ± 0°.2(stats.) in equatorial coordinates. The instrumental temperature-to-polarization (T → P) leakage fraction, inferred from per-detector demodulated Jupiter scan data, has a monopole component at the level of 1.7 × 10−3, a dipole component with an amplitude of 4.3 × 10−3, with no evidence of quadrupolar leakage.
{"title":"Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS): 90 GHz Telescope Pointing, Beam Profile, Window Function, and Polarization Performance","authors":"Rahul Datta, Michael K. Brewer, Jullianna Denes Couto, Joseph Eimer, Yunyang Li, 云炀 李, Zhilei Xu, 智磊 徐, Aamir Ali, John W. Appel, Charles L. Bennett, Ricardo Bustos, David T. Chuss, Joseph Cleary, Sumit Dahal, Francisco Raul Javier Espinoza Inostroza, Thomas Essinger-Hileman, Pedro Fluxá, Kathleen Harrington, Kyle Helson, Jeffrey Iuliano, John Karakla, Tobias A. Marriage, Sasha Novack, Carolina Núñez, Ivan L. Padilla, Lucas Parker, Matthew A. Petroff, Rodrigo Reeves, Karwan Rostem, Rui Shi, 瑞 时, Deniz A. N. Valle, Duncan J. Watts, Janet L. Weiland, Edward J. Wollack and Lingzhen Zeng","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad50a0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad50a0","url":null,"abstract":"The Cosmology Large Angular Scale Surveyor (CLASS) is a telescope array that observes the cosmic microwave background (CMB) over ∼75% of the sky from the Atacama Desert, Chile, at frequency bands centered near 40, 90, 150, and 220 GHz. CLASS measures the large angular scale CMB polarization to constrain the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the optical depth to last scattering. This paper presents the optical characterization of the 90 GHz telescope. Observations of the Moon establish the pointing while dedicated observations of Jupiter are used for beam calibration. The standard deviations of the pointing error in azimuth, elevation, and boresight angle are 1.′3, 2.′1, and 2.′0, respectively, over the first 3 yr of observations. This corresponds to a pointing uncertainty ∼7% of the beam’s full width at half-maximum (FWHM). The effective azimuthally symmetrized instrument 1D beam estimated at 90 GHz has an FWHM of 0.°620 ± 0.°003 and a solid angle of 138.7 ± 0.6(stats.) ± 1.1(sys.) μsr integrated to a radius of 4°. The corresponding beam window function drops to at ℓ = 30, 100, 300, respectively. Far-sidelobes are studied using detector-centered intensity maps of the Moon and measured to be at a level of 10−3 or below relative to the peak. The polarization angle of Tau A estimated from preliminary survey maps is 149°.6 ± 0°.2(stats.) in equatorial coordinates. The instrumental temperature-to-polarization (T → P) leakage fraction, inferred from per-detector demodulated Jupiter scan data, has a monopole component at the level of 1.7 × 10−3, a dipole component with an amplitude of 4.3 × 10−3, with no evidence of quadrupolar leakage.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141782176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ad530f
Rutger van Haasteren
Pulsar timing array (PTA) projects have found evidence of a stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWB) using data from an ensemble of pulsars. In the literature, minimal assumptions are made about the signal and noise processes that affect data from these pulsars, such as pulsar spin noise. These assumptions are encoded as uninformative priors in Bayesian searches, though frequentist approaches make similar assumptions. Uninformative priors are not suitable for (noise) properties of pulsars in an ensemble, and they bias estimates of model parameters such as gravitational-wave signal parameters. Both frequentist and Bayesian searches are affected. In this article, more appropriate priors are proposed in the language of hierarchical Bayesian modeling, where the properties of the ensemble of pulsars are jointly described with the properties of the individual components of the ensemble. Results by PTA projects should be reevaluated using hierarchical models.
{"title":"Pulsar Timing Arrays Require Hierarchical Models","authors":"Rutger van Haasteren","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad530f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad530f","url":null,"abstract":"Pulsar timing array (PTA) projects have found evidence of a stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWB) using data from an ensemble of pulsars. In the literature, minimal assumptions are made about the signal and noise processes that affect data from these pulsars, such as pulsar spin noise. These assumptions are encoded as uninformative priors in Bayesian searches, though frequentist approaches make similar assumptions. Uninformative priors are not suitable for (noise) properties of pulsars in an ensemble, and they bias estimates of model parameters such as gravitational-wave signal parameters. Both frequentist and Bayesian searches are affected. In this article, more appropriate priors are proposed in the language of hierarchical Bayesian modeling, where the properties of the ensemble of pulsars are jointly described with the properties of the individual components of the ensemble. Results by PTA projects should be reevaluated using hierarchical models.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141782180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ad58df
Jessica Werk, Kirill Tchernyshyov, Hannah Bish, Yong Zheng, Mary Putman, Joshua Peek and David Schiminovich
We present a sample of 305 QSO candidates having ∣b∣ < 30°, the majority with GALEX magnitudes near-UV < 18.75. To generate this sample, we apply UV–IR color selection criteria to photometric data from the Ultraviolet Galactic Plane Survey as part of GALEX-CAUSE, the Million Quasars Catalog, Gaia DR2, and Pan-STARRS DR1. 165 of these 305 candidate UV-bright active galactic nuclei (AGN; 54%) have published spectroscopic redshifts from 45 different surveys, confirming them as AGN. We further obtained low-dispersion, optical, long-slit spectra with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m, MDM 2.4 m, and MDM 1.3 m telescopes for 84 of the candidates, and confirm 86% (N = 72) as AGN, generally with z < 0.6. Of these 72 confirmed AGN, 25 are newly discovered low-latitude QSOs without any previous spectroscopy. These sources fill a gap in the Galactic latitude coverage of the available samples of known UV-bright QSO background probes. Along with a description of the confirmed QSO properties, we provide the fully reduced, flux- and wavelength-calibrated spectra of 72 low-latitude QSOs through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes. Future Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph spectroscopy of these low-Galactic-latitude QSOs has the potential to transform our view of the Milky Way and Local Group circumgalactic medium.
{"title":"The Plane Quasar Survey: First Data Release","authors":"Jessica Werk, Kirill Tchernyshyov, Hannah Bish, Yong Zheng, Mary Putman, Joshua Peek and David Schiminovich","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad58df","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad58df","url":null,"abstract":"We present a sample of 305 QSO candidates having ∣b∣ < 30°, the majority with GALEX magnitudes near-UV < 18.75. To generate this sample, we apply UV–IR color selection criteria to photometric data from the Ultraviolet Galactic Plane Survey as part of GALEX-CAUSE, the Million Quasars Catalog, Gaia DR2, and Pan-STARRS DR1. 165 of these 305 candidate UV-bright active galactic nuclei (AGN; 54%) have published spectroscopic redshifts from 45 different surveys, confirming them as AGN. We further obtained low-dispersion, optical, long-slit spectra with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m, MDM 2.4 m, and MDM 1.3 m telescopes for 84 of the candidates, and confirm 86% (N = 72) as AGN, generally with z < 0.6. Of these 72 confirmed AGN, 25 are newly discovered low-latitude QSOs without any previous spectroscopy. These sources fill a gap in the Galactic latitude coverage of the available samples of known UV-bright QSO background probes. Along with a description of the confirmed QSO properties, we provide the fully reduced, flux- and wavelength-calibrated spectra of 72 low-latitude QSOs through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes. Future Hubble Space Telescope/Cosmic Origins Spectrograph spectroscopy of these low-Galactic-latitude QSOs has the potential to transform our view of the Milky Way and Local Group circumgalactic medium.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ad566e
Rima Stonkutė and Vladas Vansevičius
We have surveyed the complete extent of the disk of M33—a gas-rich low-mass dwarf spiral galaxy in the Local Group. The B-, V-, and I-passband (the Johnson–Cousins system) CCD images (typical seeing ∼0.″8) were obtained with the Subaru Telescope equipped with the Suprime-Cam mosaic camera. The wide-field (∼1.°0 × 1.°5) catalog of 803,095 (15 ≤ V ≤ 25) starlike objects, measured using the point-spread function and aperture photometry techniques, is presented. We determined the distance modulus of M33 using the tip of the red giant branch (ITRGB = 20.64 ± 0.02) as a reference point of (m − M)0 = 24.63 ± 0.02stat ± 0.06syst (843 kpc). We found young (≲100 Myr) stellar populations residing up to the deprojected radius of ∼10 kpc. The scale length of the young main-sequence (MS) star surface-number density in the range of radial distances from 7 to 9 kpc is 0.53 ± 0.03 kpc. The youngest MS stars (≲15 Myr) reside up to the radius of ∼8 kpc. This distribution of stellar populations may suggest an outside-in scenario of recent star formation in the disk of M33.
{"title":"Subaru Suprime-Cam Wide-field BVI Stellar Photometry of the M33 Galaxy","authors":"Rima Stonkutė and Vladas Vansevičius","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad566e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad566e","url":null,"abstract":"We have surveyed the complete extent of the disk of M33—a gas-rich low-mass dwarf spiral galaxy in the Local Group. The B-, V-, and I-passband (the Johnson–Cousins system) CCD images (typical seeing ∼0.″8) were obtained with the Subaru Telescope equipped with the Suprime-Cam mosaic camera. The wide-field (∼1.°0 × 1.°5) catalog of 803,095 (15 ≤ V ≤ 25) starlike objects, measured using the point-spread function and aperture photometry techniques, is presented. We determined the distance modulus of M33 using the tip of the red giant branch (ITRGB = 20.64 ± 0.02) as a reference point of (m − M)0 = 24.63 ± 0.02stat ± 0.06syst (843 kpc). We found young (≲100 Myr) stellar populations residing up to the deprojected radius of ∼10 kpc. The scale length of the young main-sequence (MS) star surface-number density in the range of radial distances from 7 to 9 kpc is 0.53 ± 0.03 kpc. The youngest MS stars (≲15 Myr) reside up to the radius of ∼8 kpc. This distribution of stellar populations may suggest an outside-in scenario of recent star formation in the disk of M33.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141782181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ad4a71
Claire L. Greenwell, Lizelke Klindt, George B. Lansbury, David J. Rosario, David M. Alexander, James Aird, Daniel Stern, Karl Forster, Michael J. Koss, Franz E. Bauer, Claudio Ricci, John Tomsick, William N. Brandt, Thomas Connor, Peter G. Boorman, Adlyka Annuar, David R. Ballantyne, Chien-Ting Chen, Francesca Civano, Andrea Comastri, Victoria A. Fawcett, Francesca M. Fornasini, Poshak Gandhi, Fiona Harrison, Marianne Heida, Ryan Hickox, Elias S. Kammoun, Lauranne Lanz, Stefano Marchesi, Gaël Noirot, Encarni Romero-Colmenero, Ezequiel Treister, C. Megan Urry, Petri Väisänen and Brian van Soelen
We present a catalog of hard X-ray serendipitous sources detected in the first 80 months of observations by the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR). The NuSTAR serendipitous survey 80 month (NSS80) catalog has an unprecedented ∼62 Ms of effective exposure time over 894 unique fields (a factor of 3 increase over the 40 month catalog, NSS40), with an areal coverage of ∼36 deg2, larger than all NuSTAR extragalactic surveys. NSS80 provides 1274 hard X-ray sources in the 3−24 keV band (822 new detections compared to the previous NSS40). Approximately 76% of the NuSTAR sources have lower-energy (<10 keV) X-ray counterparts from Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Swift-XRT. We have undertaken an extensive campaign of ground-based spectroscopic follow-up to obtain new source redshifts and classifications for 427 sources. Combining these with existing archival spectroscopy provides redshifts for 550 NSS80 sources, of which 547 are classified. The sample is primarily composed of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), detected over a large range in redshift (z = 0.012–3.43), but also includes 58 spectroscopically confirmed Galactic sources. In addition, five AGN–galaxy pairs, one dual AGN system, one BL Lac candidate, and a hotspot of 4C 74.26 (radio quasar) have been identified. The median rest-frame 10−40 keV luminosity and redshift of NSS80 are 〈L10−40 keV〉 = 1.2 × 1044 erg s−1 and 〈z〉 = 0.56. We investigate the optical properties and construct composite optical spectra to search for subtle signatures not present in the individual spectra, finding an excess of redder BL AGNs compared to optical quasar surveys, predominantly due to the presence of the host galaxy and, at least in part, due to dust obscuration.
{"title":"The NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey: The 80 Month Catalog and Source Properties of the High-energy Emitting Active Galactic Nucleus and Quasar Population","authors":"Claire L. Greenwell, Lizelke Klindt, George B. Lansbury, David J. Rosario, David M. Alexander, James Aird, Daniel Stern, Karl Forster, Michael J. Koss, Franz E. Bauer, Claudio Ricci, John Tomsick, William N. Brandt, Thomas Connor, Peter G. Boorman, Adlyka Annuar, David R. Ballantyne, Chien-Ting Chen, Francesca Civano, Andrea Comastri, Victoria A. Fawcett, Francesca M. Fornasini, Poshak Gandhi, Fiona Harrison, Marianne Heida, Ryan Hickox, Elias S. Kammoun, Lauranne Lanz, Stefano Marchesi, Gaël Noirot, Encarni Romero-Colmenero, Ezequiel Treister, C. Megan Urry, Petri Väisänen and Brian van Soelen","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad4a71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad4a71","url":null,"abstract":"We present a catalog of hard X-ray serendipitous sources detected in the first 80 months of observations by the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR). The NuSTAR serendipitous survey 80 month (NSS80) catalog has an unprecedented ∼62 Ms of effective exposure time over 894 unique fields (a factor of 3 increase over the 40 month catalog, NSS40), with an areal coverage of ∼36 deg2, larger than all NuSTAR extragalactic surveys. NSS80 provides 1274 hard X-ray sources in the 3−24 keV band (822 new detections compared to the previous NSS40). Approximately 76% of the NuSTAR sources have lower-energy (<10 keV) X-ray counterparts from Chandra, XMM-Newton, and Swift-XRT. We have undertaken an extensive campaign of ground-based spectroscopic follow-up to obtain new source redshifts and classifications for 427 sources. Combining these with existing archival spectroscopy provides redshifts for 550 NSS80 sources, of which 547 are classified. The sample is primarily composed of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), detected over a large range in redshift (z = 0.012–3.43), but also includes 58 spectroscopically confirmed Galactic sources. In addition, five AGN–galaxy pairs, one dual AGN system, one BL Lac candidate, and a hotspot of 4C 74.26 (radio quasar) have been identified. The median rest-frame 10−40 keV luminosity and redshift of NSS80 are 〈L10−40 keV〉 = 1.2 × 1044 erg s−1 and 〈z〉 = 0.56. We investigate the optical properties and construct composite optical spectra to search for subtle signatures not present in the individual spectra, finding an excess of redder BL AGNs compared to optical quasar surveys, predominantly due to the presence of the host galaxy and, at least in part, due to dust obscuration.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141782179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ad51dd
Meng Zhang, Maosheng Xiang, Yuan-Sen Ting, Jiahui Wang, Haining Li, Hu Zou, Jundan Nie, Lanya Mou, Tianmin Wu, Yaqian Wu and Jifeng Liu
Stellar abundances for a large number of stars provide key information for the study of Galactic formation history. Large spectroscopic surveys such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) and LAMOST take median-to-low-resolution (R ≲ 5000) spectra in the full optical wavelength range for millions of stars. However, the line-blending effect in these spectra causes great challenges for elemental abundance determination. Here we employ DD-Payne, a data-driven method regularized by differential spectra from stellar physical models, to the DESI early data release spectra for stellar abundance determination. Our implementation delivers 15 labels, including effective temperature Teff, surface gravity , microturbulence velocity vmic, and the abundances for 12 individual elements, namely C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni. Given a spectral signal-to-noise ratio of 100 per pixel, the internal precisions of the label estimates are about 20 K for Teff, 0.05 dex for , and 0.05 dex for most elemental abundances. These results agree with the theoretical limits from the Crámer–Rao bound calculation within a factor of 2. The majority of the accreted halo stars contributed by the Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage are discernible from the disk and in situ halo populations in the resultant [Mg/Fe]–[Fe/H] and [Al/Fe]–[Fe/H] abundance spaces. We also provide distance and orbital parameters for the sample stars, which spread over a distance out to ∼100 kpc. The DESI sample has a significantly higher fraction of distant (or metal-poor) stars than the other existing spectroscopic surveys, making it a powerful data set for studying the Galactic outskirts. The catalog is publicly available.
{"title":"Determining Stellar Elemental Abundances from DESI Spectra with the Data-driven Payne","authors":"Meng Zhang, Maosheng Xiang, Yuan-Sen Ting, Jiahui Wang, Haining Li, Hu Zou, Jundan Nie, Lanya Mou, Tianmin Wu, Yaqian Wu and Jifeng Liu","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad51dd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad51dd","url":null,"abstract":"Stellar abundances for a large number of stars provide key information for the study of Galactic formation history. Large spectroscopic surveys such as the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) and LAMOST take median-to-low-resolution (R ≲ 5000) spectra in the full optical wavelength range for millions of stars. However, the line-blending effect in these spectra causes great challenges for elemental abundance determination. Here we employ DD-Payne, a data-driven method regularized by differential spectra from stellar physical models, to the DESI early data release spectra for stellar abundance determination. Our implementation delivers 15 labels, including effective temperature Teff, surface gravity , microturbulence velocity vmic, and the abundances for 12 individual elements, namely C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni. Given a spectral signal-to-noise ratio of 100 per pixel, the internal precisions of the label estimates are about 20 K for Teff, 0.05 dex for , and 0.05 dex for most elemental abundances. These results agree with the theoretical limits from the Crámer–Rao bound calculation within a factor of 2. The majority of the accreted halo stars contributed by the Gaia–Enceladus–Sausage are discernible from the disk and in situ halo populations in the resultant [Mg/Fe]–[Fe/H] and [Al/Fe]–[Fe/H] abundance spaces. We also provide distance and orbital parameters for the sample stars, which spread over a distance out to ∼100 kpc. The DESI sample has a significantly higher fraction of distant (or metal-poor) stars than the other existing spectroscopic surveys, making it a powerful data set for studying the Galactic outskirts. The catalog is publicly available.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141719786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) has obtained more than 23 million spectra, opening an unprecedented opportunity to study stellar physics, as well as the formation and evolution of our Milky Way. In order to obtain the accurate stellar parameters, we develop a LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectral Analysis Pipeline (LAMA), which estimates the stellar parameters from the LAMOST medium-resolution spectra, including the effective temperature (T eff), surface gravity ( log g ), metallicity ([Fe/H]), radial velocity, and rotational velocity ( v sin i ). LAMA estimates these parameters utilizing the template-matching method. The comparison between our results and those from the high-resolution ones, including APOGEE, GALAH, and PASTEL, shows no obvious bias, indicating the reliability of our results. The accuracy of T eff and [Fe/H] can reach 75 K and 0.12 dex, respectively, for the LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey (MRS) spectra with a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 10. For dwarfs, the uncertainty of log g is around 0.17 dex, while, for giants, it ranges from 0.18 to 0.30 dex, with the errors decreasing as log g increases. Using LAMA for the LAMOST-MRS spectra, we estimate the stellar parameters of 497,412 stars. This sample will be very helpful for investigating the formation and evolution of our Galaxy.
大天区多目标光纤光谱望远镜（LAMOST）已经获得了超过2300万个光谱，为研究恒星物理学以及银河系的形成和演化提供了前所未有的机会。为了获得准确的恒星参数，我们开发了一个 LAMOST 中分辨率光谱分析管道（LAMA），它可以根据 LAMOST 中分辨率光谱估算恒星参数，包括有效温度（T eff）、表面引力（log g）、金属性（[Fe/H]）、径向速度和旋转速度（v sin i）。LAMA 利用模板匹配法估算了这些参数。将我们的结果与 APOGEE、GALAH 和 PASTEL 等高分辨率的结果进行比较，没有发现明显的偏差，说明我们的结果是可靠的。对于信噪比大于10的LAMOST中分辨率光谱巡天（MRS）光谱，T eff和[Fe/H]的精度分别可以达到75 K和0.12 dex。对于矮星，log g 的不确定性约为 0.17 dex，而对于巨星，其不确定性在 0.18 至 0.30 dex 之间，误差随着 log g 的增大而减小。利用 LAMA 分析 LAMOST-MRS 光谱，我们估算出了 497,412 颗恒星的恒星参数。这个样本对研究我们银河系的形成和演化非常有帮助。
{"title":"LAMA: LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectral Analysis Pipeline","authors":"Chun-qian Li, Jian-rong Shi, Hong-liang Yan, Zhong-rui Bai, Jiang-tao Wang, M. Ding","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad5002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad5002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) has obtained more than 23 million spectra, opening an unprecedented opportunity to study stellar physics, as well as the formation and evolution of our Milky Way. In order to obtain the accurate stellar parameters, we develop a LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectral Analysis Pipeline (LAMA), which estimates the stellar parameters from the LAMOST medium-resolution spectra, including the effective temperature (T\u0000 eff), surface gravity (\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000 log\u0000 g\u0000 \u0000 ), metallicity ([Fe/H]), radial velocity, and rotational velocity (\u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000 v\u0000 sin\u0000 i\u0000 \u0000 ). LAMA estimates these parameters utilizing the template-matching method. The comparison between our results and those from the high-resolution ones, including APOGEE, GALAH, and PASTEL, shows no obvious bias, indicating the reliability of our results. The accuracy of T\u0000 eff and [Fe/H] can reach 75 K and 0.12 dex, respectively, for the LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey (MRS) spectra with a signal-to-noise ratio higher than 10. For dwarfs, the uncertainty of \u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000 log\u0000 g\u0000 \u0000 is around 0.17 dex, while, for giants, it ranges from 0.18 to 0.30 dex, with the errors decreasing as \u0000 \u0000\u0000\u0000 \u0000 log\u0000 g\u0000 \u0000 increases. Using LAMA for the LAMOST-MRS spectra, we estimate the stellar parameters of 497,412 stars. This sample will be very helpful for investigating the formation and evolution of our Galaxy.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"1 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ad4d9d
Hao Wang, 灏 王, Ranadeep G. Dastidar, Dimitrios Giannios and Paul C. Duffell
Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows are emissions from ultrarelativistic blast waves produced by a narrow jet interacting with surrounding matter. Since the first multimessenger observation of a neutron star merger, hydrodynamic modeling of GRB afterglows for structured jets with smoothly varying angular energy distributions has gained increased interest. While the evolution of a jet is well described by self-similar solutions in both ultrarelativistic and Newtonian limits, modeling the transitional phase remains challenging. This is due to the nonlinear spreading of a narrow jet to a spherical configuration and the breakdown of self-similar solutions. Analytical models are limited in capturing these nonlinear effects, while relativistic hydrodynamic simulations are computationally expensive, which restricts the exploration of various initial conditions. In this work, we introduce a reduced hydrodynamic model that approximates the blast wave as an infinitely thin two-dimensional surface. Further assuming axial symmetry, this model simplifies the simulation to one dimension and drastically reduces the computational costs. We have compared our modeling to relativistic hydrodynamic simulations and semianalytic methods, and applied it to fit the light curve and flux centroid motion of GRB 170817A. These comparisons demonstrate good agreement and validate our approach. We have developed this method into a numerical tool, jetsimpy, which models the synchrotron GRB afterglow emission from a blast wave with arbitrary angular energy and Lorentz factor distribution. Although the code is built with GRB afterglow in mind, it applies to any relativistic jet. This tool is particularly useful in Markov Chain Monte Carlo studies and is provided to the community.
伽马射线暴（GRB）余辉是由狭窄射流与周围物质相互作用产生的超相对论爆炸波发射出来的。自从首次对中子星合并进行多信使观测以来，人们对具有平滑变化角能分布的结构喷流的伽马射线暴余辉的流体动力学建模越来越感兴趣。虽然在超相对论和牛顿极限中，喷流的演化都可以用自相似解很好地描述，但过渡阶段的建模仍然具有挑战性。这是由于狭窄射流向球形构型的非线性扩展以及自相似解的崩溃。分析模型在捕捉这些非线性效应方面受到限制，而相对论流体力学模拟计算成本高昂，限制了对各种初始条件的探索。在这项工作中，我们引入了一个简化的流体力学模型，将冲击波近似为一个无限薄的二维表面。进一步假设轴对称，该模型将模拟简化为一维，并大大降低了计算成本。我们将我们的模型与相对论流体力学模拟和半解析方法进行了比较，并将其用于拟合 GRB 170817A 的光曲线和通量中心运动。这些比较显示了良好的一致性，并验证了我们的方法。我们将这一方法开发成了一个数值工具--jetsimpy，它可以模拟来自具有任意角能量和洛伦兹因子分布的爆炸波的同步辐射GRB余辉发射。虽然该代码是针对古雷暴后辉建立的，但它适用于任何相对论射流。该工具在马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛研究中特别有用，现向社会提供。
{"title":"jetsimpy: A Highly Efficient Hydrodynamic Code for Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglow","authors":"Hao Wang, 灏 王, Ranadeep G. Dastidar, Dimitrios Giannios and Paul C. Duffell","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad4d9d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad4d9d","url":null,"abstract":"Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows are emissions from ultrarelativistic blast waves produced by a narrow jet interacting with surrounding matter. Since the first multimessenger observation of a neutron star merger, hydrodynamic modeling of GRB afterglows for structured jets with smoothly varying angular energy distributions has gained increased interest. While the evolution of a jet is well described by self-similar solutions in both ultrarelativistic and Newtonian limits, modeling the transitional phase remains challenging. This is due to the nonlinear spreading of a narrow jet to a spherical configuration and the breakdown of self-similar solutions. Analytical models are limited in capturing these nonlinear effects, while relativistic hydrodynamic simulations are computationally expensive, which restricts the exploration of various initial conditions. In this work, we introduce a reduced hydrodynamic model that approximates the blast wave as an infinitely thin two-dimensional surface. Further assuming axial symmetry, this model simplifies the simulation to one dimension and drastically reduces the computational costs. We have compared our modeling to relativistic hydrodynamic simulations and semianalytic methods, and applied it to fit the light curve and flux centroid motion of GRB 170817A. These comparisons demonstrate good agreement and validate our approach. We have developed this method into a numerical tool, jetsimpy, which models the synchrotron GRB afterglow emission from a blast wave with arbitrary angular energy and Lorentz factor distribution. Although the code is built with GRB afterglow in mind, it applies to any relativistic jet. This tool is particularly useful in Markov Chain Monte Carlo studies and is provided to the community.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141587304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ad4f7e
M. M. Phillips, C. Ashall, Peter J. Brown, L. Galbany, M. A. Tucker, Christopher R. Burns, Carlos Contreras, P. Hoeflich, E. Y. Hsiao, S. Kumar, Nidia Morrell, Syed A. Uddin, E. Baron, Wendy L. Freedman, Kevin Krisciunas, S. E. Persson, Anthony L. Piro, B. J. Shappee, Maximilian Stritzinger, Nicholas B. Suntzeff, Sudeshna Chakraborty, R. P. Kirshner, J. Lu, G. H. Marion, Abigail Polin and M. Shahbandeh
Understanding the nature of the luminous 1991T-like supernovae (SNe) is of great importance to SN cosmology as they are likely to have been more common in the early Universe. In this paper, we explore the observational properties of 1991T-like SNe to study their relationship to other luminous, slow-declining Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). From the spectroscopic and photometric criteria defined in Phillips et al., we identify 17 1991T-like SNe from the literature. Combining these objects with 10 1991T-like SNe from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II, the spectra, light curves, and colors of these events, along with their host galaxy properties, are examined in detail. We conclude that 1991T-like SNe are closely related in essentially all of their UV, optical, and near-infrared properties—as well as their host galaxy parameters—to the slow-declining subset of Branch core-normal SNe and to the intermediate 1999aa-like events, forming a continuum of luminous SNe Ia. The overriding difference between these three subgroups appears to be the extent to which 56Ni mixes into the ejecta, producing the premaximum spectra dominated by Fe iii absorption, the broader UV light curves, and the higher luminosities that characterize the 1991T-like events. Nevertheless, the association of 1991T-like SNe with the rare Type Ia circumstellar material SNe would seem to run counter to this hypothesis, in which case 1991T-like events may form a separate subclass of SNe Ia, possibly arising from single-degenerate progenitor systems.
{"title":"1991T-like Supernovae*","authors":"M. M. Phillips, C. Ashall, Peter J. Brown, L. Galbany, M. A. Tucker, Christopher R. Burns, Carlos Contreras, P. Hoeflich, E. Y. Hsiao, S. Kumar, Nidia Morrell, Syed A. Uddin, E. Baron, Wendy L. Freedman, Kevin Krisciunas, S. E. Persson, Anthony L. Piro, B. J. Shappee, Maximilian Stritzinger, Nicholas B. Suntzeff, Sudeshna Chakraborty, R. P. Kirshner, J. Lu, G. H. Marion, Abigail Polin and M. Shahbandeh","doi":"10.3847/1538-4365/ad4f7e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ad4f7e","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the nature of the luminous 1991T-like supernovae (SNe) is of great importance to SN cosmology as they are likely to have been more common in the early Universe. In this paper, we explore the observational properties of 1991T-like SNe to study their relationship to other luminous, slow-declining Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). From the spectroscopic and photometric criteria defined in Phillips et al., we identify 17 1991T-like SNe from the literature. Combining these objects with 10 1991T-like SNe from the Carnegie Supernova Project-II, the spectra, light curves, and colors of these events, along with their host galaxy properties, are examined in detail. We conclude that 1991T-like SNe are closely related in essentially all of their UV, optical, and near-infrared properties—as well as their host galaxy parameters—to the slow-declining subset of Branch core-normal SNe and to the intermediate 1999aa-like events, forming a continuum of luminous SNe Ia. The overriding difference between these three subgroups appears to be the extent to which 56Ni mixes into the ejecta, producing the premaximum spectra dominated by Fe iii absorption, the broader UV light curves, and the higher luminosities that characterize the 1991T-like events. Nevertheless, the association of 1991T-like SNe with the rare Type Ia circumstellar material SNe would seem to run counter to this hypothesis, in which case 1991T-like events may form a separate subclass of SNe Ia, possibly arising from single-degenerate progenitor systems.","PeriodicalId":22368,"journal":{"name":"The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141587305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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