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Confitendum et proficiendum: Augustine on the Rule of Faith and the Christian Life 奥古斯丁论信仰的规则和基督徒的生活
Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.1177/10638512221112039
Alex Fogleman
The rule of faith obtained an increasingly flexible usage in the fourth and fifth centuries. In Augustine's various writings on the creed, we can see how he envisioned Christian engagement with the rule as extending beyond baptismal education to involve an ongoing and dynamic process of Christian transformation, particularly as it pertained to the heart. In catechetical sermons on the creed, the focus is on memorizing the creed by heart. In De agone Christiano, the heart is the site of battle with demonic forces. In De fide et symbolo, Augustine emphasizes purity of heart. In the Enchiridion, Augustine teaches the creed for wisdom and piety in the heart. For the ordinary Christian, the rule of faith serves as a means of progressive growth in the Christian life. Only in the beatific vision, when faith turns to sight and God himself becomes the Christian's vision, can the creed be laid to rest.
在四世纪和五世纪,“信仰规则”的用法越来越灵活。在奥古斯丁关于信经的各种著作中,我们可以看到他是如何设想基督徒对信条的参与,超越了洗礼教育,涉及到一个持续的、动态的基督教转变过程,特别是涉及到心灵的过程。在信经的教理讲道中,重点是将信经熟记在心。在De agone Christiano中,心脏是与恶魔力量战斗的地方。在《信仰与象征》中,奥古斯丁强调心灵的纯洁。在《恩基里底翁经》中,奥古斯丁教导了心中智慧和虔诚的信条。对于普通基督徒来说,信仰的规则是基督徒生活中不断成长的一种手段。只有在幸福的愿景中,当信仰变成视觉,上帝自己成为基督徒的愿景时,信条才能得到安息。
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引用次数: 0
Erōs, Ekstasis, and Silence in Dionysius’ Mystical Theology Erōs,狄奥尼修斯神秘神学中的解脱与沉默
Pub Date : 2022-06-27 DOI: 10.1177/10638512221107352
P. Corry
Though medieval, modern, and contemporary interpreters often understand the “mystical union” described in Dionysius’ Mystical Theology in terms of love or eros, reference to love, affection, or desire is conspicuously absent from the text. Though this absence has been noted in recent scholarship, little attention has been paid to its significance, particularly in light of the significance of eros across the Corpus dionysiacum. After assessing the “affective” reading of Mystical Theology which directly imports the functions of divine and human love from the positive descriptions of Divine Names, I propose a reading which rather aims to recover the central place of eros in Mystical Theology precisely through reflection upon its absence. This interpretation will consider the significance of the hymnic, prayerful setting of Mystical Theology, and the precise grammar of Dionysius’ negative theology to give a textual argument for understanding “mystical union” as a unity of God and creature in love.
尽管中世纪、现代和当代的诠释者经常把狄奥尼修斯的《神秘神学》中描述的“神秘的结合”理解为爱或爱欲,但在文本中明显没有提到爱、感情或欲望。虽然在最近的学术研究中已经注意到这种缺失,但很少有人注意到它的重要性,特别是在酒神库中爱神的重要性。在评估了神秘神学的“情感”解读之后,它直接从神的名字的积极描述中引入了神和人的爱的功能,我提出了一种解读,其目的是通过对其缺失的反思来恢复神秘神学中爱欲的中心位置。这种解释将考虑神秘神学的赞美诗,祈祷设置的意义,以及狄奥尼修斯的否定神学的精确语法,为理解“神秘联盟”作为上帝和爱中的生物的统一提供文本论据。
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引用次数: 0
Dicit Augustinus: Model Sermons as Episcopal Formation in St. Augustine's Tractates on the Gospel of John 55–124 奥古斯丁:圣奥古斯丁《约翰福音注释》55-124中作为主教形成的模范布道
Pub Date : 2022-06-19 DOI: 10.1177/10638512221108054
Shawn M. Owens
The bishop's primary task is teaching. Because of a lack of availability, erudition, or engagement, the Church has often suffered from a shortage of suitably equipped and pastorally present bishops. Provincial, regional, and ecumenical councils of the patristic and medieval eras sought to address this need. The fifth-century North African Church turned to St. Augustine as their resident expert on exegesis and episcopacy. Augustine formed future bishops as monks in his monastery and his co-bishops through model sermons they requested at council. The Tractates on the Gospel of John 55–124 were dictated for this purpose. Because Augustine's immediate audience was bishops (current and future), he meditated on aspects of the episcopacy: the spiritual risks of preaching, the discernment and discipline demanded in mystagogy and excommunication, and participation in Christ's blood and His Spirit, enabling growth in martyrial virtue and the performance of “greater works” for the glory of God.
主教的主要任务是教学。由于缺乏可用性,博学,或参与,教会经常遭受缺乏适当装备和牧师在场的主教。教父和中世纪时期的省、地区和大公会议都试图解决这一需要。五世纪的北非教会求助于圣奥古斯丁作为他们的常驻专家的注释和主教。奥古斯丁在他的修道院中以僧侣的身份培养了未来的主教,并通过他们在会议上要求的模范布道来培养他的共同主教。《约翰福音》55-124章就是为了这个目的而口述的。因为奥古斯丁的直接听众是主教(现在的和将来的),他思考了主教职务的各个方面:讲道的精神风险,神秘学和被逐出教会所要求的洞察力和纪律,以及参与基督的血和他的灵,使殉道美德的成长和为上帝的荣耀而做“更大的工作”。
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引用次数: 0
Toward a Common Jewish House in the Body of Christ: A Response to Mark Kinzer's Review of Jewish Church 在基督的身体里走向一个共同的犹太之家:对马克·金泽对犹太教会的评论的回应
Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.1177/10638512221093267
A. Lévy
This article responds to Mark Kinzer's review of my book, Jewish Church: A Catholic Approach to Messianic Judaism. First, I discuss Kinzer on the “accurate reading” of Scripture. I highlight the preconceived opinion underlying Kinzer's exegesis of Acts 21:20–26, which ascribes to Luke the portrayal of Paul as a Torah-observant Jew. Second, I point to the fundamental ambiguity of attempts to present halakhic Torah observance as an ideal to be pursued by all Jewish disciples of Yeshua. Third, I argue that the death of Yeshua has a salvific meaning for the whole people of Israel, even as “the whole people” has a responsibility for Yeshua's death. Through repentance, this collective involvement becomes the doorway to collective salvation, thus justifying the establishment of a Jewish Church. In conclusion, I argue that the adoption of supersessionism by the whole Constantinian Church had to do with the absence of ecclesial dispositions that would have stymied an otherwise ineluctable process of gentilization in the course of the first centuries.
这篇文章回应了马克·金泽对我的书《犹太教会:天主教对弥赛亚犹太教的看法》的评论。首先,我要讨论金泽关于“准确阅读”圣经的观点。我要强调的是,在金泽对使徒行传21:20-26的注释中,先入为主的观点认为,路加把保罗描绘成一个遵守律法的犹太人。第二,我指出,试图将遵守哈拉基律法作为耶稣所有犹太门徒所追求的理想,是一种根本的模糊性。第三,我认为耶稣的死对整个以色列人都有救赎的意义,即使“全体人民”对耶稣的死负有责任。通过悔改,这种集体参与成为集体救赎的门户,从而证明建立犹太教会是正当的。总之,我认为君士坦丁教会对取代主义的采纳与教会倾向的缺失有关教会倾向的缺失会阻碍最初几个世纪中不可避免的绅士化进程。
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引用次数: 0
A Messianic Jewish Approach to Jewish Catholicism: Responding to Antoine Lévy's Jewish Church 对犹太天主教的弥赛亚式犹太态度:对安托万·莱萨维的犹太教会的回应
Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/10638512221093256
M. Kinzer
Antoine Lévy's recent volume, Jewish Church, presents his vision of a Catholic bilateral ecclesiology in which the Jewishness of the universal Church is manifested through the particular Torah-based corporate life of Jewish Catholics. Lévy articulates this vision through a sustained engagement with my writings on this subject. In this article, I first summarize and affirm the heart of Lévy's ecclesiological thesis, along with its soteriological foundation. I then show how his misunderstanding of my work sometimes leads him to exaggerate the extent of disagreement that exists between us. I conclude by highlighting three areas of genuine disagreement that merit further discussion: (1) Do the Jewish people bear any corporate responsibility for the death of Jesus? (2) Does the Church bear responsibility for the emergence of supersessionism? (3) Is there symmetry or asymmetry in the authority of Jewish and Christian tradition for Jewish disciples of Jesus?
安托万·莱萨维最近出版的《犹太教会》一书,展示了他对天主教双边教会的看法,其中,普世教会的犹太性通过犹太天主教徒基于《摩西五经》的社团生活得到体现。通过持续地参与我关于这个主题的文章,我阐明了这一愿景。在这篇文章中,我首先总结和肯定了lsamevy的教会论论文的核心,以及它的救赎论基础。然后,我展示了他对我的工作的误解有时如何导致他夸大我们之间存在的分歧的程度。最后,我强调了值得进一步讨论的三个真正存在分歧的领域:(1)犹太人是否对耶稣的死承担任何集体责任?(2)教会是否对取代主义的出现负有责任?(3)对于耶稣的犹太门徒来说,犹太教和基督教传统的权威是否对称?
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引用次数: 0
Partakers of Christ: Union with Christ in Hebrews 与基督有分:在希伯来书中与基督联合
Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1177/10638512221093052
Benjamin J. Ribbens
Hebrews describes a participatory relationship between Christ and believers that coheres with union with Christ as found elsewhere in the New Testament. Believers are partakers in Christ who share in Christ's identity, narrative, and salvific benefits. Although scholars typically dismiss any connection between Hebrews and union with Christ, Hebrews does contain participatory vocabulary and themes and shares participatory metaphors with Paul (most notably adoption). Further, the broad complex of theological characteristics that give union with Christ its particular shape and nature in Paul and John is also evident in Hebrews’ articulation of the participatory relationship between Christ and believers.
希伯来书描述了基督和信徒之间的参与关系,这种关系与新约中其他地方的基督联合一致。信徒在基督里有份,分享基督的身份、故事和救恩。虽然学者们通常会忽略希伯来书与基督联合之间的任何联系,但希伯来书确实包含了参与的词汇和主题,并与保罗分享了参与的隐喻(最明显的是收养)。此外,在保罗和约翰身上赋予与基督联合的特殊形状和性质的广泛的神学特征,在希伯来书对基督与信徒之间参与关系的阐述中也很明显。
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引用次数: 0
Bonhoeffer's Christological Interpretation of the Psalms: Tensions, Subjectivity, and the Voice of Christ 潘霍华对诗篇的基督论解释:紧张、主体性和基督的声音
Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/10638512221084240
David A. R. Clark
By closely examining three texts (“Christ in the Psalms,” Life Together, and Prayerbook of the Bible: An Introduction to the Psalms), this article investigates how Dietrich Bonhoeffer develops and formulates his Christological approach to the Psalms in response to two specific tensions. The first tension emerges as Bonhoeffer discerns a problematic duality in the Psalter as both human prayers and divine word; he resolves this tension by asserting that the Psalms present the voice and presence of Christ, notably amid human suffering. This Christological resolution introduces an interpretive tension, as Bonhoeffer concedes that certain psalms seem implausibly to present Christ's voice; yet by reconstruing the subjectivity of Christ's voice in the Psalms, Bonhoeffer also resolves this second tension Christologically. Thus, Bonhoeffer's Christological approach to the Psalms takes shape as he lingers with—and interprets into—the tensions of Christological exegesis.
通过仔细研究三个文本(《诗篇中的基督》、《一起生活》和《圣经祈祷书:诗篇导论》),本文研究了迪特里希·邦霍费尔是如何发展和阐述他对诗篇的基督论方法的,以回应两种特定的紧张关系。第一个矛盾出现在邦霍费尔发现了诗篇中有问题的两重性即人类的祈祷和神的话语;他通过断言诗篇呈现了基督的声音和存在来解决这种紧张关系,尤其是在人类受苦的时候。这种基督论的解决方案引入了一种解释上的张力,因为邦霍费尔承认,某些诗篇似乎不太可能呈现基督的声音;然而,通过重构《诗篇》中基督声音的主体性,邦霍费尔也从基督的角度解决了这第二种张力。因此,朋霍费尔对《诗篇》的基督论方法在他对基督论训诂学的紧张关系的逗留和解释中成形了。
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引用次数: 0
Two Necessary Paths to a Common Destination: A Rejoinder to Lévy 通往共同目标的两条必经之路:对柳青的反驳
Pub Date : 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.1177/10638512221093265
M. Kinzer
In this rejoinder to Antoine Lévy, I reflect upon his main points, taking them up in the order in which he has raised them. I seek to clarify aspects of my article and my other writings that Lévy has misunderstood, elaborate on ideas that were previously undeveloped, and demonstrate how my ongoing dialogue with Lévy has led me to revise and refine some of my previous positions.
在这篇对安托万·莱姆斯维的答辩中,我对他的主要观点进行了反思,并按照他提出这些观点的先后顺序进行了整理。我试图澄清我的文章和我的其他作品中被lsamuy误解的方面,详细说明以前未开发的想法,并展示我与lsamuy的持续对话如何使我修改和完善我以前的一些立场。
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引用次数: 0
Supersessionism or Mutual Blessing on the Menu? Christ-Following Gentiles Dining among Christ-Following Jews 超级主义还是相互祝福?跟随基督的外邦人与跟随基督的犹太人一起用餐
Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/10638512221080726
J. C. Olson
This essay proposes that followers of Jesus should see God ’ s covenant with the people Israel as continuing, as many churches now af fi rm, and therefore facilitate the covenantal dietary practices of Christ-following (CF) Jews when dining together. In a similar vein, Michael Wyschogrod wrote to Jean-Marie Cardinal Lustiger that a Jew remains a Jew, and therefore under obligation to observe Jewish dietary law, no matter what religion he adopts. 1 Wyschogrod considered the Church ’ s conduct toward CF Jews in its midst, including their dietary requirements, the acid test of supersessionism. 2 I fi rst explore the meaning of supersessionism, arguing that Torah observance, including Jewish dietary law, undermines it while preserving the Jewish people. Second, I treat the dietary practices of Jesus, Peter, and Paul, presenting interpretations that re fl ect the Jewish setting of the New Testament, and opposing claims that biblical dietary laws are cancelled. Third, I introduce Aquinas ’ s commentary
这篇文章提出,耶稣的追随者应该看到上帝与以色列人的契约是持续的,正如许多教会现在所肯定的那样,因此促进了基督追随者(CF)犹太人在一起用餐时的契约饮食习惯。类似地,Michael Wyschogrod在给Jean-Marie Cardinal Lustiger的信中写道,犹太人仍然是犹太人,因此有义务遵守犹太人的饮食法,无论他信奉什么宗教。Wyschogrod认为教会对待其中间的CF犹太人的行为,包括他们的饮食要求,是取代主义的严峻考验。我首先探讨了取代主义的含义,认为遵守托拉,包括犹太饮食法,在保护犹太人的同时破坏了它。其次,我讨论了耶稣、彼得和保罗的饮食习惯,提出了反映新约犹太背景的解释,并反对取消圣经饮食律法的主张。第三,我介绍了阿奎那的评注
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引用次数: 0
The Bible as Holy Scripture 圣经是神圣的圣经
Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.1177/10638512221084235
Katherine Sonderegger
The modern era has brought new elements to bear on the Doctrine of Holy Scripture: the centrality of Revelation and the character of the Bible as narrative. The first and second Vatican Councils exhibit these traits as much as do Karl Barth and Post-liberal theologians. This essay argues that the governing motif for a Doctrine of Scripture should be writing rather than speaking or disclosing, and Instruction rather than story. The pressure exerted by these modernist preoccupations has re-centered and deformed the proper weight and ordering of Scripture, diminishing Torah, elevating the Prophetic (historical) books, and bringing a Messianic reading of Scripture into sole possession of canonical interpretation. Paying close heed to Scripture's own self-identification as writing, as Book, brings the Five Books of Moses (the Pentateuch) to its proper place as head of the Scriptures, and places the New Testament as written text as proper complement to the Old.
现代时代给圣经教义带来了新的元素:启示录的中心地位和圣经作为叙事的特征。第一届和第二届梵蒂冈会议表现出这些特征,正如卡尔·巴特和后自由主义神学家一样。这篇文章认为,圣经教义的主导主题应该是写作而不是说话或披露,指示而不是故事。这些现代主义的关注所施加的压力已经重新集中并扭曲了圣经的适当分量和顺序,削弱了Torah,提升了先知(历史)书籍,并将圣经的弥赛亚式阅读带入了唯一的权威解释。密切关注《圣经》作为文字的自我认同,将《摩西五经》(摩西五经)作为《圣经》之首,置于应有的位置,并将《新约》作为书面文本,作为《旧约》的适当补充。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Pro Ecclesia: A Journal of Catholic and Evangelical Theology
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