Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2020.37129.1161
Melad G. Paulis, I. Fawzy, Hana’ Qudsieh, Ayman Faheem
Background: Accurate estimation of the postmortem (PM) interval, despite being a routine daily forensic expert work, is still a challenging practice. Science continues to grow in this topic. Cartilage is a specific avascular, non-lymphatic, and non-nervous specific connective tissue. Objectives: This work aimed to assess the use of auricular elastic cartilage as a tool for estimation of late PM interval in human. Methods: Biopsies were taken from ear cartilages of 43 victims how died from suspicious criminal causes. Routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed. The following histopathological parameters were examined, perichondrium, the number of lacunae with chondrocytes, nuclear material, and extracellular matrix. A scoring system was used for each parameter in different postmortem (PM) intervals. Results: Cases were classified into 3 groups (1-7, 8-14-, and 15-21-days PM). The examined histological parameters give statistically significant changes across the tested PM intervals. The correlation coefficient between the tested parameters and PM intervals gives significant results. The r-value was highest with the percentage of lacunae without chondrocytes and lowest with perichondrium loss (r = 0.62 and 0.35 respectively). Conclusion: Auricular cartilage showed remarkable changes that are correlated with PM interval in human. In the future, a large sample should be investigated with studying the impaction of environmental factors on these changes.
{"title":"AURICULAR CARTILAGE AS A TOOL FOR POSTMORTEM INTERVAL ESTIMATION IN HUMAN","authors":"Melad G. Paulis, I. Fawzy, Hana’ Qudsieh, Ayman Faheem","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2020.37129.1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2020.37129.1161","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Accurate estimation of the postmortem (PM) interval, despite being a routine daily forensic expert work, is still a challenging practice. Science continues to grow in this topic. Cartilage is a specific avascular, non-lymphatic, and non-nervous specific connective tissue. Objectives: This work aimed to assess the use of auricular elastic cartilage as a tool for estimation of late PM interval in human. Methods: Biopsies were taken from ear cartilages of 43 victims how died from suspicious criminal causes. Routine haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed. The following histopathological parameters were examined, perichondrium, the number of lacunae with chondrocytes, nuclear material, and extracellular matrix. A scoring system was used for each parameter in different postmortem (PM) intervals. Results: Cases were classified into 3 groups (1-7, 8-14-, and 15-21-days PM). The examined histological parameters give statistically significant changes across the tested PM intervals. The correlation coefficient between the tested parameters and PM intervals gives significant results. The r-value was highest with the percentage of lacunae without chondrocytes and lowest with perichondrium loss (r = 0.62 and 0.35 respectively). Conclusion: Auricular cartilage showed remarkable changes that are correlated with PM interval in human. In the future, a large sample should be investigated with studying the impaction of environmental factors on these changes.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79926836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2021.53185.1180
Fatma M. Elgazzar, Ahmed El Dosoky, Sara Gonna
Introduction: Sex determination of the juvenile skeleton before puberty time is a difficult task. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of the hard palate measurements and the rugae patterns in determining the sex of the Egyptian children. Patients and Methodology: The study included 210 children of either sex aged 6-12 years old. Alginate impressions from the maxillary arches have been taken. We measured the hard palate length, width, and height by using a digital caliper. We also obtained palatal rugae patterns from the maxillary casts. The patterns included the rugae length, shape, direction, and unification. Results: The mean palatal length, width, and height were significantly higher in males than females (p<0.001), and they displayed a significant-good power in predicting male sex (area under the curves (AUCs) were 0.85, 0.87, and 0.80 respectively). The median number of curved rugae was significantly lower in males (p=0.002), while the straight shape rugae exhibited a significantly higher number in males than females (p=0.004). Binary logistic regression revealed a model with excellent (AUC=0.968) power and overall accuracy of 91.43% for sex identification. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the hard palate dimensions and the rugae shape could be used as complementary tools to determine the sex of the Egyptian children.
{"title":"SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF THE PALATAL VAULT MORPHOMETRY AND RUGOSCOPY IN A SAMPLE OF EGYPTIAN CHILDREN POPULATION","authors":"Fatma M. Elgazzar, Ahmed El Dosoky, Sara Gonna","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2021.53185.1180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2021.53185.1180","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sex determination of the juvenile skeleton before puberty time is a difficult task. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of the hard palate measurements and the rugae patterns in determining the sex of the Egyptian children. Patients and Methodology: The study included 210 children of either sex aged 6-12 years old. Alginate impressions from the maxillary arches have been taken. We measured the hard palate length, width, and height by using a digital caliper. We also obtained palatal rugae patterns from the maxillary casts. The patterns included the rugae length, shape, direction, and unification. Results: The mean palatal length, width, and height were significantly higher in males than females (p<0.001), and they displayed a significant-good power in predicting male sex (area under the curves (AUCs) were 0.85, 0.87, and 0.80 respectively). The median number of curved rugae was significantly lower in males (p=0.002), while the straight shape rugae exhibited a significantly higher number in males than females (p=0.004). Binary logistic regression revealed a model with excellent (AUC=0.968) power and overall accuracy of 91.43% for sex identification. Conclusion: These findings indicate that the hard palate dimensions and the rugae shape could be used as complementary tools to determine the sex of the Egyptian children.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84641176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2020.36121.1159
O. Sweilum, R. Habib
Background: The sex determination of the individual plays a vital role in establishing the remains of anthropologists. The characterization of the hyoid bone is made possible by analyzing sexually dimorphic features, enabling it to occasionally be utilized in the sex determination part of establishing the biological profile parameters in skeletal remains. The hyoid bone is the crucial bone in the forensic investigation of neck trauma (as strangulation). This study aims to evaluate the application of the hyoid bone metric measurements and hyoid bone density to identify sex in the Egyptian population using two-dimensional computed tomography (CT) images methodology. Patients and methods: This is a cross-sectional study done on thoracic Computed Tomography (CT) of 103 general Egyptian populations constituting 54 males and 49 females. The statistics against the following parameters were noted from each patient: Bone density in Hounsfield unite by CT (HU), the distance between bilateral greater horns (GH), the distance between bilateral lesser horns (LH), distance from the most anterior end of the hyoid arch to great horns (AP).
{"title":"Identification of human sex from hyoid bone using thoracic computed tomography (CT) Images (a cross-sectional study) .","authors":"O. Sweilum, R. Habib","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2020.36121.1159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2020.36121.1159","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The sex determination of the individual plays a vital role in establishing the remains of anthropologists. The characterization of the hyoid bone is made possible by analyzing sexually dimorphic features, enabling it to occasionally be utilized in the sex determination part of establishing the biological profile parameters in skeletal remains. The hyoid bone is the crucial bone in the forensic investigation of neck trauma (as strangulation). This study aims to evaluate the application of the hyoid bone metric measurements and hyoid bone density to identify sex in the Egyptian population using two-dimensional computed tomography (CT) images methodology. Patients and methods: This is a cross-sectional study done on thoracic Computed Tomography (CT) of 103 general Egyptian populations constituting 54 males and 49 females. The statistics against the following parameters were noted from each patient: Bone density in Hounsfield unite by CT (HU), the distance between bilateral greater horns (GH), the distance between bilateral lesser horns (LH), distance from the most anterior end of the hyoid arch to great horns (AP).","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89557460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2021.31643.1154
Haidy Abouhatab, Samy M. Badawy, N. Gergis, Amira El Seidy, Setohom Elagamy
Objectives: The aim of this work was to search for different patterns of violence against children presenting to Menoufia University hospital as regards socio-demographic data and Possible risk factors,type of violence Background: In every country, girls and boys suffer every day, and witness violence. Violence against children cuts across boundaries of culture, class, education, income and ethnic origin, and occurs in many alternative settings .Violence against children include physical, sexual and psychological violence . Methods: All cases of children exposed for different patterns of violence presenting to Menoufia University hospital asking for medico legal report during two year (from 1st of December 2016 to 31st of November 2018) were included in the study .The study was conducted after approval from ethical committee ofFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia University. Results: The study concluded that the most reported type of child violence is physical type, indoor, repeated, with rates being higher for females than for males. The prevalence was higher in rural than urban residency. The majority of the perpetrators were male, (father inside the family and friends from outside the family), manual workers ,with below secondary education ,heavy smoking . Divorced parents with large families .The driving forces of violence against children are family troubles, financial and immoral causes
{"title":"Violence Against Children In Menoufia University Hospitals : Prevalence, Risk Factors and Socio-Demographic Correlates.","authors":"Haidy Abouhatab, Samy M. Badawy, N. Gergis, Amira El Seidy, Setohom Elagamy","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2021.31643.1154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2021.31643.1154","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The aim of this work was to search for different patterns of violence against children presenting to Menoufia University hospital as regards socio-demographic data and Possible risk factors,type of violence Background: In every country, girls and boys suffer every day, and witness violence. Violence against children cuts across boundaries of culture, class, education, income and ethnic origin, and occurs in many alternative settings .Violence against children include physical, sexual and psychological violence . Methods: All cases of children exposed for different patterns of violence presenting to Menoufia University hospital asking for medico legal report during two year (from 1st of December 2016 to 31st of November 2018) were included in the study .The study was conducted after approval from ethical committee ofFaculty of Medicine, Menoufia University. Results: The study concluded that the most reported type of child violence is physical type, indoor, repeated, with rates being higher for females than for males. The prevalence was higher in rural than urban residency. The majority of the perpetrators were male, (father inside the family and friends from outside the family), manual workers ,with below secondary education ,heavy smoking . Divorced parents with large families .The driving forces of violence against children are family troubles, financial and immoral causes","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80331172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The determination of sex and estimation of age are parameters that help in the identification of individuals in all fields of forensic science. The aim of this study was to calculate standard measurements according to sex and age in morphometric analysis of the 4th costa using multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT). Material and Method: Measurements were taken on MSCT images of patients aged 20-70 years, who had undergone CT imaging for various reasons. Using the morphometric characteristics of the 4th costa and junction with the spine on the thorax CT images, measurements were taken of the angulation of the right and left 4th costa, the distance between the sternum and the vertebra, the distance between the two costae, the distance between the two ends of the right and left 4th costa separately, and the depth of the two costae. Adding age and gender to these variables, 10 parameters were evaluated in total. Results: As a result of the analyses, the mean values of right costovertebral angle, sternum-vertebra distance, inter-costal distance, left and right costa lengths, and left costa depth were found to be statistically significant according to sex. In the differentiation of age groups, the right costovertebral angle, the sternum- vertebra distance, and the right and left costa lengths were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study of a Turkish population showed that the morphometric properties of the 4th costa show differences in the determination of age and sex. With the benefit of these differences, it is possible to differentiate males and females, and even age groups. As there are societal differences, standard morphometric values have to be determined so it will be necessary to conduct these studies more widely and obtain appropriate standard values for every population.
{"title":"AGE AND SEX DETERMINATION FROM THE MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 4TH COSTA ON MULTI-SLICE COMPUTERİZED TOMOGRAPHY","authors":"Mucahit Oruç, O. Celbiş, Semih Petekkaya, Gokhan Demirtas, Bedirhan Sezer Öner, Ismail Altin","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2020.29693.1145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2020.29693.1145","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The determination of sex and estimation of age are parameters that help in the identification of individuals in all fields of forensic science. The aim of this study was to calculate standard measurements according to sex and age in morphometric analysis of the 4th costa using multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT). Material and Method: Measurements were taken on MSCT images of patients aged 20-70 years, who had undergone CT imaging for various reasons. Using the morphometric characteristics of the 4th costa and junction with the spine on the thorax CT images, measurements were taken of the angulation of the right and left 4th costa, the distance between the sternum and the vertebra, the distance between the two costae, the distance between the two ends of the right and left 4th costa separately, and the depth of the two costae. Adding age and gender to these variables, 10 parameters were evaluated in total. Results: As a result of the analyses, the mean values of right costovertebral angle, sternum-vertebra distance, inter-costal distance, left and right costa lengths, and left costa depth were found to be statistically significant according to sex. In the differentiation of age groups, the right costovertebral angle, the sternum- vertebra distance, and the right and left costa lengths were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study of a Turkish population showed that the morphometric properties of the 4th costa show differences in the determination of age and sex. With the benefit of these differences, it is possible to differentiate males and females, and even age groups. As there are societal differences, standard morphometric values have to be determined so it will be necessary to conduct these studies more widely and obtain appropriate standard values for every population.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88666900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2020.32659.1153
M. Mohamed, Mona Aly, Sara Y. Hamed, fatma Gawish, H. Zaghla, M. Khaled, S. Ibrahim, A. Elsawy
Hair dye poisoning is a significant emerging problem in Upper Egypt. The main component of hair dye causing toxicity is para-phenylenediamine (PPD). Ingestion of PPD could be accidental or suicidal. After oral intake, it is metabolized in the liver into N-mono-(MAPPD) and N, N′- diacetylated (DAPPD) metabolites. Tissue damage after PPD ingestions occurs due to increased free radical and oxidative stress that depletes tissue glutathione. Cardiac toxicity is a complication of PPD poisoning. It could be manifested by hypotension, different arrhythmia; besides, myocarditis and elevated cardiac biomarkers were also found. Serum and urinary levels of PPD, N-acetyl-p-phenylenediamine (MAPPD), and N--diacetyl-p-phenylenediamine (DAPPD) were measured by HPLC. A prospective cohort study was planned to determine the relationship between the serum and urinary PPD, N-acetyl-p-phenylenediamine (MAPPD) and N, on -diacetyl-p-phenylenediamine (DAPPD) levels with cardiac manifestations of the poisoned patient. Forty patients completed the diagnosis to have acute poisoning following hair dye ingestion. PPD and its metabolite concentrations did not show any significant correlation with the prevalence of cardiac toxicity and could not predict its occurrence among studied patient (p-value< .05)
染发剂中毒是上埃及一个重要的新问题。染发剂中引起毒性的主要成分是对苯二胺。摄入PPD可能是意外或自杀。口服后在肝脏代谢为N-单乙酰化(MAPPD)和N, N ' -二乙酰化(DAPPD)代谢物。PPD摄入后的组织损伤是由于自由基增加和氧化应激消耗组织谷胱甘肽而发生的。心脏毒性是PPD中毒的并发症。可表现为低血压、各种心律失常;此外，还发现心肌炎和心脏生物标志物升高。采用高效液相色谱法测定血清和尿液中PPD、N-乙酰基-对苯二胺(MAPPD)和N-二乙酰基-对苯二胺(DAPPD)水平。我们计划进行一项前瞻性队列研究，以确定血清和尿液PPD, N-乙酰基-对苯二胺(MAPPD)和N, on -二乙酰基-对苯二胺(DAPPD)水平与中毒患者心脏表现的关系。40例患者被诊断为染发剂摄入后急性中毒。PPD及其代谢物浓度与心脏毒性发生率无显著相关性，也不能预测其在研究患者中的发生(p值< 0.05)。
{"title":"HPLC DETECTION OF SERUM AND URINARY PARAPHENYLENE DIAMINE (PPD) LEVEL AND ITS METABOLITES IN RELATION TO CARDIAC TOXICITY","authors":"M. Mohamed, Mona Aly, Sara Y. Hamed, fatma Gawish, H. Zaghla, M. Khaled, S. Ibrahim, A. Elsawy","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2020.32659.1153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2020.32659.1153","url":null,"abstract":"Hair dye poisoning is a significant emerging problem in Upper Egypt. The main component of hair dye causing toxicity is para-phenylenediamine (PPD). Ingestion of PPD could be accidental or suicidal. After oral intake, it is metabolized in the liver into N-mono-(MAPPD) and N, N′- diacetylated (DAPPD) metabolites. Tissue damage after PPD ingestions occurs due to increased free radical and oxidative stress that depletes tissue glutathione. Cardiac toxicity is a complication of PPD poisoning. It could be manifested by hypotension, different arrhythmia; besides, myocarditis and elevated cardiac biomarkers were also found. Serum and urinary levels of PPD, N-acetyl-p-phenylenediamine (MAPPD), and N--diacetyl-p-phenylenediamine (DAPPD) were measured by HPLC. A prospective cohort study was planned to determine the relationship between the serum and urinary PPD, N-acetyl-p-phenylenediamine (MAPPD) and N, on -diacetyl-p-phenylenediamine (DAPPD) levels with cardiac manifestations of the poisoned patient. Forty patients completed the diagnosis to have acute poisoning following hair dye ingestion. PPD and its metabolite concentrations did not show any significant correlation with the prevalence of cardiac toxicity and could not predict its occurrence among studied patient (p-value< .05)","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72741627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2021.63222.1190
Amira A. Wahdan, A. Hafez
Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) represent a leading contributor to the global disease burden. Drivers involved in some RTAs were found to be under the influence of different drugs. Marijuana effects on driving risks are not thoroughly understood. The study aimed to compare the pattern, severity, and clinical outcome of injuries between marijuana-smoking drivers and non-drugged drivers in RTAs. Patients and Methods: This prospective, comparative study was carried out on 78 drivers admitted to the emergency department, Tanta University Emergency Hospital during the period from the start of January to the end of December 2018. All drivers were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, assessment of injury severity score (ISS) and revised trauma score (RTS), and detection of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in urine. Results: Thirty-six drivers tested positive for THC with a median level of 314.6 ng/ml. There was a lack of significant association between marijuana smoking and the site of injuries. The marijuana-positive group had a significantly higher frequency of skull fractures, ruptured spleen, intraperitoneal hemorrhage, and abrasions on the body surface when compared to the marijuana-negative group. The median ISS was non-significantly higher, and the mortality was significantly higher in the marijuana-positive group. The THC level correlated significantly and strongly with both ISS and RTS. A significantly higher median THC level was detected in non-survivors compared to survivors. Conclusion: It could be concluded that Marijuana smoking is associated with an increased mortality rate in victims of RTAs. There are strong correlations between THC level and both ISS and RTS, suggesting a dose-dependent effect of marijuana smoking.
{"title":"IN ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS, ARE THE PATTERN, SEVERITY, AND OUTCOME OF DRIVERS’ INJURIES AFFECTED BY MARIJUANA ABUSE?","authors":"Amira A. Wahdan, A. Hafez","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2021.63222.1190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2021.63222.1190","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) represent a leading contributor to the global disease burden. Drivers involved in some RTAs were found to be under the influence of different drugs. Marijuana effects on driving risks are not thoroughly understood. The study aimed to compare the pattern, severity, and clinical outcome of injuries between marijuana-smoking drivers and non-drugged drivers in RTAs. Patients and Methods: This prospective, comparative study was carried out on 78 drivers admitted to the emergency department, Tanta University Emergency Hospital during the period from the start of January to the end of December 2018. All drivers were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, assessment of injury severity score (ISS) and revised trauma score (RTS), and detection of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in urine. Results: Thirty-six drivers tested positive for THC with a median level of 314.6 ng/ml. There was a lack of significant association between marijuana smoking and the site of injuries. The marijuana-positive group had a significantly higher frequency of skull fractures, ruptured spleen, intraperitoneal hemorrhage, and abrasions on the body surface when compared to the marijuana-negative group. The median ISS was non-significantly higher, and the mortality was significantly higher in the marijuana-positive group. The THC level correlated significantly and strongly with both ISS and RTS. A significantly higher median THC level was detected in non-survivors compared to survivors. Conclusion: It could be concluded that Marijuana smoking is associated with an increased mortality rate in victims of RTAs. There are strong correlations between THC level and both ISS and RTS, suggesting a dose-dependent effect of marijuana smoking.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88207303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2020.34211.1156
Reham El-Farouny
Introduction: Head injuries (HI) are major threat to public health; they are significant risk factors for mortality in all age groups of population around the world. Head injury has impacted the countries ' economies causing some financial losses, and reduced productivity. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess pattern, occurrence mode, severity, associated factors, and outcome of traumatic head injuries in Menoufia University Hospital. Methodology: This was a cross sectional prospective study of 423 cases of traumatic head injury (THI) attended to Menoufia University Hospital over one year from 1st of January 2019 to the end of December 2019. Data about patient demographics, cause of injury, the instruments used, site, type of skull fractures or hemorrhage if present were gathered. Head injury severity was assessed by using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and outcome at time of discharge was documented. Results: Total 423 cases of traumatic head injury that met the inclusion criteria. 31% were in age between (30<45y), (25%) in age from (15<30y). Males approximately were three times more than females. Cases from rural areas represented (59.6%) versus (40.4%) from urban areas. Laborer followed by student were the mostly affected categories (49.5 %). The commonest cause was road traffic accidents (RTA) in 50.8%. Blunt instrument was frequently used agent (91%), while the most frequent site affected in skull was the more than one site in (30.3%). Skull fracture was the most common finding in computed tomography (CT) (31.7%). According to GCS, Mild cases (13-15) predominant than other degrees of coma representing 84.4%. The most common outcome was complete recovery (89.6%). highly significant relation was found between outcome and GCS. Conclusion: Traumatic injury to the head is a common injury among emergency unites' cases. The total number of cases was 423. The majority of cases were males. The age group most affected was between (30-<45y). Rural cases outnumbered those from urban areas. The most affected categories were laborer and student. RTA was the most common cause of traumatic head followed by assault. Intracranial hemorrhage and skull fractures are common association with THI.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF PATTERN AND OUTCOME OF TRAUMATIC HEAD INJURIES IN MENOUFIA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OVER ONE YEAR","authors":"Reham El-Farouny","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2020.34211.1156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2020.34211.1156","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Head injuries (HI) are major threat to public health; they are significant risk factors for mortality in all age groups of population around the world. Head injury has impacted the countries ' economies causing some financial losses, and reduced productivity. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess pattern, occurrence mode, severity, associated factors, and outcome of traumatic head injuries in Menoufia University Hospital. Methodology: This was a cross sectional prospective study of 423 cases of traumatic head injury (THI) attended to Menoufia University Hospital over one year from 1st of January 2019 to the end of December 2019. Data about patient demographics, cause of injury, the instruments used, site, type of skull fractures or hemorrhage if present were gathered. Head injury severity was assessed by using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and outcome at time of discharge was documented. Results: Total 423 cases of traumatic head injury that met the inclusion criteria. 31% were in age between (30<45y), (25%) in age from (15<30y). Males approximately were three times more than females. Cases from rural areas represented (59.6%) versus (40.4%) from urban areas. Laborer followed by student were the mostly affected categories (49.5 %). The commonest cause was road traffic accidents (RTA) in 50.8%. Blunt instrument was frequently used agent (91%), while the most frequent site affected in skull was the more than one site in (30.3%). Skull fracture was the most common finding in computed tomography (CT) (31.7%). According to GCS, Mild cases (13-15) predominant than other degrees of coma representing 84.4%. The most common outcome was complete recovery (89.6%). highly significant relation was found between outcome and GCS. Conclusion: Traumatic injury to the head is a common injury among emergency unites' cases. The total number of cases was 423. The majority of cases were males. The age group most affected was between (30-<45y). Rural cases outnumbered those from urban areas. The most affected categories were laborer and student. RTA was the most common cause of traumatic head followed by assault. Intracranial hemorrhage and skull fractures are common association with THI.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72896406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2020.38023.1162
Fatma M. Elgazzar, Kareem Alsharkawy, Rasha A. Elkholy, H. Lashin
Introduction: dating burn injury in humans remains a challenging issue in forensic medicine. T-lymphocytes have a fundamental role in the healing process of burn injury. The study aimed to characterize time-dependent changes in t-helper lymphocytes (cd4+) and tcytotoxic lymphocytes (cd8+) in human blood following thermal injury and to elucidate their accuracy in dating dry burn injury. Patients and methods: this cross-sectional study included adult patients, admitted with second and /or third-degree dry burn with a total body surface area ranged from 10% to 50%. Ten eligible patients were recruited independently at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 15th days following burn injury. Additionally, ten matched healthy subjects served as a control group. Besides the patient’s information, blood samples were withdrawn from each participant for flow cytometric analysis of cd4+ and cd8+ tcells. Results: percentages of cd4+ and cd8+ cells, and cd4+/cd8+ ratio exhibited a significant reduction in burnt patients compared to the control group throughout the first week after-burn. Additionally, there was a significant time-dependent decline between the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days, following the burn. Receiver operating characteristic (roc) analysis for these markers revealed a significant-excellent power of discrimination of burns aged less than 3 days (area under the curves were ≥0.9). Conclusion: it could be concluded that cd4+ and cd8+ t-cells in the human blood exhibited time-dependent changes after dry burns. They could help in dating acute dry burns in living humans with great accuracy, whatever the extent of burn injury.
{"title":"DATING DRY BURN INJURY IN HUMAN PATIENTS BY FLOW CYTOMETRY OF CD4+ AND CD8+ T-CELLS IN THE BLOOD","authors":"Fatma M. Elgazzar, Kareem Alsharkawy, Rasha A. Elkholy, H. Lashin","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2020.38023.1162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2020.38023.1162","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: dating burn injury in humans remains a challenging issue in forensic medicine. T-lymphocytes have a fundamental role in the healing process of burn injury. The study aimed to characterize time-dependent changes in t-helper lymphocytes (cd4+) and tcytotoxic lymphocytes (cd8+) in human blood following thermal injury and to elucidate their accuracy in dating dry burn injury. Patients and methods: this cross-sectional study included adult patients, admitted with second and /or third-degree dry burn with a total body surface area ranged from 10% to 50%. Ten eligible patients were recruited independently at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 15th days following burn injury. Additionally, ten matched healthy subjects served as a control group. Besides the patient’s information, blood samples were withdrawn from each participant for flow cytometric analysis of cd4+ and cd8+ tcells. Results: percentages of cd4+ and cd8+ cells, and cd4+/cd8+ ratio exhibited a significant reduction in burnt patients compared to the control group throughout the first week after-burn. Additionally, there was a significant time-dependent decline between the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days, following the burn. Receiver operating characteristic (roc) analysis for these markers revealed a significant-excellent power of discrimination of burns aged less than 3 days (area under the curves were ≥0.9). Conclusion: it could be concluded that cd4+ and cd8+ t-cells in the human blood exhibited time-dependent changes after dry burns. They could help in dating acute dry burns in living humans with great accuracy, whatever the extent of burn injury.","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87983634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-01DOI: 10.21608/ejfsat.2020.30972.1148
Dina Ibrahim
Background:Suicides are usually known to be either simple or complex, the latter which is defined as a combination of more than one method. Additionally, complex suicide can be practiced in an unplanned manner where several methods are used, consecutively, when the first method has not achieved the desired outcome. The procedure usually gets changed after the first method chosen failed, was working slowly, or proven to be overly painful. The rotation between failed suicidal acts causes difficulties in determining the manner and the mode of death. Method: In the present study, we will discuss some of the relevant previous studies regarding complex suicide and a systematic approach to managing such cases from a medicolegal perspective. Besides, an unusual case of complex suicide, which was handled in 2018 in the Kuwaiti Forensic Medicine Department, will be presented. She is a middle-aged female, domestic worker, who was found dead in the bathroom, with secured inlets and outlets from inside. She was incompletely hanged with multiple neck, chest, and abdominal cut wounds, apart from bilateral wrist cut. Furthermore, bloody knife, razor and razor-blade were found inside the basin. Result and conclusion: After a complete autopsy, forensic pathology and toxicology examination were done, the forensic and crime scene reports together with the criminal investigations were declared. Consequently, the case was reported as a complex suicide case and the cause of death was haemorrhagic shock after lung stabbing. The case represents a novel complex suicide with self-stabbing, wrist cutting and hanging
{"title":"Complex suicide-A novel case report and a brief review of literature","authors":"Dina Ibrahim","doi":"10.21608/ejfsat.2020.30972.1148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejfsat.2020.30972.1148","url":null,"abstract":"Background:Suicides are usually known to be either simple or complex, the latter which is defined as a combination of more than one method. Additionally, complex suicide can be practiced in an unplanned manner where several methods are used, consecutively, when the first method has not achieved the desired outcome. The procedure usually gets changed after the first method chosen failed, was working slowly, or proven to be overly painful. The rotation between failed suicidal acts causes difficulties in determining the manner and the mode of death. Method: In the present study, we will discuss some of the relevant previous studies regarding complex suicide and a systematic approach to managing such cases from a medicolegal perspective. Besides, an unusual case of complex suicide, which was handled in 2018 in the Kuwaiti Forensic Medicine Department, will be presented. She is a middle-aged female, domestic worker, who was found dead in the bathroom, with secured inlets and outlets from inside. She was incompletely hanged with multiple neck, chest, and abdominal cut wounds, apart from bilateral wrist cut. Furthermore, bloody knife, razor and razor-blade were found inside the basin. Result and conclusion: After a complete autopsy, forensic pathology and toxicology examination were done, the forensic and crime scene reports together with the criminal investigations were declared. Consequently, the case was reported as a complex suicide case and the cause of death was haemorrhagic shock after lung stabbing. The case represents a novel complex suicide with self-stabbing, wrist cutting and hanging","PeriodicalId":22435,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences and Applied Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91269185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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