I recently went on a country walk with two medical friends, and for some reason we started to talk about 360 degree feedback, sometimes called multisource feedback. This is an exercise that virtually all doctors have to do in one context or another, requesting comments from colleagues on our performance, teamwork, and so on. To be honest, the three of us had little positive to say about it. Maybe some people have had their lives turned around by constructive comments from other team members, but none of us owned up to such an epiphany. From our own experience, multisource feedback …
{"title":"John Launer: Having fun with feedback","authors":"John Launer","doi":"10.1136/bmj.q1954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q1954","url":null,"abstract":"I recently went on a country walk with two medical friends, and for some reason we started to talk about 360 degree feedback, sometimes called multisource feedback. This is an exercise that virtually all doctors have to do in one context or another, requesting comments from colleagues on our performance, teamwork, and so on. To be honest, the three of us had little positive to say about it. Maybe some people have had their lives turned around by constructive comments from other team members, but none of us owned up to such an epiphany. From our own experience, multisource feedback …","PeriodicalId":22388,"journal":{"name":"The BMJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142166347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Finn and colleagues make several excellent points.1 Four year graduate entry courses are a useful model; generally these have been successful in reducing the course from five years. This has been done partly by making the course more intense, by …
{"title":"Four year medical degrees in the UK: consider a final year apprenticeship instead","authors":"John B Cookson","doi":"10.1136/bmj.q1963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q1963","url":null,"abstract":"Finn and colleagues make several excellent points.1 Four year graduate entry courses are a useful model; generally these have been successful in reducing the course from five years. This has been done partly by making the course more intense, by …","PeriodicalId":22388,"journal":{"name":"The BMJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142166348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shing Fung Lee, Samantha K F Kennedy, Saverio Caini, Henry C Y Wong, Pui Lam Yip, Philip M Poortmans, Icro Meattini, Orit Kaidar-Person, Abram Recht, Tarek Hijal, Mylin A Torres, Jeffrey Q Cao, Kimberly S Corbin, J Isabelle Choi, Wee Yao Koh, Jennifer Y Y Kwan, Irene Karam, Adrian W Chan, Edward Chow, Gustavo N Marta
Objective To provide a comprehensive assessment of various fractionation schemes in radiation therapy for breast cancer, with a focus on side effects, cosmesis, quality of life, risks of recurrence, and survival outcomes. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (from inception to 23 October 2023). Study selection Included studies were randomised controlled trials focusing on conventional fractionation (CF; daily fractions of 1.8-2 Gy, reaching a total dose of 50-50.4 Gy over 5-6 weeks), moderate hypofractionation (MHF; fraction sizes of 2.65-3.3 Gy for 13-16 fractions over 3-5 weeks), and/or ultra-hypofractionation (UHF; schedule of only 5 fractions). Data extraction Two independent investigators screened studies and extracted data. Risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) approach, respectively. Data synthesis Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was analysed using Cochran’s Q test and I2 statistic. Network meta-analysis was used to integrate all available evidence. Main outcome measures The pre-specified primary outcome was grade ≥2 acute radiation dermatitis and late radiation therapy related side effects; secondary outcomes included cosmesis, quality of life, recurrence, and survival metrics. Results From 1754 studies, 59 articles representing 35 trials (20 237 patients) were assessed; 21.6% of outcomes showed low risk of bias, whereas 78.4% had some concerns or high risk, particularly in outcome measurement (47.4%). The RR for grade ≥2 acute radiation dermatitis for MHF compared with CF was 0.54 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.61; P<0.001) and 0.68 (0.49 to 0.93; P=0.02) following breast conserving therapy and mastectomy, respectively. Hyperpigmentation and grade ≥2 breast shrinkage were less frequent after MHF than after CF, with RRs of 0.77 (0.62 to 0.95; P=0.02) and 0.92 (0.85 to 0.99; P=0.03), respectively, in the combined breast conserving therapy and mastectomy population. However, in the breast conserving therapy only trials, these differences in hyperpigmentation (RR 0.79, 0.60 to 1.03; P=0.08) and breast shrinkage (0.94, 0.83 to 1.07; P=0.35) were not statistically significant. The RR for grade ≥2 acute radiation dermatitis for UHF compared with MHF was 0.85 (0.47 to 1.55; P=0.60) for breast conserving therapy and mastectomy patients combined. MHF was associated with improved cosmesis and quality of life compared with CF, whereas data on UHF were less conclusive. Survival and recurrence outcomes were similar between UHF, MHF, and CF. Conclusions MHF shows improved safety profile, cosmesis, and quality of life compared with CF while maintaining equivalent oncological outcomes. Fewer randomised controlled trials have comp
{"title":"Randomised controlled trials on radiation dose fractionation in breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis with emphasis on side effects and cosmesis","authors":"Shing Fung Lee, Samantha K F Kennedy, Saverio Caini, Henry C Y Wong, Pui Lam Yip, Philip M Poortmans, Icro Meattini, Orit Kaidar-Person, Abram Recht, Tarek Hijal, Mylin A Torres, Jeffrey Q Cao, Kimberly S Corbin, J Isabelle Choi, Wee Yao Koh, Jennifer Y Y Kwan, Irene Karam, Adrian W Chan, Edward Chow, Gustavo N Marta","doi":"10.1136/bmj-2023-079089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-079089","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To provide a comprehensive assessment of various fractionation schemes in radiation therapy for breast cancer, with a focus on side effects, cosmesis, quality of life, risks of recurrence, and survival outcomes. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (from inception to 23 October 2023). Study selection Included studies were randomised controlled trials focusing on conventional fractionation (CF; daily fractions of 1.8-2 Gy, reaching a total dose of 50-50.4 Gy over 5-6 weeks), moderate hypofractionation (MHF; fraction sizes of 2.65-3.3 Gy for 13-16 fractions over 3-5 weeks), and/or ultra-hypofractionation (UHF; schedule of only 5 fractions). Data extraction Two independent investigators screened studies and extracted data. Risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) approach, respectively. Data synthesis Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was analysed using Cochran’s Q test and I2 statistic. Network meta-analysis was used to integrate all available evidence. Main outcome measures The pre-specified primary outcome was grade ≥2 acute radiation dermatitis and late radiation therapy related side effects; secondary outcomes included cosmesis, quality of life, recurrence, and survival metrics. Results From 1754 studies, 59 articles representing 35 trials (20 237 patients) were assessed; 21.6% of outcomes showed low risk of bias, whereas 78.4% had some concerns or high risk, particularly in outcome measurement (47.4%). The RR for grade ≥2 acute radiation dermatitis for MHF compared with CF was 0.54 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.61; P<0.001) and 0.68 (0.49 to 0.93; P=0.02) following breast conserving therapy and mastectomy, respectively. Hyperpigmentation and grade ≥2 breast shrinkage were less frequent after MHF than after CF, with RRs of 0.77 (0.62 to 0.95; P=0.02) and 0.92 (0.85 to 0.99; P=0.03), respectively, in the combined breast conserving therapy and mastectomy population. However, in the breast conserving therapy only trials, these differences in hyperpigmentation (RR 0.79, 0.60 to 1.03; P=0.08) and breast shrinkage (0.94, 0.83 to 1.07; P=0.35) were not statistically significant. The RR for grade ≥2 acute radiation dermatitis for UHF compared with MHF was 0.85 (0.47 to 1.55; P=0.60) for breast conserving therapy and mastectomy patients combined. MHF was associated with improved cosmesis and quality of life compared with CF, whereas data on UHF were less conclusive. Survival and recurrence outcomes were similar between UHF, MHF, and CF. Conclusions MHF shows improved safety profile, cosmesis, and quality of life compared with CF while maintaining equivalent oncological outcomes. Fewer randomised controlled trials have comp","PeriodicalId":22388,"journal":{"name":"The BMJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper by Vaccarella and colleagues ( BMJ 2024;386:e077738, doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-077738, published 4 September 2024), the funding section should have acknowledged the support of the Italian Ministry of Health …
{"title":"Prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Europe and implications for screening activities: population based study","authors":"British Medical Journal Publishing Group","doi":"10.1136/bmj.q1995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q1995","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper by Vaccarella and colleagues ( BMJ 2024;386:e077738, doi:10.1136/bmj-2023-077738, published 4 September 2024), the funding section should have acknowledged the support of the Italian Ministry of Health …","PeriodicalId":22388,"journal":{"name":"The BMJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Campaigners say these conflicts of interest are detrimental to public health, but defenders say they reflect the lack of funding in nutrition research. Sophie Borland reports More than half of the experts on the UK government’s advisory panel on nutrition have links to the food industry, a BMJ analysis has found. At least 11 of the 17 members of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) have conflicts of interest with the likes of Nestlé, sugar manufacturer Tate and Lyle, and the world’s largest ice cream producer, Unilever. SACN is a powerful group of people appointed as independent experts that provides advice to the government—which in turn influences policy. Since its establishment in 2000 it has produced high profile guidelines on daily salt and sugar intake, vitamin D supplements, and feeding babies. But there is concern that both SACN and the previous governments reviewing its recommendations have not done enough to curb rising rates of obesity and food related ill health. Currently, 28.3% of women and 26.9% of men in the UK are obese, up from 13.8% and 10.7%, respectively, three decades ago.1 Deaths from premature heart disease in England are at their highest in 14 years,2 and diabetes cases in the UK are at record levels.3 Campaigners say that these conflicts of interests at the heart of policy making are detrimental to public health. Others say that they reflect the lack of funding for nutrition research and that removing experts with industry links from SACN would “diminish” its expertise. The BMJ looked at the interests declared by members of SACN—in publicly available documents published on the government website—in the past three years.4 Among its members is David Mela, a retired senior scientist from Unilever, who has done consultancy work for the firm that earned him …
{"title":"UK government’s nutrition advisers are paid by world’s largest food companies, BMJ analysis reveals","authors":"Sophie Borland","doi":"10.1136/bmj.q1909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q1909","url":null,"abstract":"Campaigners say these conflicts of interest are detrimental to public health, but defenders say they reflect the lack of funding in nutrition research. Sophie Borland reports More than half of the experts on the UK government’s advisory panel on nutrition have links to the food industry, a BMJ analysis has found. At least 11 of the 17 members of the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) have conflicts of interest with the likes of Nestlé, sugar manufacturer Tate and Lyle, and the world’s largest ice cream producer, Unilever. SACN is a powerful group of people appointed as independent experts that provides advice to the government—which in turn influences policy. Since its establishment in 2000 it has produced high profile guidelines on daily salt and sugar intake, vitamin D supplements, and feeding babies. But there is concern that both SACN and the previous governments reviewing its recommendations have not done enough to curb rising rates of obesity and food related ill health. Currently, 28.3% of women and 26.9% of men in the UK are obese, up from 13.8% and 10.7%, respectively, three decades ago.1 Deaths from premature heart disease in England are at their highest in 14 years,2 and diabetes cases in the UK are at record levels.3 Campaigners say that these conflicts of interests at the heart of policy making are detrimental to public health. Others say that they reflect the lack of funding for nutrition research and that removing experts with industry links from SACN would “diminish” its expertise. The BMJ looked at the interests declared by members of SACN—in publicly available documents published on the government website—in the past three years.4 Among its members is David Mela, a retired senior scientist from Unilever, who has done consultancy work for the firm that earned him …","PeriodicalId":22388,"journal":{"name":"The BMJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Highs and lows of being a drug user.","authors":"Alison Shepherd","doi":"10.1136/bmj.q1975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q1975","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22388,"journal":{"name":"The BMJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Essex mental health inquiry will uncover more deaths, says chair.","authors":"Clare Dyer","doi":"10.1136/bmj.q1991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q1991","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22388,"journal":{"name":"The BMJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Liraglutide: Weight loss injection is effective in children aged 6-11, study reports.","authors":"Elisabeth Mahase","doi":"10.1136/bmj.q1998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q1998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22388,"journal":{"name":"The BMJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Obesity: Only half of England has access to comprehensive weight loss services.","authors":"Elisabeth Mahase","doi":"10.1136/bmj.q1950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.q1950","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22388,"journal":{"name":"The BMJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142174838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective To assess efficacy and safety of laughter exercise in patients with symptomatic dry eye disease. Design Non-inferiority randomised controlled trial. Setting Recruitment was from clinics and community and the trial took place at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, the largest ophthalmic centre in China, between 18 June 2020 to 8 January 2021. Participants People with symptomatic dry eye disease aged 18-45 years with ocular surface disease index scores ranging from 18 to 80 and tear film break-up time of eight seconds or less. Interventions Participants were randomised 1:1 to receive laughter exercise or artificial tears (0.1% sodium hyaluronic acid eyedrop, control group) four times daily for eight weeks. The laughter exercise group viewed an instructional video and participants were requested to vocalise the phrases “Hee hee hee, hah hah hah, cheese cheese cheese, cheek cheek cheek, hah hah hah hah hah hah” 30 times per five minute session. Investigators assessing study outcomes were masked to group assignment but participants were unmasked for practical reasons. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the mean change in the ocular surface disease index (0-100, higher scores indicating worse ocular surface discomfort) from baseline to eight weeks in the per protocol population. The non-inferiority margin was 6 points of this index score. Main secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients with a decrease from baseline in ocular surface disease index score of at least 10 points and changes in dry eye disease signs, for example, non-invasive tear break up time at eight weeks. Results 299 participants (mean age 28.9 years; 74% female) were randomly assigned to receive laughter exercise (n=149) or 0.1% sodium hyaluronic acid (n=150). 283 (95%) completed the trial. The mean change in ocular surface disease index score at eight weeks was −10.5 points (95% confidence interval (CI) −13.1 to −7.82) in the laughter exercise group and −8.83 (−11.7 to −6.02) in the control group. The upper boundary of the CI for difference in change between groups was lower than the non-inferiority margin (mean difference −1.45 points (95% CI −5.08 to 2.19); P=0.43), supporting non-inferiority. Among secondary outcomes, the laughter exercise was better in improving non-invasive tear break up time (mean difference 2.30 seconds (95% CI 1.30 to 3.30), P<0.001); other secondary outcomes showed no significant difference. No adverse events were noted in either study group. Conclusions The laughter exercise was non-inferior to 0.1% sodium hyaluronic acid in relieving subjective symptoms in patients with dry eye disease with limited corneal staining over eight weeks intervention. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT04421300][1]. All data requests should be submitted to lianglingyi@gzzoc.com for consideration. Access to anonymised data may be granted after review. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT04421300&at
{"title":"Effect of laughter exercise versus 0.1% sodium hyaluronic acid on ocular surface discomfort in dry eye disease: non-inferiority randomised controlled trial","authors":"Jing Li, Yinglin Liao, Shi-Yao Zhang, Ling Jin, Nathan Congdon, Zixin Fan, Yangfa Zeng, Yingfeng Zheng, Zuguo Liu, Yizhi Liu, Lingyi Liang","doi":"10.1136/bmj-2024-080474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-080474","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To assess efficacy and safety of laughter exercise in patients with symptomatic dry eye disease. Design Non-inferiority randomised controlled trial. Setting Recruitment was from clinics and community and the trial took place at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, the largest ophthalmic centre in China, between 18 June 2020 to 8 January 2021. Participants People with symptomatic dry eye disease aged 18-45 years with ocular surface disease index scores ranging from 18 to 80 and tear film break-up time of eight seconds or less. Interventions Participants were randomised 1:1 to receive laughter exercise or artificial tears (0.1% sodium hyaluronic acid eyedrop, control group) four times daily for eight weeks. The laughter exercise group viewed an instructional video and participants were requested to vocalise the phrases “Hee hee hee, hah hah hah, cheese cheese cheese, cheek cheek cheek, hah hah hah hah hah hah” 30 times per five minute session. Investigators assessing study outcomes were masked to group assignment but participants were unmasked for practical reasons. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the mean change in the ocular surface disease index (0-100, higher scores indicating worse ocular surface discomfort) from baseline to eight weeks in the per protocol population. The non-inferiority margin was 6 points of this index score. Main secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients with a decrease from baseline in ocular surface disease index score of at least 10 points and changes in dry eye disease signs, for example, non-invasive tear break up time at eight weeks. Results 299 participants (mean age 28.9 years; 74% female) were randomly assigned to receive laughter exercise (n=149) or 0.1% sodium hyaluronic acid (n=150). 283 (95%) completed the trial. The mean change in ocular surface disease index score at eight weeks was −10.5 points (95% confidence interval (CI) −13.1 to −7.82) in the laughter exercise group and −8.83 (−11.7 to −6.02) in the control group. The upper boundary of the CI for difference in change between groups was lower than the non-inferiority margin (mean difference −1.45 points (95% CI −5.08 to 2.19); P=0.43), supporting non-inferiority. Among secondary outcomes, the laughter exercise was better in improving non-invasive tear break up time (mean difference 2.30 seconds (95% CI 1.30 to 3.30), P<0.001); other secondary outcomes showed no significant difference. No adverse events were noted in either study group. Conclusions The laughter exercise was non-inferior to 0.1% sodium hyaluronic acid in relieving subjective symptoms in patients with dry eye disease with limited corneal staining over eight weeks intervention. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT04421300][1]. All data requests should be submitted to lianglingyi@gzzoc.com for consideration. Access to anonymised data may be granted after review. [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT04421300&at","PeriodicalId":22388,"journal":{"name":"The BMJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142170726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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