Doping is a worldwide problem that harms athletes' health and undermines the spirit of sport. Studies have shown that male athletes are more prone to doping than female athletes. Athletes with mastery climate have been associated with anti-doping attitudes, while those with performance climate have pro-doping attitudes. However, it is unclear whether motivational climate is equally important to attitude towards doping for males and females. Data were collected from 323 runners in Elgeyo-Marakwet County, Kenya, using cross-sectional survey design. Runners self-reported their motivational climate using Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire and attitudes towards doping using Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale. Correlational analysis indicated significant inverse relationship between mastery climate and doping attitude (rho = -.242; p < .001) and significant positive correlation between performance climate and doping attitude, (rho = .362; p < .001). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed performance and mastery climate were significant predictors of attitudes towards doping (F (3, 319) = 28.24, p = .001), and gender did not moderate the relations between motivational climate and doping attitudes (β = -.028, p = .621). MANOVA results showed male athletes were significantly lower in performance climate scores (p = .045) and non-significantly low in mastery climate scores (p =.075) and doping attitude scores (p = .595) than females. In conclusion, performance climate was associated with doping attitudes in females- but not in males. Therefore, policy frameworks that buttresses the aspects of mastery climate as opposed to performance climate in females is likely to promote anti-doping attitudes.
{"title":"Motivational climate and attitudes towards doping among Kenyan endurance runners","authors":"Kevin K. Kipchumba, E. Rintaugu, F. Mwangi","doi":"10.55860/prno5834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/prno5834","url":null,"abstract":"Doping is a worldwide problem that harms athletes' health and undermines the spirit of sport. Studies have shown that male athletes are more prone to doping than female athletes. Athletes with mastery climate have been associated with anti-doping attitudes, while those with performance climate have pro-doping attitudes. However, it is unclear whether motivational climate is equally important to attitude towards doping for males and females. Data were collected from 323 runners in Elgeyo-Marakwet County, Kenya, using cross-sectional survey design. Runners self-reported their motivational climate using Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire and attitudes towards doping using Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale. Correlational analysis indicated significant inverse relationship between mastery climate and doping attitude (rho = -.242; p < .001) and significant positive correlation between performance climate and doping attitude, (rho = .362; p < .001). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed performance and mastery climate were significant predictors of attitudes towards doping (F (3, 319) = 28.24, p = .001), and gender did not moderate the relations between motivational climate and doping attitudes (β = -.028, p = .621). MANOVA results showed male athletes were significantly lower in performance climate scores (p = .045) and non-significantly low in mastery climate scores (p =.075) and doping attitude scores (p = .595) than females. In conclusion, performance climate was associated with doping attitudes in females- but not in males. Therefore, policy frameworks that buttresses the aspects of mastery climate as opposed to performance climate in females is likely to promote anti-doping attitudes.","PeriodicalId":224249,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131872120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oxidative stress induced by physical activity has received much attention in recent years due to numerous research papers. Physical activities (aerobic, anaerobic and resistance training) lead to an increased production of highly oxidative substances (RONS, both oxygen and nitrogen containing radicals) and this effect depends mainly on the intensity of muscular work. The combination of anaerobic and aerobic energy systems, as seen in judoka, provides more pathways for free radical production than single exercise training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a non-invasive, simple battery to assess and monitor oxidative stress in judo athletes to better characterize the oxidative stress response to anaerobic and aerobic incremental exercise typical of the judo discipline.
{"title":"Non-invasive approach for the assessment of oxidative stress after intense judo activities","authors":"P. Sist, R. Urbani","doi":"10.55860/wmaw9421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/wmaw9421","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative stress induced by physical activity has received much attention in recent years due to numerous research papers. Physical activities (aerobic, anaerobic and resistance training) lead to an increased production of highly oxidative substances (RONS, both oxygen and nitrogen containing radicals) and this effect depends mainly on the intensity of muscular work. The combination of anaerobic and aerobic energy systems, as seen in judoka, provides more pathways for free radical production than single exercise training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of a non-invasive, simple battery to assess and monitor oxidative stress in judo athletes to better characterize the oxidative stress response to anaerobic and aerobic incremental exercise typical of the judo discipline.","PeriodicalId":224249,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123008504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The global aging of the population will lead to an increase in social and economic demands, so keeping the elderly active has become a priority. According to the WHO Guidelines, regular physical activity is essential for staying active and healthy and often the best opportunity to do this is at home. Strength activities are frequently set aside because they are considered useless or even risky, but on the contrary have great importance for maintaining of the physical well-being Home-Fitness is an excellent effective and accessible tool for everyone because it brings benefits on a physical and cognitive level, while staying at home. The objective to deepen all aspects related to physical exercise at home in ageing, through a systematic review of the scientific literature, investigating what are the evidence of greatest interest. The evidence determines in depth the relationship between physical activity at home and the elderly, concluding that, those who exercise regularly have a higher quality of life compared to less active subjects. The current COVID-19 pandemic should serve as an impetus for progress in this field.
{"title":"Home-fitness and active ageing","authors":"A. Capriotti, Valeria Patregnani, A. Federici","doi":"10.55860/iius3216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/iius3216","url":null,"abstract":"The global aging of the population will lead to an increase in social and economic demands, so keeping the elderly active has become a priority. According to the WHO Guidelines, regular physical activity is essential for staying active and healthy and often the best opportunity to do this is at home. Strength activities are frequently set aside because they are considered useless or even risky, but on the contrary have great importance for maintaining of the physical well-being Home-Fitness is an excellent effective and accessible tool for everyone because it brings benefits on a physical and cognitive level, while staying at home. The objective to deepen all aspects related to physical exercise at home in ageing, through a systematic review of the scientific literature, investigating what are the evidence of greatest interest. The evidence determines in depth the relationship between physical activity at home and the elderly, concluding that, those who exercise regularly have a higher quality of life compared to less active subjects. The current COVID-19 pandemic should serve as an impetus for progress in this field.","PeriodicalId":224249,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131847785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is the first to use inter-distance differences in shooting direction error to investigate the influence of visual perception on basketball shooting performance. Thirty-two experienced basketball athletes (NCAA Division I-III: n = 15, Canadian U Sports Association: n = 13, National Basketball Association: n = 4) attempted blocks of 25 jump shots from a near (free throw) and far distance (three-point attempt). Differences in the root-mean-square deviation of lateral direction error as distance increased, ΔLDE, were used to measure an individual’s change in lateral accuracy as the target changed within their visual field. The mean ΔLDE was -0.18 degrees (p < .001, 95% CI: -0.25 – -0.11) indicating that an individual’s lateral direction accuracy worsened as shooting distance decreased and external visual cues transitioned away from their central vision. Shooting performance had a strong positive correlation with ΔLDE (r = 0.57, p = .001) indicating that better shooters have a higher ability to adapt to the changes in visual perception with distance and experienced smaller reductions in lateral accuracy as shooting distance decreased. These findings show that visual perception has a significant role in basketball shooting performance and that ΔLDE is a valuable measure for assessing how an athlete’s proficiency in visual perception contributes to their performance.
{"title":"Inter-distance differences in aiming error and visual perception influence shooting performance in basketball","authors":"N. Slegers","doi":"10.55860/josj2411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/josj2411","url":null,"abstract":"This study is the first to use inter-distance differences in shooting direction error to investigate the influence of visual perception on basketball shooting performance. Thirty-two experienced basketball athletes (NCAA Division I-III: n = 15, Canadian U Sports Association: n = 13, National Basketball Association: n = 4) attempted blocks of 25 jump shots from a near (free throw) and far distance (three-point attempt). Differences in the root-mean-square deviation of lateral direction error as distance increased, ΔLDE, were used to measure an individual’s change in lateral accuracy as the target changed within their visual field. The mean ΔLDE was -0.18 degrees (p < .001, 95% CI: -0.25 – -0.11) indicating that an individual’s lateral direction accuracy worsened as shooting distance decreased and external visual cues transitioned away from their central vision. Shooting performance had a strong positive correlation with ΔLDE (r = 0.57, p = .001) indicating that better shooters have a higher ability to adapt to the changes in visual perception with distance and experienced smaller reductions in lateral accuracy as shooting distance decreased. These findings show that visual perception has a significant role in basketball shooting performance and that ΔLDE is a valuable measure for assessing how an athlete’s proficiency in visual perception contributes to their performance.","PeriodicalId":224249,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131992958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Elvira, David Tomás-Casamian, M. J. Gomis-Gomis, Luis Wyche, Mario Terol-Sanchis, Pablo Pérez-Suárez
The objective of the present study is to determine the reliability of the measurements in the parameters of body composition of the Smart Performance measurement device and to compare the results with those produced by the InBody 270 device. Ten professional-level male athletes (mean weight = 58.4 kg ; height = 165.4 cm; BMI = 26.9 kg/m2) were analysed. An experimental design of a single cohort was carried out. Participants were tested on two 5-point bioimpedance devices: In-Body 270 (Biospace, Seoul, Korea) and Smart Performance. Measurements were made in the after-noon (6:30 p.m. - 7:30 p.m.). The variables used were weight (kg), fat mass (kg), muscle mass (kg), body water (L), BMI (kg/m2), protein and minerals. the Smart Performance Composition device presents a high degree of reliability for the analysis of body composition and its use at a recreation-al, sports and scientific level.
{"title":"Comparison of a new bioelectrical impedance device and its use in the assessment of body composition","authors":"Carlos Elvira, David Tomás-Casamian, M. J. Gomis-Gomis, Luis Wyche, Mario Terol-Sanchis, Pablo Pérez-Suárez","doi":"10.55860/esxr2311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/esxr2311","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study is to determine the reliability of the measurements in the parameters of body composition of the Smart Performance measurement device and to compare the results with those produced by the InBody 270 device. Ten professional-level male athletes (mean weight = 58.4 kg ; height = 165.4 cm; BMI = 26.9 kg/m2) were analysed. An experimental design of a single cohort was carried out. Participants were tested on two 5-point bioimpedance devices: In-Body 270 (Biospace, Seoul, Korea) and Smart Performance. Measurements were made in the after-noon (6:30 p.m. - 7:30 p.m.). The variables used were weight (kg), fat mass (kg), muscle mass (kg), body water (L), BMI (kg/m2), protein and minerals. the Smart Performance Composition device presents a high degree of reliability for the analysis of body composition and its use at a recreation-al, sports and scientific level.","PeriodicalId":224249,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114512738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yusuke Ikeda, R. Nara, Y. Baba, Shoichiro Yamashiro, Tetsuya Hisamitsu, Y. Shimoyama
The relationship between power output underwater and on land was investigated by evaluation of underwater power output by the back and upper limbs. Thirteen male competitive swimmers performed the one underwater arm stroke (OUAS) trial, medicine ball overhead slam (MBOS) trial, and lat pull-down test as a predictor of back and upper-limb strength and power underwater and on land. The maximum horizontal velocity of the greater trochanter in OUAS correlated with all vertical velocities of the MB at release in MBOS (r = 0.544 – 0.777), with 5 repetition maximums in the lat pull-down test (r = 0.555 – 0.729), and with FINA points (r = 0.783). In the OUAS trial, increases in horizontal velocity from the start of the OUAS to the maximum horizontal velocity correlated with horizontal velocity at the start of trial, and high-level swimmers accelerated their body in a manner that was dependent on horizontal velocity at the start of the OUAS. These results suggest that underwater power output using only the upper limbs is closely associated with power and strength in dry-land exercise, and that back and upper-limb power and strength are crucial physical elements for competitive swimmers.
{"title":"Relationship between dry-land upper-limb power and underwater stroke power using medicine ball overhead slam as a predictor of swimming speed by upper limbs only","authors":"Yusuke Ikeda, R. Nara, Y. Baba, Shoichiro Yamashiro, Tetsuya Hisamitsu, Y. Shimoyama","doi":"10.55860/abxa5544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/abxa5544","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between power output underwater and on land was investigated by evaluation of underwater power output by the back and upper limbs. Thirteen male competitive swimmers performed the one underwater arm stroke (OUAS) trial, medicine ball overhead slam (MBOS) trial, and lat pull-down test as a predictor of back and upper-limb strength and power underwater and on land. The maximum horizontal velocity of the greater trochanter in OUAS correlated with all vertical velocities of the MB at release in MBOS (r = 0.544 – 0.777), with 5 repetition maximums in the lat pull-down test (r = 0.555 – 0.729), and with FINA points (r = 0.783). In the OUAS trial, increases in horizontal velocity from the start of the OUAS to the maximum horizontal velocity correlated with horizontal velocity at the start of trial, and high-level swimmers accelerated their body in a manner that was dependent on horizontal velocity at the start of the OUAS. These results suggest that underwater power output using only the upper limbs is closely associated with power and strength in dry-land exercise, and that back and upper-limb power and strength are crucial physical elements for competitive swimmers.","PeriodicalId":224249,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123891614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Adams, P. Oppong, Johnson Kwakye Worlanyo, Sarah Prudence Agblo, Stephan Owusu, Monday Omoniyi Moses
According to WHO, obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally. In spite of growing public awareness of the importance of weight loss, obesity prevalence continues to rise with at least 2.8 million people dying each year as a result of being overweight or obese. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of jogging exercise programme (JEP) on anthropometric parameters, dietary habit and sleep quality of obese Ghanaian university students. This randomised controlled study employed 33 obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) students from a tertiary university in Ghana. The experimental group participated in a six-week, 3-5 times/week JEP for 45 and 40 minutes per session while the control group had intervention free session. Anthropometric parameters were assessed using the Omron body composition analyser and a standard tape measure. Sleep quality and Dietary habit were determined using a pre-validated Sleep Quality Scale and Performance of a Brief Dietary Assessment and Intervention tool for Health Professionals questionnaire respectively. The participants had a mean age of 21.70 ± 3.74 years. There were 14 (42.4%) males and 19 (57.6%) females of which 26 (80.8%) were indigenous and 7 (19.2%) were international students. There was significant decrease in body mass index, waist to hip ratio, and visceral fat; and increase in sleep quality (p < .05) at the end of the intervention period. However, the dietary habit of the experimental group did not change significantly (p > .05). In conclusion, JEP has positive impacts on anthropometric parameters and sleep quality of obese persons.
{"title":"Effects of a controlled exercise programme on anthropometric parameters, dietary habit and sleep quality of obese university students","authors":"C. Adams, P. Oppong, Johnson Kwakye Worlanyo, Sarah Prudence Agblo, Stephan Owusu, Monday Omoniyi Moses","doi":"10.55860/ooth5548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/ooth5548","url":null,"abstract":"According to WHO, obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally. In spite of growing public awareness of the importance of weight loss, obesity prevalence continues to rise with at least 2.8 million people dying each year as a result of being overweight or obese. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of jogging exercise programme (JEP) on anthropometric parameters, dietary habit and sleep quality of obese Ghanaian university students. This randomised controlled study employed 33 obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) students from a tertiary university in Ghana. The experimental group participated in a six-week, 3-5 times/week JEP for 45 and 40 minutes per session while the control group had intervention free session. Anthropometric parameters were assessed using the Omron body composition analyser and a standard tape measure. Sleep quality and Dietary habit were determined using a pre-validated Sleep Quality Scale and Performance of a Brief Dietary Assessment and Intervention tool for Health Professionals questionnaire respectively. The participants had a mean age of 21.70 ± 3.74 years. There were 14 (42.4%) males and 19 (57.6%) females of which 26 (80.8%) were indigenous and 7 (19.2%) were international students. There was significant decrease in body mass index, waist to hip ratio, and visceral fat; and increase in sleep quality (p < .05) at the end of the intervention period. However, the dietary habit of the experimental group did not change significantly (p > .05). In conclusion, JEP has positive impacts on anthropometric parameters and sleep quality of obese persons.","PeriodicalId":224249,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132291111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roni Gottlieb, Asaf Shalom, P. Alcaraz, J. Calleja-González
This study aimed at developing and validating an innovative field test for measuring the aerobic capacity of basketball players during games. Such capacity is necessary for recovering from high frequency anaerobic actions such as sprinting and continuing to perform well. To recover, the body must rebuild its creatine phosphate reserve and emit accumulated phosphate in very short periods of time. The participants included 21 male basketball players on an elite youth league in Israel, aged 16.4 years on average. In addition to participating in the proposed test (Yo-Yo Recovery Test for Basketball Players) twice (test/re-test), the players also performed three previously validated tests (Bruce Protocol Stress Test, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 Test, and Yo-Yo Endurance Test). For each test, the players’ time and distance covered were documented, as were their maximum oxygen consumption and heartrate during recovery, and their perceived level of exertion. Our findings indicate the validity and reliability of the proposed aerobic field test for basketball players. Moreover, the test requires shorter times and distances for obtaining results than the other three tests. As such, this tool could be highly beneficial for basketball coaches in creating optimal training programs and game plans for each individual player and for the entire team.
{"title":"Validity and reliability of a unique aerobic field test for estimating VO2max among basketball players","authors":"Roni Gottlieb, Asaf Shalom, P. Alcaraz, J. Calleja-González","doi":"10.55860/trmf2461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/trmf2461","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at developing and validating an innovative field test for measuring the aerobic capacity of basketball players during games. Such capacity is necessary for recovering from high frequency anaerobic actions such as sprinting and continuing to perform well. To recover, the body must rebuild its creatine phosphate reserve and emit accumulated phosphate in very short periods of time. The participants included 21 male basketball players on an elite youth league in Israel, aged 16.4 years on average. In addition to participating in the proposed test (Yo-Yo Recovery Test for Basketball Players) twice (test/re-test), the players also performed three previously validated tests (Bruce Protocol Stress Test, Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 Test, and Yo-Yo Endurance Test). For each test, the players’ time and distance covered were documented, as were their maximum oxygen consumption and heartrate during recovery, and their perceived level of exertion. Our findings indicate the validity and reliability of the proposed aerobic field test for basketball players. Moreover, the test requires shorter times and distances for obtaining results than the other three tests. As such, this tool could be highly beneficial for basketball coaches in creating optimal training programs and game plans for each individual player and for the entire team.","PeriodicalId":224249,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133724279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tensiomyography (TMG) is a non-invasive method to determine contractile parameters of skeletal muscles. Several methodological factors, however, might affect TMG results. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of specific sensor position shifts on tensiomyographic parameters. 14 healthy males (age: 22.6 ± 1.2 years) participated in the study. TMG measurements were performed for rectus femoris (RF), gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) on five sensor positions. The original sensor position (OP) was the recommended position on the muscle belly while for the shifted positions, the sensor was displaced one centimetre medially, laterally, proximally, and distally. TMG parameters measured were maximum radial displacement (Dm) and contraction time (Tc). To investigate the effect of sensor position shift, repeated-measures ANOVAs were performed. The ANOVAs revealed significant differences across the five sensor positions for RF and GM. Posthoc analysis showed significant reductions in Dm by 10 % (p = .03) and in Tc by 12 % (p = .008) in the laterally shifted sensor position for RF. For GM, Dm was significantly reduced by 20 % (p = .038) in the medially displaced sensor position. The results suggest that incorrect sensor positioning has an impact on TMG parameters, especially when incorrectly positioned in the medial-lateral direction.
{"title":"The effect of sensor position shifts on tensiomyographic parameters","authors":"Stefanie John, Nico Leon Stallmach, K. Witte","doi":"10.55860/rpzl3362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/rpzl3362","url":null,"abstract":"Tensiomyography (TMG) is a non-invasive method to determine contractile parameters of skeletal muscles. Several methodological factors, however, might affect TMG results. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of specific sensor position shifts on tensiomyographic parameters. 14 healthy males (age: 22.6 ± 1.2 years) participated in the study. TMG measurements were performed for rectus femoris (RF), gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) on five sensor positions. The original sensor position (OP) was the recommended position on the muscle belly while for the shifted positions, the sensor was displaced one centimetre medially, laterally, proximally, and distally. TMG parameters measured were maximum radial displacement (Dm) and contraction time (Tc). To investigate the effect of sensor position shift, repeated-measures ANOVAs were performed. The ANOVAs revealed significant differences across the five sensor positions for RF and GM. Posthoc analysis showed significant reductions in Dm by 10 % (p = .03) and in Tc by 12 % (p = .008) in the laterally shifted sensor position for RF. For GM, Dm was significantly reduced by 20 % (p = .038) in the medially displaced sensor position. The results suggest that incorrect sensor positioning has an impact on TMG parameters, especially when incorrectly positioned in the medial-lateral direction.","PeriodicalId":224249,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134317339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates and clarifies the recent changes in competition records and throwing methods of the men's shot put in Japan and abroad and presents data to contribute to the improvement of the future performance of the sport. In the world, the 16 major competitions analysed in this study were divided into two major periods: the 2000s (2000-2009) and the post-2011 period (2011-2021), and the winning throws were tabulated by country. As a result, out of 128 winners in 16 competitions in 22 years, 39 were glide throwers and 89 were rotation throwers, and the implementation rate of rotation throwing was approximately 69.5%. On the other hand in Japan, The ratio of rotational throws to the total number of winners in the past 22 years was 1.77 ± 1.31 on average. The highest number of rotational throwers among the eight winners was five in 2021. This study has shown that the use of the rotational throwing technique has enabled athletes from more regions to gain the ability to win prizes in global competitions.
{"title":"Evolution of throwing techniques in men’s shot put","authors":"Satashi Hatase, Yuta Takanashi","doi":"10.55860/ozzy9305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55860/ozzy9305","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates and clarifies the recent changes in competition records and throwing methods of the men's shot put in Japan and abroad and presents data to contribute to the improvement of the future performance of the sport. In the world, the 16 major competitions analysed in this study were divided into two major periods: the 2000s (2000-2009) and the post-2011 period (2011-2021), and the winning throws were tabulated by country. As a result, out of 128 winners in 16 competitions in 22 years, 39 were glide throwers and 89 were rotation throwers, and the implementation rate of rotation throwing was approximately 69.5%. On the other hand in Japan, The ratio of rotational throws to the total number of winners in the past 22 years was 1.77 ± 1.31 on average. The highest number of rotational throwers among the eight winners was five in 2021. This study has shown that the use of the rotational throwing technique has enabled athletes from more regions to gain the ability to win prizes in global competitions.","PeriodicalId":224249,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance","volume":"1783 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115143250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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