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2014 International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Computational Engineering (ICECCE)最新文献

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Analysis of ground effect on multi-rotors 多转子地面效应分析
S. Aich, Chahat Ahuja, Tushar Gupta, P. Arulmozhivarman
The motion of a UAV is greatly influenced by its interaction with different kinds of surfaces in proximity. In this paper, we address the aerodynamic challenge termed as `The ground effect' faced by a UAV, by mathematical modelling of its dynamic response. An AR Drone 2.0 has been used to collect the variations of parameters such as roll and pitch at different heights above a smooth surface. The data thus obtained has been analyzed on MATLAB R2013a and mathematical models have been created to correct them for a more stable take-off, landing and near ground flights. The controller in a UAV constantly adjusts to stabilize the UAV. Results show that model obtained can be used to counter the ground effect in UAVs. The model obtained would also decrease stress on the controller and it will consume less power as it would not have to expend extra power in attempting to stabilize the UAV.
无人机的运动受到其与邻近各种表面的相互作用的极大影响。在本文中,我们通过对其动态响应的数学建模,解决了无人机面临的被称为“地面效应”的空气动力学挑战。AR无人机2.0已被用于收集参数的变化,如在光滑表面上不同高度的滚转和俯仰。在MATLAB R2013a上对所获得的数据进行了分析,并建立了数学模型,对其进行校正,以实现更稳定的起飞、着陆和近地飞行。无人机的控制器通过不断调整来稳定无人机。结果表明,所建立的模型可用于对抗无人机的地面效应。获得的模型也将减少对控制器的压力,并且它将消耗更少的功率,因为它不必在试图稳定无人机时花费额外的功率。
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引用次数: 22
Nonlinearity effect of Power Amplifiers in wireless communication systems 无线通信系统中功率放大器的非线性效应
Shatrughna Prasad Yadav, S. Bera
High Power Amplifier in wireless communication systems exhibit nonlinear behavior which causes signal degradation. This is detrimental to the signals that pass through it. It appears in the form of Harmonic distortion, Gain compression, Inter-modulation distortion, Phase distortion, adjacent channel interference, etc. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is considered to be better techniques for multicarrier wireless communication. It has tolerance to inter-symbol interference and good spectral efficiency but are subjected to nonlinearities of power amplifiers, due to their high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper, some of the basic PAPR reduction techniques like: Peak clipping, random phase shifting, selected mapping (SLM) and dummy sequence insertion (DSI) methods have been discussed. The results obtained has been compared with original PAPR which suggests improvement in nonlinearity with modest reduction in efficiency and increase in hardware implementations. Among the various techniques SLM method gives low PAPR than other methods.
在无线通信系统中,高功率放大器表现出非线性特性,导致信号退化。这对通过它的信号是有害的。它主要表现为谐波失真、增益压缩、互调失真、相位失真、相邻信道干扰等。正交频分复用(OFDM)被认为是一种较好的多载波无线通信技术。它对符号间干扰具有良好的容忍度和频谱效率,但由于其较高的峰均功率比(PAPR)而受到功率放大器非线性的影响。本文讨论了一些基本的PAPR降低技术,如:削峰、随机相移、选择映射(SLM)和虚拟序列插入(DSI)方法。得到的结果与原始的PAPR进行了比较,结果表明,在适度降低效率和增加硬件实现的情况下,非线性有所改善。在各种技术中,SLM方法比其他方法具有较低的PAPR。
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引用次数: 10
Comparative analysis of scan compression techniques 扫描压缩技术的比较分析
Praveen Sakrappanavar, S. Yellampalli, Ashish Kothari
Design for Testability (DFT) based on scan and ATPG has been adopted as a reliable and broadly acceptable methodology that provides very high test coverage, but for large circuits, the growing test data volume causes a significant increase in test cost because of much longer test time and elevated tester memory requirements. Test compression or scan compression provides great reduction in test data volume and test time required by adding on-chip decompressor and compactor. In this paper comparative analysis are made for Broadcast, XOR decompressor along with XOR, MISR and Hybrid compactors with respect to test coverage, test cycles required and test data volume by considering Flash Interface as CUT. From the experiments, it is observed that XOR decompressor with MISR compactor architecture provides 17.31% to 49.76% reduction in test data volume compared to other architectures, with 99.76% of fault coverage, 16694 test cycles and 2104μm2 of area overhead.
基于扫描和ATPG的可测试性设计(DFT)已被采用为一种可靠且广泛接受的方法,可以提供非常高的测试覆盖率,但对于大型电路,由于测试时间更长,测试数据量的增加导致测试成本的显著增加。测试压缩或扫描压缩通过添加片上减压器和压缩器,大大减少了测试数据量和测试时间。本文将Flash接口作为CUT,对Broadcast、XOR、MISR、Hybrid压缩器的测试覆盖率、测试周期、测试数据量进行了对比分析。实验结果表明,采用MISR压缩器架构的XOR减压器与其他架构相比,测试数据量减少了17.31% ~ 49.76%,故障覆盖率达到99.76%,测试周期为16694个,面积开销为2104μm2。
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引用次数: 3
Space complexity analysis of various sparse matrix storage formats used in rectangular segmentation image compression technique 矩形分割图像压缩技术中各种稀疏矩阵存储格式的空间复杂度分析
Sumithra Sriram, B. J. Saira, Rajasekhara Babu
With the increase in the resolution of images, arises the need to compress these images effectively without much loss, for easy storage and transmission. Sparse matrices are matrices that have majority of their elements as zeroes, which brings in the possibility of storing just the non-zero elements in a space efficient manner using various formats. Images, which are essentially matrices, if somehow expressed as sparse matrices, can be similarly stored. The rectangular segmentation is a method that can be used to do so. In this paper, we analyze the space complexity of various storage formats for benchmark matrices and the suitability of these formats to compress images using rectangular segmentation method.
随着图像分辨率的提高,为了便于存储和传输,需要对图像进行有效的压缩而不造成很大的损失。稀疏矩阵是大多数元素为零的矩阵,这使得使用各种格式以空间有效的方式存储非零元素成为可能。图像本质上是矩阵,如果以某种方式表示为稀疏矩阵,则可以类似地存储。矩形分割是一种可以用来做到这一点的方法。本文分析了基准矩阵的各种存储格式的空间复杂度,以及这些格式在矩形分割压缩图像中的适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of test time and fault grading of functional test vectors using fault simulation flow 基于故障仿真流程的功能测试向量测试时间和故障分级优化
S. Praveen, S. Yellampalli, Ashish Kothari
Structural test is the most efficient test to detect manufacturing defects. With ever increasing complexity of digital designs, structural test vectors alone are not sufficient to achieve the desired fault coverage. Functional test vectors are programs written with the design specifications in mind rather than manufacturing defects and this can help in testing some of the critical portions of design. Functional test vectors are given by the functional verification team. Structural and Functional tests put together can increase the Test quality very significantly. Unlike structural test vectors, functional test vectors do not offer test coverage metric on their own. In this paper, comparative analysis between conventional ATPG method and fault grading using fault simulation flow is done on I2C design. Fault grading technique is implemented using ATPG and Fault simulation flow to fault grade the functional test vectors. This greatly reduces the test vectors which indeed reduces test time and test effort.
结构检测是检测制造缺陷最有效的方法。随着数字设计的复杂性日益增加,结构测试向量本身不足以达到期望的故障覆盖率。功能测试向量是根据设计规范而不是制造缺陷编写的程序,这可以帮助测试设计的一些关键部分。功能测试向量由功能验证团队给出。结构和功能测试放在一起可以非常显著地提高测试质量。与结构测试向量不同,功能测试向量本身不提供测试覆盖度量。本文在I2C设计中,对传统的ATPG方法和故障模拟流程进行了故障分级的对比分析。利用ATPG和故障仿真流程对功能测试向量进行故障分级,实现故障分级技术。这大大减少了测试向量,从而减少了测试时间和测试工作。
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引用次数: 4
Data Labeling method based on Rough Entropy for categorical data clustering 基于粗糙熵的分类数据聚类数据标注方法
G. Sreenivasulu, S. Raju, N. Rao
Clustering is one of the most important method in data mining. Clustering a huge data set is difficult and time taking process. In this scenario a new method proposed that is based on Rough Entropy for improving efficiency of clustering and labeling the unlabeled data points in clusters. Data Labeling is a simple process in numerical domain but not in categorical domain. Why because distance is a major parameter in numerical whereas not in categorical attributes. So, In this paper proposed a new method for data labeling using Rough Entropy for clustering categorical data attributes. This method is mainly divided into two phases. Phase-1 is aimed to find the partition with respect to attributes and phase-II is to find the Rough Entropy to know the node importance for data labeling.
聚类是数据挖掘中最重要的方法之一。对一个庞大的数据集进行聚类是一个困难且耗时的过程。针对这种情况,提出了一种基于粗糙熵的聚类方法来提高聚类效率,并对聚类中未标记的数据点进行标记。数据标注在数值领域是一个简单的过程,而在范畴领域则不是。为什么?因为距离在数值属性中是一个主要参数,而在分类属性中不是。为此,本文提出了一种利用粗糙熵对分类数据属性进行聚类的数据标注方法。该方法主要分为两个阶段。阶段1的目标是找到属性的划分,阶段2的目标是找到粗糙熵来知道节点的重要性,以便进行数据标注。
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引用次数: 1
Prolonging the network lifetime of heterogeneous WSNS using MECRSEP 利用MECRSEP延长异构WSNS的网络生存期
S. Saini, Meenakshi Sharma
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) contain a large number of sensor nodes that are equipped to handle complex functionalities, the network processing may require the sensors to use the constrained energy level to enhance the network lifetime. Many protocols have been proposed for achieving energy efficiency in heterogeneous structure of the network. In this dissertation, the performance of SEP, ECRSEP and ESEP have been analyzed for different WSNs scenarios. The outcomes of the same have been then analyzed for stability, network lifetime and throughput. The survey done on these protocols has shown that the SEP, ESEP and ECRSEP continues to punish advance and intermediate nodes and have also neglected the use of thresholds i.e. hard and soft thresholds to decrease the energy consumption. The neighbours of sensor nodes going to become CHs have also been neglected in the existing work. This dissertation has proposed two modifications where radius based grouping is used before CH selection to decrease the computation time. The new algorithm is the modification of ECRSEP and hence, is named MECRSEP (Modified ECRSEP). Due to non availability of actual sensor environment, in this dissertation simulation environment has been designed and implemented in the MATLAB tool.
无线传感器网络(wsn)包含大量的传感器节点,这些节点需要处理复杂的功能,网络处理可能需要传感器使用受限的能量水平来提高网络的使用寿命。为了在异构网络结构中实现能源效率,已经提出了许多协议。本文分析了SEP、ECRSEP和ESEP在不同无线传感器网络场景下的性能。然后对相同的结果进行稳定性、网络生命周期和吞吐量分析。对这些协议的调查表明,SEP, ESEP和ECRSEP继续惩罚高级和中间节点,并且也忽略了阈值的使用,即硬阈值和软阈值来降低能耗。在现有的工作中,也忽略了即将成为CHs的传感器节点的邻居。本文提出了两种改进方案,即在CH选择前采用基于半径的分组,以减少计算时间。新算法是对ECRSEP的改进,因此被命名为MECRSEP (Modified ECRSEP)。由于没有实际的传感器环境,本文在MATLAB工具中设计并实现了仿真环境。
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引用次数: 2
A comparative analysis of jitter estimation techniques 抖动估计技术的比较分析
V. Sharma, J. N. Tripathi, R. Nagpal, Sujay Deb, Rakesh Malik
With the advancement of VLSI technology, the effect of jitter is becoming more critical on high speed signals. To negate the effect of jitter on these signals, the causes of jitter in a circuit need to be identified by decomposing the jitter. In this paper, a comparative analysis of various jitter estimation techniques is presented. The statistical domain methods are based on fitting techniques while the frequency domain methods are based on frequency spectrum analysis. This work describes both statistical domain methods and frequency domain methods. Further, their strengths and limitations are discussed. The algorithms are implemented in MATLAB and the results are extensively verified with Agilent ADS.
随着超大规模集成电路技术的发展,抖动对高速信号的影响越来越重要。为了消除抖动对这些信号的影响,需要通过分解抖动来识别电路中抖动的原因。本文对各种抖动估计技术进行了比较分析。统计域方法是基于拟合技术,而频域方法是基于频谱分析。本文介绍了统计域方法和频域方法。进一步讨论了它们的优点和局限性。算法在MATLAB中实现,结果在Agilent ADS中得到了广泛验证。
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引用次数: 11
Modified SLM and PTS approach to reduce PAPR in MIMO OFDM 改进的SLM和PTS方法降低MIMO OFDM中的PAPR
B. Somasekhar, A. Mallikarjunaprasad
In current communication systems growing demand of multimedia services and the growth of Internet related contents lead to increasing interest to high speed communications. Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) technology is one of the most attractive candidates for fourth generation (4G) mobile radio communication. It effectively combats the multipath fading channel and improves the bandwidth efficiency. However, the main drawback of MIMO-OFDM system is high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) for large number of sub-carriers, which result in many restrictions for practical applications. Recently, space time block codes (STBC) have gained much attention as an effective transmit diversity technique to provide reliable transmission with high peak data rates to increase the capacity of wireless communication systems. In this paper, the performance of BER vs. SNR in normal STBC OFDM is compared to that of STBC-OFDM systems with versions of SLM using simulations. Selective Mapping (SLM) is used as the existing system. In this technique, the minimum PAPR signal is selected and transmitted by generating different representations of OFDM symbols using different phase sequences. A new concurrent PAPR reduction algorithm based on the property of orthogonal space-time block coded (STBC) is proposed in this paper. We proved that the conjugate symbols transmitted on two antennas have same PAPR property, with which, the computational complexity cost of the proposed algorithm can be reduced significantly compared with the conventional concurrent PAPR reduction algorithms, such as concurrent partial transmit sequences (PTS). Furthermore, a criterion of minimum maximum (minmax) is proposed, which shows better PAPR performance than the criterion of minimum average (minaverage) in conventional concurrent algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional concurrent algorithms.
在当前的通信系统中,多媒体业务的需求不断增长以及与互联网相关内容的增长导致人们对高速通信的兴趣日益增加。多输入多输出正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)技术是第四代(4G)移动无线电通信中最有吸引力的候选技术之一。它有效地对抗了多径衰落信道,提高了带宽效率。然而,MIMO-OFDM系统的主要缺点是对于大量的子载波来说,峰值平均功率比(PAPR)很高,这对实际应用造成了许多限制。空时分组码作为一种有效的传输分集技术,为无线通信系统提供高峰值数据速率的可靠传输,提高系统容量,近年来受到了广泛的关注。在本文中,通过仿真比较了普通STBC OFDM系统与具有SLM版本的STBC-OFDM系统的BER和SNR性能。使用SLM (Selective Mapping)作为现有系统。在该技术中,通过使用不同的相序列生成OFDM符号的不同表示来选择最小PAPR信号并传输。提出了一种基于正交空时分组编码(STBC)特性的并行PAPR降低算法。我们证明了在两个天线上传输的共轭符号具有相同的PAPR特性,与传统的并发PAPR减小算法(如并发部分发射序列(PTS))相比,该算法的计算复杂度显著降低。在此基础上,提出了最小最大值准则(minmax),该准则比传统并行算法中的最小平均值准则(minaverage)具有更好的PAPR性能。仿真结果表明,该算法的性能优于传统的并发算法。
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引用次数: 3
Labview implementation of identification of early signs of breast cancer Labview实现乳腺癌早期体征的识别
S. P. Meharunnisa, K. Suresh
Breast cancer is the Second leading cause of cancer death among women. It has become a major health issue in the world over the past 50 years and it has increased in recent years. Early detection is an effective way to diagnose and manage breast cancer. Mammography is an efficient imaging technique for detection and diagnosis of breast pathological disorders at the early stage. This paper presents algorithms which are combination of image processing techniques to remove noise and enhancement of mammography images for identification of microcalcifications. Efficient methods such as use of wavelets and adaptive histogram equalization techniques, along with fusion techniques are used for image enhancement to detect microcalcifications using Labview.
乳腺癌是妇女癌症死亡的第二大原因。在过去50年中,它已成为世界上的一个主要健康问题,近年来有所增加。早期发现是诊断和治疗乳腺癌的有效方法。乳房x光检查是早期发现和诊断乳腺病理疾病的有效成像技术。本文提出了一种结合图像处理技术去除噪声和增强乳房x线摄影图像来识别微钙化的算法。有效的方法,如使用小波和自适应直方图均衡化技术,以及融合技术用于图像增强,以检测微钙化使用Labview。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2014 International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Computational Engineering (ICECCE)
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