Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.2.30601
P. Ramachandran, Anshu Sharma, H. Gopalan
In India, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency as assessed by vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml is high across the country, in all socio-economic, age and sex groups. Studies from India have documented that prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in breast-fed infants. Stunting in young children continues to be a major public health problem in India. It is possible that in addition to low birth weight and chronic energy deficiency, vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the high stunting rates in breast-fed Indian children. If this were so, vitamin D supplementation may reduce the magnitude of linear growth retardation in the first two years of life. A community-based randomised, double-blind supervised daily supplementation of 250 mg of calcium and 250 IU of Vitamin D (Group A) or placebo (Group B) to breast-fed infants from the first month up to 23 months of age was undertaken to assess the impact, if any, of vitamin D supplementation on linear growth in children and height attained at 23 months. At enrolment, there were no significant differences in weight, length and BMI between infants belonging to Group A or Group B. There were no significant differences in infant and young child feeding practices, morbidity due to infection, or linear growth and height attained at 23 months between Group A and Group B. These data suggest that daily supplementation of calcium and vitamin D between 0-23 months did not have any significant impact on linear growth of children from urban low middle income families.
{"title":"Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation to Improve Linear Growth in Children","authors":"P. Ramachandran, Anshu Sharma, H. Gopalan","doi":"10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.2.30601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.2.30601","url":null,"abstract":"In India, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency as assessed by vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml is high across the country, in all socio-economic, age and sex groups. Studies from India have documented that prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high in breast-fed infants. Stunting in young children continues to be a major public health problem in India. It is possible that in addition to low birth weight and chronic energy deficiency, vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the high stunting rates in breast-fed Indian children. If this were so, vitamin D supplementation may reduce the magnitude of linear growth retardation in the first two years of life. A community-based randomised, double-blind supervised daily supplementation of 250 mg of calcium and 250 IU of Vitamin D (Group A) or placebo (Group B) to breast-fed infants from the first month up to 23 months of age was undertaken to assess the impact, if any, of vitamin D supplementation on linear growth in children and height attained at 23 months. At enrolment, there were no significant differences in weight, length and BMI between infants belonging to Group A or Group B. There were no significant differences in infant and young child feeding practices, morbidity due to infection, or linear growth and height attained at 23 months between Group A and Group B. These data suggest that daily supplementation of calcium and vitamin D between 0-23 months did not have any significant impact on linear growth of children from urban low middle income families.","PeriodicalId":22457,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75779161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.2.31820
Samuel Jaddu, Alka Sharma, Venkata S. P. Bitra
Coconut milk was treated with emulsifiers, namely, Tween 80 (0.5% and 1.0%) and Tween 20 (0.25% and 0.75%) for preparing the coconut milk concentrate. Treated coconut milk was evaporated to reach desirable consistency more than 20% TSS. Increase in emulsifier concentration in the coconut milk not only reduced the time taken for product preparation, but also, controlled breakage of fat globules in coconut milk. Prepared coconut milk concentrate was analyzed for moisture, fat, pH, TSS and over run, sensory parameters like color, appearance, taste, texture, flavor and overall acceptability using 9-point Hedonic scale during 21 days of storage eat refrigerated conditions. Moisture, over run and TSS increased while fat and pH decreased during storage. Results showed that the concentrate prepared with different treatments were significantly different with each other at p≤0.05. Among all concentrate samples prepared, 0.5% Tween 80 emulsifier additions appeared to be the best treatment till 7th day of storage in terms of sensory parameters.
{"title":"Effect of Emulsifiers on Quality Parameters of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Milk Concentrate","authors":"Samuel Jaddu, Alka Sharma, Venkata S. P. Bitra","doi":"10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.2.31820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.2.31820","url":null,"abstract":"Coconut milk was treated with emulsifiers, namely, Tween 80 (0.5% and 1.0%) and Tween 20 (0.25% and 0.75%) for preparing the coconut milk concentrate. Treated coconut milk was evaporated to reach desirable consistency more than 20% TSS. Increase in emulsifier concentration in the coconut milk not only reduced the time taken for product preparation, but also, controlled breakage of fat globules in coconut milk. Prepared coconut milk concentrate was analyzed for moisture, fat, pH, TSS and over run, sensory parameters like color, appearance, taste, texture, flavor and overall acceptability using 9-point Hedonic scale during 21 days of storage eat refrigerated conditions. Moisture, over run and TSS increased while fat and pH decreased during storage. Results showed that the concentrate prepared with different treatments were significantly different with each other at p≤0.05. Among all concentrate samples prepared, 0.5% Tween 80 emulsifier additions appeared to be the best treatment till 7th day of storage in terms of sensory parameters.","PeriodicalId":22457,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91010768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.31002
Anamika Singh, Amrita Poonia
The present study aims to develop cookies with high nutritional quality and overcome the limitations of traditional cookies high in fat and sugars. Agro-industrial waste by-product, pea pods, was powdered to supplement the cookie preparation with soy four and inulin powder. The four blend was optimized by taking three factors affecting the fnal product’s processing parameters: Pea-Pod Powder (PPP), Soy Flour (SF) and inulin. The optimization data of PPP cookies shows that responses as color and appearance (P<0.012), favour (P<0.012), crispiness (P<0.013), OAA (P<0.011), hardness (P<0.002), and fracturability (P<0.001) were signifcantly related to the processing of cookies. PPP and SF affected the sensorial characteristics of the cookies, while inulin affected the textural characteristics to a greater extent. The optimised cookies were found to have signifcantly high levels of protein (9.39%), dietary fbre (7.86%), Ca (1.19%), Fe (0.12%), and low fat (17.18%) and total sugar (19.21%) than the control. The DPPH inhibition activity was higher in PPP cookies (0.082%) than control (0.072%). The traditional cookies are not preferred by diabetic and CVD affected persons and are not considered nutritious among the health concerned population. PPP cookies have better shelf life, higher in protein, functional compounds, fbres, minerals and low in sugar. Thus, the product targets such a huge segment of the population, offering various health implications.
{"title":"Pea Pod Powder as a Value-Added Food Ingredient for Enhancing the Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Cookies","authors":"Anamika Singh, Amrita Poonia","doi":"10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.31002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.31002","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to develop cookies with high nutritional quality and overcome the limitations of traditional cookies high in fat and sugars. Agro-industrial waste by-product, pea pods, was powdered to supplement the cookie preparation with soy four and inulin powder. The four blend was optimized by taking three factors affecting the fnal product’s processing parameters: Pea-Pod Powder (PPP), Soy Flour (SF) and inulin. The optimization data of PPP cookies shows that responses as color and appearance (P<0.012), favour (P<0.012), crispiness (P<0.013), OAA (P<0.011), hardness (P<0.002), and fracturability (P<0.001) were signifcantly related to the processing of cookies. PPP and SF affected the sensorial characteristics of the cookies, while inulin affected the textural characteristics to a greater extent. The optimised cookies were found to have signifcantly high levels of protein (9.39%), dietary fbre (7.86%), Ca (1.19%), Fe (0.12%), and low fat (17.18%) and total sugar (19.21%) than the control. The DPPH inhibition activity was higher in PPP cookies (0.082%) than control (0.072%). The traditional cookies are not preferred by diabetic and CVD affected persons and are not considered nutritious among the health concerned population. PPP cookies have better shelf life, higher in protein, functional compounds, fbres, minerals and low in sugar. Thus, the product targets such a huge segment of the population, offering various health implications.","PeriodicalId":22457,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76261968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2023.60.1.32733
Challagundla Reddy Jyothsna, S. Kowsalya, J. Raghu
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is one among the Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) which might occur due to genetic, environmental, physiological and behavioural factors. MetS is increasing alarmingly in the population. Addressing the modifiable factors to reduce the risk is of prime importance. The current study is intended to observe the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome criteria with respect to its relation to lifestyle factors among subjects post pandemic situation and the MetS incidence to understand how the disease can be prevented and the means to improve the public health. Random sampling method was used to enrol 20–50 year old (male and female) urban adults of Bengaluru into the study. Type-I-diabetics, lactating and pregnant women, post-cardiac surgery/ pre-post-transplant/ covid-19 recovered patients were excluded. Height, weight, Waist-Circumference (WC) and hip-circumference were measured. BMI and Waist–Hip Ratio (WHR) were calculated. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS), Triglycerides (TG), HDL, Blood Pressure (BP) values were analysed and recorded. Diet recall was captured and calories consumed per day was estimated. The habits of exercise routine, smoking, tobacco chewing and alcohol were observed. IDF (International Diabetes Federation, 2006) criteria was used to categorise MetS. The data was analysed using relevant statistical tools. A total of 1211 adults (females 486 and males 725) were assessed. High WC indicating central obesity was observed in 55%. High FBS was observed in 29%. Hyper-triglyceridemia was more in males (36%) than females (19%). Low HDL was observed in 65% females against 43% males. High BP was observed among 10% in males and 8% in females. Lack of exercise was observed among 81% of the adults. Due to pandemic situation 10.7% stopped doing exercise. Moderate activity in 5.6% and vigorous activity in 2.8% was recorded; 68% of the subjects were consuming >2000 calories/day on an average; 18.6% were alcoholic. MetS was observed in 10.6% and MetS-2 criteria in 33.4% and MetS-1criteria in 24.5% before pandemic situation and post pandemic there was an increase. MetS was observed in 12.2% and MetS-2criteria in 49.7% and MetS-1criteria in 27.9% post pandemic. The lack of exercise and high-calorie consumption had a significant correlation with altered lipid values and central obesity. High WC had significant relation to High BMI. WHR had very significant correlation with high FBS and TG. Women had significantly high WC compared to men. The alcohol habit had a significant correlation with hypertriglyceridemia in males. Increased calorie consumption had a moderate correlation with raised FBS and WHR. MetS was significantly observed in those who had lack of exercise, high calorie consumption and alcohol habit. Findings suggest that MetS is in rise in 31-50 year age group. Central obesity, dyslipidemia and high FBS were predominant in 31-40 year group. High BP was observed in 45-50 years age group. Identifying and educating the young adul
{"title":"Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Criteria among Adults Post Covid Pandemic Situation and Steps towards Prevention","authors":"Challagundla Reddy Jyothsna, S. Kowsalya, J. Raghu","doi":"10.21048/IJND.2023.60.1.32733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21048/IJND.2023.60.1.32733","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is one among the Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) which might occur due to genetic, environmental, physiological and behavioural factors. MetS is increasing alarmingly in the population. Addressing the modifiable factors to reduce the risk is of prime importance. The current study is intended to observe the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome criteria with respect to its relation to lifestyle factors among subjects post pandemic situation and the MetS incidence to understand how the disease can be prevented and the means to improve the public health. Random sampling method was used to enrol 20–50 year old (male and female) urban adults of Bengaluru into the study. Type-I-diabetics, lactating and pregnant women, post-cardiac surgery/ pre-post-transplant/ covid-19 recovered patients were excluded. Height, weight, Waist-Circumference (WC) and hip-circumference were measured. BMI and Waist–Hip Ratio (WHR) were calculated. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBS), Triglycerides (TG), HDL, Blood Pressure (BP) values were analysed and recorded. Diet recall was captured and calories consumed per day was estimated. The habits of exercise routine, smoking, tobacco chewing and alcohol were observed. IDF (International Diabetes Federation, 2006) criteria was used to categorise MetS. The data was analysed using relevant statistical tools. A total of 1211 adults (females 486 and males 725) were assessed. High WC indicating central obesity was observed in 55%. High FBS was observed in 29%. Hyper-triglyceridemia was more in males (36%) than females (19%). Low HDL was observed in 65% females against 43% males. High BP was observed among 10% in males and 8% in females. Lack of exercise was observed among 81% of the adults. Due to pandemic situation 10.7% stopped doing exercise. Moderate activity in 5.6% and vigorous activity in 2.8% was recorded; 68% of the subjects were consuming >2000 calories/day on an average; 18.6% were alcoholic. MetS was observed in 10.6% and MetS-2 criteria in 33.4% and MetS-1criteria in 24.5% before pandemic situation and post pandemic there was an increase. MetS was observed in 12.2% and MetS-2criteria in 49.7% and MetS-1criteria in 27.9% post pandemic. The lack of exercise and high-calorie consumption had a significant correlation with altered lipid values and central obesity. High WC had significant relation to High BMI. WHR had very significant correlation with high FBS and TG. Women had significantly high WC compared to men. The alcohol habit had a significant correlation with hypertriglyceridemia in males. Increased calorie consumption had a moderate correlation with raised FBS and WHR. MetS was significantly observed in those who had lack of exercise, high calorie consumption and alcohol habit. Findings suggest that MetS is in rise in 31-50 year age group. Central obesity, dyslipidemia and high FBS were predominant in 31-40 year group. High BP was observed in 45-50 years age group. Identifying and educating the young adul","PeriodicalId":22457,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86568749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.32726
H. Sai Gayathri, A. Thirumani Devi
The Triple Burden of Malnutrition is one of the most alarming issues of the current world. The current study focuses on the occurrence of triple burden of malnutrition in young adult women and impact of personalized nutrition education on the nutritional status of young adult women in the age group of 18- 21 years. The subjects were provided with questionnaire to collect the demographic and dietary data and also to screen the subjects for nutritional deficiencies. The study was conducted on 200 students and were assessed their nutritional status using ABCD technique such as Anthropometric Measurements (height, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, waist and hip ratio), Biochemical Estimation, Clinical Examination and Dietary pattern (24 hour recall method, Food frequency table).The subjects were categorised into under nutrition, over nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. They were provided with personalised nutrition education on the basis of their nutritional status and requirements.
{"title":"Triple Burden of Malnutrition: A Reminder to Reform","authors":"H. Sai Gayathri, A. Thirumani Devi","doi":"10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.32726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.32726","url":null,"abstract":"The Triple Burden of Malnutrition is one of the most alarming issues of the current world. The current study focuses on the occurrence of triple burden of malnutrition in young adult women and impact of personalized nutrition education on the nutritional status of young adult women in the age group of 18- 21 years. The subjects were provided with questionnaire to collect the demographic and dietary data and also to screen the subjects for nutritional deficiencies. The study was conducted on 200 students and were assessed their nutritional status using ABCD technique such as Anthropometric Measurements (height, weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, waist and hip ratio), Biochemical Estimation, Clinical Examination and Dietary pattern (24 hour recall method, Food frequency table).The subjects were categorised into under nutrition, over nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. They were provided with personalised nutrition education on the basis of their nutritional status and requirements.","PeriodicalId":22457,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86171823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.30613
M. Sindhuja, Lalit Verma, L. Gupta, P. Lal
Globally, availability and usage of supplements by recreational young people in gymnasia is on the rise. Although certain aspects related to nutritional ergogenic aids and supplements prescribed in traditional Indian medicine, have been reported, no comprehensive global review is yet available. This Scoping Review was, therefore conducted in view of the gaps in research, needs for capacity building of concerned professionals, strengthening of knowledge, attitudes of trainees and for policy / regulations. A total of 16 key words were framed and 5 search engines were explored for this review. Through this search procedure 278 research papers were scrutinized (from 2000-to date) of which 31 were included, highlights higher prevalence of supplement use amongst males v/s females attending gymnasia. The most used supplements were nutrients and pharmacy (multivitamins, creatine), proteins (whey, amino acids), rationale of intake, dietary adequacy with respect to nutrients were not reported in the study. Main reason for use was a quest for increased immunity, weight gain and increased strength. The main sources of influence were gym coaches, medical supervisors and family-friends. Most common places of purchase were stores, gym / fitness centres and the internet. The review concludes that there is further scope of researching all age groups, gender differences in supplement use, basis of goal setting, efficacy of supplements in meeting the desired goals, KAP of influencing professional, mapping constructs for capacity building and potential suggestions for policy and regulations within fitness centres, especially in the Indian context.
{"title":"Use of Nutritional Ergogenic Aids by Adults Training for Health-Related Fitness in Gymnasia- A Scoping Review","authors":"M. Sindhuja, Lalit Verma, L. Gupta, P. Lal","doi":"10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.30613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.30613","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, availability and usage of supplements by recreational young people in gymnasia is on the rise. Although certain aspects related to nutritional ergogenic aids and supplements prescribed in traditional Indian medicine, have been reported, no comprehensive global review is yet available. This Scoping Review was, therefore conducted in view of the gaps in research, needs for capacity building of concerned professionals, strengthening of knowledge, attitudes of trainees and for policy / regulations. A total of 16 key words were framed and 5 search engines were explored for this review. Through this search procedure 278 research papers were scrutinized (from 2000-to date) of which 31 were included, highlights higher prevalence of supplement use amongst males v/s females attending gymnasia. The most used supplements were nutrients and pharmacy (multivitamins, creatine), proteins (whey, amino acids), rationale of intake, dietary adequacy with respect to nutrients were not reported in the study. Main reason for use was a quest for increased immunity, weight gain and increased strength. The main sources of influence were gym coaches, medical supervisors and family-friends. Most common places of purchase were stores, gym / fitness centres and the internet. The review concludes that there is further scope of researching all age groups, gender differences in supplement use, basis of goal setting, efficacy of supplements in meeting the desired goals, KAP of influencing professional, mapping constructs for capacity building and potential suggestions for policy and regulations within fitness centres, especially in the Indian context.","PeriodicalId":22457,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91436610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.29899
Mehrukh Zehravi, Mudasir Maqbool, I. Ara
The most common and also the most overlooked dietary deficiency in the world is iron deficiency anaemia. It is not only a problem in developing countries or in countries with few resources, but it is also a problem in industrialised ones. The main goal of this article is to raise awareness about the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy, the aetiology of anaemia in pregnancy (not just during pregnancy but throughout adolescence) and the prevention of anaemia in pregnancy by extending the vision to the adolescent age group in order to reduce the risk of nutritional deficiency anaemia during pregnancy. Because of their increased iron requirements for rapid growth and menstrual blood loss, adolescent girls are particularly sensitive to this illness. Poor nutrition is the most common cause of anaemia, which is caused not only by socioeconomic reasons but also by cultural and other conditioning factors such as viral infections, which promote malnutrition in teenagers. Malaria, intestinal parasites, diarrhoea, and tuberculosis are among diseases that cause malnutrition. Anemia’s severity and length are crucial during pregnancy since it increases the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, maternal mortality, and other complications. Anemia is a worldwide health issue that affects about one-third of the world’s population and is one of the primary causes of disability. Anemia in pregnancy is associated with a high rate of morbidity and death due to a woman’s inability to respond to postpartum blood loss, which can have life-threatening effects. Iron deficiency anaemia has a direct link to hunger; according to the WHO, iron deficiency anaemia occurs in 50-80% of areas with chronic malnutrition. However, iron insufficiency is becoming more widespread in wealthy countries, with an increase of 20%. Iron insufficiency is quite common in women of reproductive age, with roughly 30% of them suffering from it.
{"title":"Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy: An Overview","authors":"Mehrukh Zehravi, Mudasir Maqbool, I. Ara","doi":"10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.29899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.29899","url":null,"abstract":"The most common and also the most overlooked dietary deficiency in the world is iron deficiency anaemia. It is not only a problem in developing countries or in countries with few resources, but it is also a problem in industrialised ones. The main goal of this article is to raise awareness about the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy, the aetiology of anaemia in pregnancy (not just during pregnancy but throughout adolescence) and the prevention of anaemia in pregnancy by extending the vision to the adolescent age group in order to reduce the risk of nutritional deficiency anaemia during pregnancy. Because of their increased iron requirements for rapid growth and menstrual blood loss, adolescent girls are particularly sensitive to this illness. Poor nutrition is the most common cause of anaemia, which is caused not only by socioeconomic reasons but also by cultural and other conditioning factors such as viral infections, which promote malnutrition in teenagers. Malaria, intestinal parasites, diarrhoea, and tuberculosis are among diseases that cause malnutrition. Anemia’s severity and length are crucial during pregnancy since it increases the risk of preterm delivery, low birth weight, maternal mortality, and other complications. Anemia is a worldwide health issue that affects about one-third of the world’s population and is one of the primary causes of disability. Anemia in pregnancy is associated with a high rate of morbidity and death due to a woman’s inability to respond to postpartum blood loss, which can have life-threatening effects. Iron deficiency anaemia has a direct link to hunger; according to the WHO, iron deficiency anaemia occurs in 50-80% of areas with chronic malnutrition. However, iron insufficiency is becoming more widespread in wealthy countries, with an increase of 20%. Iron insufficiency is quite common in women of reproductive age, with roughly 30% of them suffering from it.","PeriodicalId":22457,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83067390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.29731
R. Muthu Vijayaragavan, E. Murugan
The initial pot culture study at Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai in rice was conducted to confirm the tolerance mechanism of the donor parents for salinity and submergence separately towards the physiological traits. The parents (ADT 43 and IWP) and donor (FL 478 for salinity and FR 13A for Submergence) were raised in a paper cup maintained separately for salinity and submergence then it was transplanted pots. In each pot, five seedlings were planted and totally fifteen plants were maintained in saline and non-saline condition with three replications. Observations were recorded for all the plants in both saline and non-saline conditions. Regarding for submergence screening, the mud pots along with 14 days old seedlings were drowned in concrete cement tank for 14 days of complete submergence. After 14 days of complete submergence, the samples were collected from each replication both in normal and submergence condition. Hence from the foregoing physiological factors the tolerant donor FL 478 had high level of stable chlorophyll content and also chlorophyll a/b ratio was found unwavering in tolerant donor. Besides the donor parent FR 13A had a ability to retain almost the same level of carbohydrate, starch, non-structural carbohydrate and soluble sugar content under submergence condition. Facts from the study can help rice breeders and other scientists screen and select salinity and submergence tolerant rice breeding lines for variety development and related research, and use the lines identified as tolerant in developing new cultivars.
{"title":"Evaluating Rice for Salinity and Submergence Using Pot-Culture Provides a Systematic Tolerance Assessment at the Seedling Stage","authors":"R. Muthu Vijayaragavan, E. Murugan","doi":"10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.29731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2023.60.1.29731","url":null,"abstract":"The initial pot culture study at Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai in rice was conducted to confirm the tolerance mechanism of the donor parents for salinity and submergence separately towards the physiological traits. The parents (ADT 43 and IWP) and donor (FL 478 for salinity and FR 13A for Submergence) were raised in a paper cup maintained separately for salinity and submergence then it was transplanted pots. In each pot, five seedlings were planted and totally fifteen plants were maintained in saline and non-saline condition with three replications. Observations were recorded for all the plants in both saline and non-saline conditions. Regarding for submergence screening, the mud pots along with 14 days old seedlings were drowned in concrete cement tank for 14 days of complete submergence. After 14 days of complete submergence, the samples were collected from each replication both in normal and submergence condition. Hence from the foregoing physiological factors the tolerant donor FL 478 had high level of stable chlorophyll content and also chlorophyll a/b ratio was found unwavering in tolerant donor. Besides the donor parent FR 13A had a ability to retain almost the same level of carbohydrate, starch, non-structural carbohydrate and soluble sugar content under submergence condition. Facts from the study can help rice breeders and other scientists screen and select salinity and submergence tolerant rice breeding lines for variety development and related research, and use the lines identified as tolerant in developing new cultivars.","PeriodicalId":22457,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84909240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2023.60.1.29955
D. James, T. K. S. Lakshmi Priya
Drop in nutrition value during food logistics impacts the health of consumers. Vegetables, fruits, fish, milk lose nutrients during logistics if it is not properly monitored. Real-time tracking and monitoring, large data handling and secure business transactions are key to the effective operation of supply chains. The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us the need for handling unforeseen situations in various sectors. Limitations to logistic operations, inaccessible warehouses, shutdown of consumer outlets for an unexpected duration, have affected the supply chain drastically. This has laid emphasis on the need for technology-based solutions that can monitor, control and make quick decisions, that can reduce losses. With this scenario as a background, a system architecture has been proposed to detect the nutrient value of food by periodically monitoring temperature and humidity in real-time and alerting the cold chain entities in cold chain environments. This architecture is proposed as an integration of Internet of Things (IoT) with cloud-based storage, to provide real-time data collection at the end-user, seamless storage and computation in the cloud and secure transactions at the business layer. An experimental setup of the system architecture has been configured and the implementation has been tested at a preliminary level. The performance of the application is analyzed and the proposed web application is efficient for large scale supply chain applications, provided scaling of hardware resources.
{"title":"An integrated IoT Architecture to Monitor Food Quality along the Supply Chain","authors":"D. James, T. K. S. Lakshmi Priya","doi":"10.21048/IJND.2023.60.1.29955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21048/IJND.2023.60.1.29955","url":null,"abstract":"Drop in nutrition value during food logistics impacts the health of consumers. Vegetables, fruits, fish, milk lose nutrients during logistics if it is not properly monitored. Real-time tracking and monitoring, large data handling and secure business transactions are key to the effective operation of supply chains. The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us the need for handling unforeseen situations in various sectors. Limitations to logistic operations, inaccessible warehouses, shutdown of consumer outlets for an unexpected duration, have affected the supply chain drastically. This has laid emphasis on the need for technology-based solutions that can monitor, control and make quick decisions, that can reduce losses. With this scenario as a background, a system architecture has been proposed to detect the nutrient value of food by periodically monitoring temperature and humidity in real-time and alerting the cold chain entities in cold chain environments. This architecture is proposed as an integration of Internet of Things (IoT) with cloud-based storage, to provide real-time data collection at the end-user, seamless storage and computation in the cloud and secure transactions at the business layer. An experimental setup of the system architecture has been configured and the implementation has been tested at a preliminary level. The performance of the application is analyzed and the proposed web application is efficient for large scale supply chain applications, provided scaling of hardware resources.","PeriodicalId":22457,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75681504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21048/IJND.2023.60.1.30315
Sheetal S Joshi, V. Yardi
For centuries, the Hijra enjoyed a special respect in the Hindu and Islamic cultures however, over the time, stigmatization took its toll and today the community is pushed to live on extreme societal margin. The present study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status of 304 transgender (Male to Female) residing in and around Mumbai using a mixed method approach. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique with the help of three Community Based Organisations (CBOs) working in close association with transgender. Data related to their nutritional status was collected before the pandemic using Food Frequency Questionnaire, 24-hr Recall and anthropometric measurements. Data related to impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food habits of transgender was collected from eight key informants working with CBOs using in-depth telephonic interviews. Results indicated that consumption of calorie dense junk foods was high and that of immunity building micronutrient dense foods such as fruits, vegetables and milk was notably low. Mean intake of macronutrients was adequate but that of micronutrients was lower for the majority. BMI assessment showed that 13 and 49% were underweight and overweight /obese respectively. COVID-19 pandemic further worsened nutritional status. The findings of the study may serve as basis for formulation of effective nutrition intervention programmes for transgender community.
{"title":"Eating Habits and Nutritional Adequacy of the Transgender (Hijra) Community Residing In and Around Mumbai","authors":"Sheetal S Joshi, V. Yardi","doi":"10.21048/IJND.2023.60.1.30315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21048/IJND.2023.60.1.30315","url":null,"abstract":"For centuries, the Hijra enjoyed a special respect in the Hindu and Islamic cultures however, over the time, stigmatization took its toll and today the community is pushed to live on extreme societal margin. The present study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status of 304 transgender (Male to Female) residing in and around Mumbai using a mixed method approach. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique with the help of three Community Based Organisations (CBOs) working in close association with transgender. Data related to their nutritional status was collected before the pandemic using Food Frequency Questionnaire, 24-hr Recall and anthropometric measurements. Data related to impact of COVID-19 pandemic on food habits of transgender was collected from eight key informants working with CBOs using in-depth telephonic interviews. Results indicated that consumption of calorie dense junk foods was high and that of immunity building micronutrient dense foods such as fruits, vegetables and milk was notably low. Mean intake of macronutrients was adequate but that of micronutrients was lower for the majority. BMI assessment showed that 13 and 49% were underweight and overweight /obese respectively. COVID-19 pandemic further worsened nutritional status. The findings of the study may serve as basis for formulation of effective nutrition intervention programmes for transgender community.","PeriodicalId":22457,"journal":{"name":"The Indian journal of nutrition and dietetics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79922711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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