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Development of a «people-centred approach» to realising healthcare by facilitating, patient participation in health attainment in South Africa and Ukraine 在南非和乌克兰,通过促进患者参与实现健康,制定 "以人为本 "的医疗保健方法
Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285091
Pashnee Naicker, Visvanathan Naicker
Object of this research is South Africa's healthcare system. South Africa's healthcare system faces numerous challenges that contribute to inadequate access to quality healthcare for its citizens. These challenges include a scarcity of healthcare workers, insufficient funding and resource allocation, a high burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, as well as disparities in healthcare access and outcomes driven by socioeconomic status and geographic location. Consequently, many South Africans endure unfavourable health outcomes, limited availability of essential health services, and a prevailing sense of mistrust towards the healthcare system. Concurrently, Ukraine has encountered its own set of healthcare obstacles, including similar shortages of healthcare professionals, funding deficiencies, and disparities in healthcare access exacerbated by armed conflict. This study provides insights into the patient experience, utilizing Kolb's experiential learning theory. It employs qualitative and quantitative methods, including a questionnaire administered to conveniently sampled participants at Chris Hani Baragwanath hospital's HIV/AIDS unit. Data analysis using Excel and SPSS reveals a communication gap between healthcare workers and patients, highlighting the need for Department of Health training on communication and diversity. Finally, the implementation of consistent patient feedback mechanisms is essential for healthcare institutions to comprehend evolving patient needs, fostering the adoption of a «people-centred» approach to delivering high-quality healthcare services. By incorporating insights from Ukraine's challenges, this study not only addresses the specific healthcare obstacles faced by South Africa but also provides a broader perspective on healthcare issues across diverse contexts. These insights enable policymakers and healthcare professionals to identify potential solutions and work towards improving healthcare access and outcomes for all citizens, ensuring the overall health and well-being of the population of South Africa and other countries with similar challenges.
本研究的对象是南非的医疗保健系统。南非的医疗保健系统面临着众多挑战,导致其公民无法获得足够的优质医疗保健服务。这些挑战包括医护人员稀缺、资金和资源分配不足、传染性和非传染性疾病负担沉重,以及社会经济地位和地理位置导致的医疗服务和结果差异。因此,许多南非人忍受着不利的健康结果、基本医疗服务的有限可用性以及对医疗保健系统的普遍不信任。与此同时,乌克兰也遇到了自己的一系列医疗障碍,包括类似的医疗专业人员短缺、资金短缺以及因武装冲突而加剧的医疗服务不均等问题。本研究采用科尔布的体验式学习理论,深入探讨了患者的就医体验。研究采用了定性和定量的方法,包括在克里斯-哈尼-巴拉夸那思医院的艾滋病毒/艾滋病科对方便抽样的参与者进行问卷调查。使用 Excel 和 SPSS 进行的数据分析显示,医护人员与患者之间存在沟通鸿沟,这凸显了卫生部在沟通和多样性方面进行培训的必要性。最后,实施一致的患者反馈机制对于医疗机构了解不断变化的患者需求、促进采用 "以人为本 "的方法提供优质医疗服务至关重要。通过结合乌克兰所面临挑战的见解,本研究不仅解决了南非所面临的具体医疗保健障碍,还为不同背景下的医疗保健问题提供了更广阔的视角。这些见解使政策制定者和医疗保健专业人员能够确定潜在的解决方案,并努力改善所有公民的医疗保健机会和成果,从而确保南非和其他面临类似挑战的国家人口的整体健康和福祉。
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引用次数: 0
Quality improvement in emergency medical services: shared experiences of South Africa with pre-war Ukraine 提高紧急医疗服务质量:南非与战前乌克兰的共同经验
Pub Date : 2023-09-29 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285585
L. Christopher, Visvanathan Naicker, Navindhra Naidoo
In the Republic of South Africa (RSA) healthcare quality including Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is impaired by scarce resources and variable governance and management. The National Health Quality Improvement Plan (NHQIP) seeks to transform health care quality through standards setting. In RSA EMS managers monitor and adjust quality to comply with the Regulations Relating to Standards for EMS. EMS management training is deficient, and it is unknown how prepared they are to meet quality standards. Object of research: How can the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of EMS managers be transformed to comply with the standards regulations for EMS. A mixed methods explanatory sequential design was conducted in two phases. Phase one consisted of a KAP quantitative survey (n=352). Phase two included the non-participant observations (N-PO) at country-wide management workshops (n=7 provinces) and interviews (n=11) with key informants/power brokers. The data was analyzed to develop themes to deepen the understanding of the survey data. Fragmentation of EMS into districts; ineffective workforce management; poor fleet management; poorly trained dispatchers, underutilization of information communication technology and vehicle tracking are factors that compromises the access, safety and contribute to ineffective and inefficient EMS. The World Health Organization (2020) report on EMS in Ukraine identified similar challenges. EMS quality challenges in RSA are not unique, and sharing common challenges, experiences and solutions may benefit EMS organizations in other developing countries such as Ukraine.
在南非共和国(RSA),包括紧急医疗服务(EMS)在内的医疗质量因资源稀缺、治理和管理不一而受到影响。国家医疗质量改进计划(NHQIP)旨在通过制定标准来改变医疗质量。 在 RSA,EMS 管理人员根据《EMS 标准相关条例》对质量进行监控和调整。急救医疗服务管理培训不足,他们为达到质量标准所做的准备如何尚不得而知。研究对象:如何转变 EMS 管理人员的知识、态度和实践 (KAP),使其符合 EMS 标准规定。研究采用混合方法解释性顺序设计,分两个阶段进行。第一阶段包括 KAP 定量调查(n=352)。第二阶段包括在全国范围内的管理研讨会(7 个省)上进行非参与观察(N-PO),以及与关键信息提供者/权力经纪人进行访谈(11 人)。对数据进行了分析,以确定主题,加深对调查数据的理解。将急救服务分散到各个地区;劳动力管理不力;车队管理不善;调度人员培训不足;信息通信技术和车辆跟踪利用不足,这些都是影响急救服务使用和安全的因素,也是导致急救服务效率低下的原因。世界卫生组织(2020 年)关于乌克兰急救服务的报告也指出了类似的挑战。南非共和国的急救服务质量挑战并非独一无二,分享共同的挑战、经验和解决方案可能会使乌克兰等其他发展中国家的急救服务组织受益。
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引用次数: 0
The importance of financial management in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): an analysis of challenges and best practices 中小型企业(SMEs)财务管理的重要性:对挑战和最佳做法的分析
Pub Date : 2023-09-28 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285749
Eugine Nkwinika, Segun Akinola
The object of research is the importance of monetary management in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), specializing in challenges, best practices, and future trends. Financial management in SMEs is an important aspect that influences their growth, sustainability, and competitiveness. The paper begins by defining SMEs and highlighting the significance of financial management for their success. It emphasizes the need for SME owners to understand financial concepts, make informed decisions, and prioritize financial planning to ensure sound business operations. Insights from real-world case studies showcase successful financial management practices adopted by SMEs. Government policies and support for SME financial management are also explored, with a focus on initiatives, tax incentives, and access to financial advisory services. These government interventions play a crucial position in empowering SMEs with the necessary sources and steerage for powerful financial management. Moreover, the evaluation delves into destiny developments, such as rising technology (AI, blockchain, IoT) and regulatory adjustments, and their capacity impact on economic management for SMEs. It discusses the challenges and possibilities in monetary forecasting, highlighting using information analytics and predictive modeling for improved accuracy. In conclusion, this review assessment underscores the significance of financial control for SMEs, emphasizing the want for monetary literacy, era adoption, and compliance with regulatory adjustments. By embracing first-class practices and authorities’ help, SMEs can reap long-term financial balance and thrive in dynamic commercial enterprise environments. As SMEs preserve to evolve within digital technology, powerful economic control remains vital for his or her sustainable increase and achievement.
研究对象是中小型企业(SMEs)财务管理的重要性,特别是挑战、最佳实践和未来趋势。中小企业的财务管理是影响其发展、可持续性和竞争力的一个重要方面。本文首先对中小企业进行了定义,并强调了财务管理对中小企业成功的重要意义。论文强调,中小企业主需要了解财务概念,做出明智决策,并优先考虑财务规划,以确保企业稳健运营。真实案例研究的启示展示了中小企业采用的成功财务管理方法。此外,还探讨了政府对中小企业财务管理的政策和支持,重点关注各项举措、税收优惠和获得财务咨询服务的途径。政府的这些干预措施在为中小型企业提供必要的资金来源和指导,使其获得强大的财务管理能力方面发挥着至关重要的作用。此外,评估还深入探讨了未来的发展,如新兴技术(人工智能、区块链、物联网)和监管调整,以及它们对中小企业经济管理能力的影响。它讨论了货币预测的挑战和可能性,强调了使用信息分析和预测建模来提高准确性。总之,本评论评估强调了中小企业财务控制的重要性,强调了对货币知识、时代采用和遵守监管调整的需求。通过采用一流的实践和当局的帮助,中小企业可以获得长期的财务平衡,并在动态的商业企业环境中茁壮成长。随着中小企业在数字技术领域的不断发展,强大的经济控制能力对其可持续发展和取得成就至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptive method of estimating the dynamic characteristics of the bottom pressing process when making disposable casting molds 在制作一次性铸模时估算底压工艺动态特性的自适应方法
Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.288152
Vitalii Lysenkov, D. Demin
The object of research in the paper is the process of bottom pressing in the manufacture of disposable sand molds. The existing problem is that in practical conditions it is almost impossible to determine the forces acting in the molding mixture in the process of lower pressing. This leads to the fact that in the real process, with the selected pressing modes, the requirements regarding the density of the mixture in the furnace during the manufacture of the half-form may not be met. To solve this problem, it is proposed to build a method that does not require measurement of effort in the system, but allows to obtain dynamic characteristics of the pressing process based on an adaptive approach to determining the technological effort. It is hypothesized that it is possible to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the compaction process in an industrial process without measuring the forces acting in the system during lower pressing. This can be done regardless of which drive is used - pneumatic or hydraulic. It is demonstrated how the kinematic characteristics of the process can be determined based on the use of D-optimal plans on a segment. The proposed method includes 12 points that involve the implementation of experimental and industrial studies directly on the operating equipment based on the use of D-optimal plans and further adaptation of the process of finding the force acting on the molding mixture. The adaptation is based on a preliminary assessment of the kinematic characteristics of the pressing process and involves the calculation of the technological effort that ensures the achievement of the given time of the coordinate of the lower plane of the molding mixture obtained from the equation of kinetics. The results of the implementation of the method make it possible to identify different stages of the pressing process and the distribution of the density of the mixture along the height of the column of the molding mixture. The practical implementation of the method can help in setting up the control system of the lower pressing process depending on the equipment parameters. Therefore, the presented research will be useful for machine-building enterprises that have foundries in their structure, where shaped castings are made in one-time sand molds.
本文的研究对象是一次性砂模制造过程中的下压工艺。目前存在的问题是,在实际条件下,几乎不可能确定下压过程中作用于成型混合物的力。这就导致在实际生产过程中,在所选择的压制模式下,可能无法满足半成品生产过程中对熔炉中混合物密度的要求。为了解决这个问题,建议建立一种方法,这种方法不需要测量系统中的压力,但可以根据确定技术压力的自适应方法获得压制过程的动态特性。根据假设,可以在不测量下压过程中作用于系统的力的情况下,评估工业压实过程的动态特性。无论使用的是气动还是液压驱动,都可以做到这一点。图中展示了如何通过使用 D-最优计划来确定压实过程的运动特性。建议的方法包括 12 点,其中涉及在使用 D-最佳方案的基础上,直接在操作设备上实施实验和工业研究,并进一步调整寻找作用在成型混合物上的力的过程。这种调整是基于对压制过程运动学特征的初步评估,并涉及对技术努力的计算,以确保在给定时间内实现从动力学方程中获得的成型混合物下平面坐标。该方法的实施结果可以确定压制过程的不同阶段以及混合物密度沿成型混合物柱高度的分布情况。该方法的实际应用有助于根据设备参数建立下压过程控制系统。因此,这项研究对于那些拥有铸造厂的机械制造企业来说是非常有用的,因为铸造厂是用一次性砂模制造异型铸件的。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating the digital divide: exploring the multifaceted 4IR challenges and technological disparities encountered by SMMEs within Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa 驾驭数字鸿沟:探索南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省中小型企业在 4IR 方面遇到的多方面挑战和技术差距
Pub Date : 2023-09-22 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.287784
Ismail Sheik
The dawn of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has been a harbinger of unparalleled technological innovations, reshaping industries and economies at an unprecedented pace. While these advancements promise a new frontier of opportunities, they also bring forth a myriad of challenges, particularly for Small, Micro, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMMEs). This research delves deep into the multifaceted challenges and technological disparities encountered by SMMEs in the wake of 4IR, with a concentrated lens on the enterprises operating within the KwaZulu-Natal region of South Africa. At the heart of this exploration is the pronounced digital divide, which exacerbates the gulf between well-resourced corporations and SMMEs. The divide is not just technological but extends to areas like access to finance, digital literacy, infrastructure, and the agility to adapt to rapidly changing business environments. As these SMMEs grapple with the challenges of integrating into the digital economy, they face hurdles such as limited access to advanced technological tools, cybersecurity threats, the high cost of digital transformation, and a dearth of skilled manpower to navigate the complexities of 4IR. Furthermore, the research sheds light on the systemic and infrastructural challenges in the KwaZulu-Natal region, which further compound the difficulties faced by local SMMEs. From inconsistent internet access and electricity issues to the lack of tailored training programs and financial schemes, these enterprises find themselves in a precarious position, trying to bridge the chasm between traditional business models and the demands of the digital age. By offering an in-depth analysis of these challenges, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the obstacles that SMMEs face in the current 4IR-driven economic climate. It emphasizes the need for a multi-stakeholder approach, involving governments, industry leaders, educational institutions, and financial institutions, to collaboratively develop strategies, policies, and interventions that can empower SMMEs. Through targeted support, capacity-building initiatives, and fostering an ecosystem of innovation, there's potential to not only narrow the digital divide but to position these enterprises as key players in South Africa's 4IR journey. This research, thus, serves as both a clarion call and a foundational blueprint for ensuring that no enterprise, regardless of its size, is left behind in this transformative era.
第四次工业革命(4IR)的到来预示着无与伦比的技术创新,以前所未有的速度重塑产业和经济。虽然这些进步带来了新的机遇,但也带来了无数挑战,尤其是对小型、微型和中型企业(SMMEs)而言。本研究深入探讨了小型、微型和中型企业在 4IR 之后遇到的多方面挑战和技术差异,并将视角集中在南非夸祖鲁-纳塔尔地区的企业。这一探索的核心是明显的数字鸿沟,它加剧了资源丰富的企业与中小型企业之间的鸿沟。这种鸿沟不仅仅是技术上的,而且还延伸到融资渠道、数字扫盲、基础设施以及适应快速变化的商业环境的灵活性等领域。当这些中小型企业努力应对融入数字经济的挑战时,它们面临着各种障碍,如难以获得先进的技术工具、网络安全威胁、数字化转型的高成本,以及缺乏有技能的人才来应对 4IR 的复杂性。此外,研究还揭示了夸祖鲁-纳塔尔地区在系统和基础设施方面存在的挑战,这些挑战进一步加剧了当地中小型企业所面临的困难。从不连贯的互联网接入和电力问题,到缺乏量身定制的培训计划和金融方案,这些企业发现自己的处境岌岌可危,正试图弥合传统商业模式与数字时代需求之间的鸿沟。通过对这些挑战进行深入分析,本研究旨在全面了解中小型企业在当前以 4IR 为主导的经济环境中所面临的障碍。研究强调,需要采取多方参与的方式,包括政府、行业领导者、教育机构和金融机构,共同制定能够增强中小型企业能力的战略、政策和干预措施。通过有针对性的支持、能力建设举措和促进创新生态系统,不仅有可能缩小数字鸿沟,还能将这些企业定位为南非 4IR 之旅的关键参与者。因此,这项研究既是一个号角,也是一个基础蓝图,可确保任何企业,无论其规模大小,都不会在这个变革时代落伍。
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引用次数: 0
Why unending? Migrations and the political economy of the xenophobic conflict in South Africa: a systematic review 为什么没完没了?南非仇外冲突的移民和政治经济:系统回顾
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286635
Olawale Olufemi Akinrinde
The object of the research is the interaction between unending migrations and the political economy as significant drivers of xenophobic conflicts. The phenomenon of xenophobic conflict in South Africa has garnered increasing attention due to its recurrent violent nature and socio-political implications. This study delves, systematically, into the intricate connection between migration and the politics of xenophobia in South Africa. It examines how migrations, both internal and external, have influenced the development of xenophobic conflict within South Africa, alongside the historical context of the entrenched apartheid system. It further explores the underlying motives of those engaging in xenophobic acts while examining the responses of civil society and the government. By analyzing existing literature and conducting qualitative reviews of the experiences of the victims of xenophobic violence, this study contends that xenophobia in South Africa, among other factors, is a lasting legacy of the apartheid era that has created unequal economic power relations between the South African blacks and the few dominant whites. Findings further underscore the significance of understanding contemporary migration patterns in the 21st century from the context of entrenched economic inequalities, economic disenfranchisements, rising poverty among the indigenous black South African community in South Africa. In addition, economic disparities, resource scarcity, and competition for employment opportunities have emerged for being pivotal catalysts of conflict, thereby exacerbating tensions between native black South Africans and the African immigrant populations in South Africa. Relying on findings, this study thus argues that xenophobia remains an ongoing and persistent challenge that demands urgent attention from policymakers in South Africa. In conclusion, this study underscores the necessity of addressing the xenophobic conflict in South Africa through a multidimensional approach. Policymakers, civil society, and academia must collaborate to formulate strategies that target both the economic and socio-political drivers of such conflicts. By acknowledging the historical context, rectifying inequalities, and promoting accurate narratives, it becomes possible to foster a more inclusive and harmonious society, thereby mitigating the unending cycle of xenophobic tensions, phobia and violence.
这项研究的目的是无止境的移民和政治经济之间的相互作用,作为仇外冲突的重要驱动因素。南非的仇外冲突现象由于其反复出现的暴力性质和社会政治影响而引起越来越多的注意。这项研究系统地深入研究了南非移民与仇外政治之间的复杂联系。它考察了内部和外部移民如何影响南非内部仇外冲突的发展,以及根深蒂固的种族隔离制度的历史背景。它进一步探讨了那些从事仇外行为的人的潜在动机,同时审查了民间社会和政府的反应。通过分析现有文献并对仇外暴力受害者的经历进行定性审查,本研究认为,除其他因素外,南非的仇外心理是种族隔离时代的持久遗产,种族隔离时代在南非黑人和少数占统治地位的白人之间造成了不平等的经济权力关系。研究结果进一步强调了从根深蒂固的经济不平等、经济权利被剥夺、南非土著黑人社区贫困加剧的背景下理解21世纪当代移民模式的重要性。此外,经济差距、资源稀缺和就业机会竞争已成为冲突的关键催化剂,从而加剧了南非本土黑人与南非非洲移民人口之间的紧张关系。因此,根据调查结果,本研究认为,仇外心理仍然是一个持续存在的挑战,需要南非政策制定者的紧急关注。最后,这项研究强调必须通过多方面的办法解决南非的仇外冲突。政策制定者、民间社会和学术界必须合作制定针对此类冲突的经济和社会政治驱动因素的战略。通过承认历史背景,纠正不平等现象,促进准确的叙述,就有可能建立一个更加包容和和谐的社会,从而减轻仇外紧张局势、恐惧症和暴力的无休止循环。
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引用次数: 0
A review of the effect of nurse shortages on existing nurse workforces in South Africa and Ukraine 南非和乌克兰护士短缺对现有护士劳动力的影响综述
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286628
Sandhya Nankoo van Wyk, Visvanathan Naicker
The object of this research is the nurse shortages on existing nurse workforces in South Africa and Ukraine. The healthcare system has taken strain since the inception of the war in Ukraine. The war caused damages to hospital, clinic and warehouse infrastructure, leading to limited medical resources and impacting the shortage of healthcare personnel, especially among the nursing professionals. A skilled, motivated and supported health workforce is essential to providing consistent and quality healthcare to patients. However, nurse shortages make it difficult for the existing nurses in a war-stricken country to provide the best possible care to their patients, which can be emotionally distressing for the nurses. Whereas in South Africa, economic turmoil and the recent COVID-19 pandemic placed an even more significant strain on South Africa’s overburdened and under-resourced healthcare system, eventually leading to a decline of healthcare workers on the frontline, thereby affecting the delivery of quality healthcare to patients. This paper will explore the expected effects of nurse shortages on the existing nurse workforce in these countries. It will provide recommendations for nurses to cope and regain their motivation to deliver quality healthcare to patients without compromising their own health and well-being. The researchers, therefore, conducted a qualitative study with Registered Nurses (RNs) and Operational Nurse Managers (ONMs) working in selected critical care units at a public hospital under investigation. The findings of the study revealed that the nurse shortage significantly impacted the well-being of existing nursing staff, both personally and professionally. Simple strategies to improve their well-being via the use of an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) were recommended by the researchers to address their mental health and well-being issues by providing support and advice in critical times of need, encouraging meditation & physical fitness activities and encouraging nurses to make a conscious decision to achieve a balance between work and family life. Such strategies will benefit the Ukrainian health workforce in providing quality healthcare to their patients during the unpleasant circumstances caused by the ongoing war.
本研究的对象是护士短缺的现有护士劳动力在南非和乌克兰。自乌克兰战争爆发以来,医疗保健系统一直承受着压力。战争对医院、诊所和仓库基础设施造成破坏,导致医疗资源有限,影响到保健人员,特别是护理专业人员的短缺。一支熟练、积极和得到支持的卫生工作队伍对于向患者提供一致和高质量的卫生保健至关重要。然而,在一个饱受战争蹂躏的国家,护士短缺使得现有的护士很难为病人提供最好的护理,这对护士来说可能是一种情感上的痛苦。在南非,经济动荡和最近的COVID-19大流行给南非负担过重、资源不足的医疗保健系统带来了更大的压力,最终导致一线医护人员减少,从而影响了向患者提供高质量医疗服务。本文将探讨护士短缺对这些国家现有护士劳动力的预期影响。它将为护士提供建议,以应对并重新获得动力,在不损害自身健康和福祉的情况下为患者提供高质量的医疗保健。因此,研究人员对在某公立医院选定的重症监护室工作的注册护士(RNs)和业务护士经理(ONMs)进行了定性研究。研究结果显示,护士短缺严重影响了现有护理人员的幸福感,无论是个人还是专业。研究人员推荐了一些简单的策略,通过使用员工援助计划(EAP)来改善他们的幸福感,通过在关键时刻提供支持和建议来解决他们的心理健康和幸福感问题,鼓励冥想和;体育健身活动和鼓励护士做出有意识的决定,实现工作和家庭生活之间的平衡。这些战略将有利于乌克兰保健工作人员在持续战争造成的不愉快环境中向病人提供高质量的保健服务。
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引用次数: 0
Study of temperature changes in mineral fertiliser granules after contact with air in a granulation tower 在造粒塔中与空气接触后矿物肥料颗粒温度变化的研究
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286693
Al-Khyatt Muhamad Nadhem, Vsevolod Sklabinskyi, Ruslan Ostroha, Maksym Skydanenko, Mykola Yukhymenko, Jozef Bocko, Denys Ostroha, Dmitry Zabitsky, Oleksii Moskalchuk, Andrii Serhiienko
The object of research is the process of granulation of nitrogen mineral fertilizers by the method of sprinkling. One of the most problematic areas is the lack of certainty regarding the dynamics of the temperature change of the granule when it is cooled by air in the granulation tower. The paper considers the process of urea granulation using a rotating vibrating granulator. The scheme of the rotating vibrating granulator as part of the experimental stand for granulating liquid urea is presented, the method of conducting experimental studies and the design parameters of the granulator are described. It is indicated that in the process of experimental research, the temperatures of the melt, granules and cooling air were recorded. It is emphasized that the contact of the cooling air with the flow of hot granules leads to a constant increase in air temperature due to the heat transferred from the granules, which makes it necessary to determine the final temperature of the air leaving the granulation tower. For this purpose, a mathematical model was developed and calculation equations were obtained to determine the temperature of the air in contact with the surface of the pellet and the temperature profile inside the pellet. Numerical calculations of the calculation equations made it possible to obtain temperature profiles of the granule along its radius. It is emphasized that the theoretically obtained temperature profile cannot be an accurate indicator of the real temperature of the pellet when it falls in the granulation tower. Analysis of the calculated results shows that the temperature of the granules in the lower part of the granulation tower is 60–62 °C. This temperature corresponds to the practically confirmed final temperature of the granule, which was measured on the experimental stand.
研究的对象是氮矿肥用喷淋法制粒的过程。其中一个最有问题的领域是缺乏确定性关于颗粒的温度变化的动态,当它是由空气在造粒塔冷却。研究了用旋转振动造粒机对尿素进行造粒的工艺过程。介绍了旋转振动造粒机作为液体尿素造粒试验台的组成部分的设计方案,阐述了进行实验研究的方法和造粒机的设计参数。结果表明,在实验研究过程中,记录了熔体、颗粒和冷却空气的温度。需要强调的是,冷却空气与热颗粒流动的接触,由于颗粒传递的热量,导致空气温度不断升高,这使得有必要确定离开造粒塔的空气的最终温度。为此,建立了一个数学模型,并得到了计算方程,以确定与球团表面接触的空气的温度和球团内部的温度分布。对计算方程进行数值计算,可以得到颗粒沿其半径的温度分布。强调的是,理论上得到的温度分布不能准确地指示颗粒在造粒塔中下落时的实际温度。计算结果分析表明,造粒塔下部颗粒温度为60 ~ 62℃。该温度与实际确认的颗粒最终温度相对应,该温度是在实验台上测量的。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the possibilities of increasing the energy efficiency of absorption refrigeration appliances through the use of refrigerating accumulators 通过使用制冷蓄能器来提高吸收式制冷设备能效的可能性分析
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286709
Liudmyla Berezovska, Oleksandr Titlov
One of the most important tasks of modern society is the solution of environmental and energy problems in power engineering and, in particular, refrigeration technology. At the same time, in the field of artificial cooling systems, it is necessary to solve the problems of reducing the impact on both the ozone layer and the greenhouse effect. An effective approach here can be absorption refrigeration systems with a natural working fluid (water-ammonia solution), which does not adversely affect the environment. For the effective use of absorption refrigeration systems, it is necessary to solve the problems of increasing their energy efficiency, in particular, through the use of cold accumulators. Thus, the object of research is absorption-type cooling systems with cold accumulators. The paper analyzes cold accumulators with different physical nature. It is shown that melting substances can be the most effective for solving problems of low-temperature cooling. An analysis of the thermal scheme of an absorption freezer of the «chest» type, which is the most problematic in terms of providing cooling modes at a level of (–18)–(–24) °С, was carried out. Optimization thermal calculations for typical absorption freezers up to 200 dm3 have been performed. It is shown that when the chamber is initially loaded with a product at an ambient temperature, the cooling capacity of the installed absorption refrigeration units is not enough – no more than 50 % of the required one. For an absorption freezer of the «chest» type, the most suitable cold-storage materials are a eutectic aqueous solution of sodium chloride or propylene glycol, since these solutions have the desired melting point of the order of –18 °C and a fairly high melting heat. The result of optimizing the weight and size characteristics of the internal volume of the absorption freezer is the following recommendations: – the optimal size of wire baskets for placing products is 315´370´240 mm; – the gaps between the basket and the cabinet wall, as well as between the baskets themselves, should be 10 mm to ensure normal convection conditions; – it is not advisable to place fans inside the volume of the freezer at this stage, since the freezing time is reduced by a maximum of 30 %, but this results in additional heat generation, energy consumption and increases the shrinkage of the products stored in the chamber.
现代社会最重要的任务之一是解决动力工程中的环境和能源问题,特别是制冷技术。同时,在人工冷却系统领域,需要解决减少对臭氧层和温室效应影响的问题。一种有效的方法是使用自然工作流体(水-氨溶液)的吸收式制冷系统,它不会对环境产生不利影响。为了有效利用吸收式制冷系统,必须解决提高其能效的问题,特别是通过蓄冷器的使用。因此,研究对象是带蓄冷器的吸收式冷却系统。 对不同物理性质的蓄冷器进行了分析。结果表明,熔融物质是解决低温冷却问题最有效的方法。在提供(- 18)-(- 24)°С水平的冷却模式方面存在最大问题的“胸部”型吸收式冷冻机的热方案进行了分析。对典型吸收式制冷机进行了优化热计算,最大可达200 dm3。结果表明,在环境温度下,当室内初始装载产品时,安装的吸收式制冷机组的制冷量不足,不超过所需制冷量的50%。对于“胸部”型吸收式冷冻机,最合适的冷藏材料是氯化钠或丙二醇的共晶水溶液,因为这些溶液具有所需的熔点-18°C和相当高的熔点。对吸收式冷冻机内容积的重量和尺寸特性进行优化的结果建议如下: -放置产品的线篮的最佳尺寸为315´370´240 mm; —提篮与机柜墙之间以及提篮之间的间隙应为10mm,以保证正常对流条件; -不建议在此阶段将风扇放置在冷冻室的体积内,因为冻结时间最多减少30%,但这会导致额外的热量产生,能源消耗并增加储存在冷冻室中的产品的收缩。
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引用次数: 0
Interconnections assessment of banking capitalization with macroeconomic stability, including corruption and shadow economy 银行资本化与宏观经济稳定性的相互关系评估,包括腐败和影子经济
Pub Date : 2023-08-31 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286657
Iryna Didenko, Alina Yefimenko
The research focuses on bank capitalization and macroeconomic stability, including corruption and the shadow economy. A well-capitalized banking system and a low corruption level are important for maintaining macroeconomic stability and reducing the size of the shadow economy. The paper is aimed at assessing the relationship between bank capitalization and macroeconomic stability, which includes corruption and shadow economy through canonical analysis. The research is conducted on the basis of financial and economic reporting of 35 countries with different levels of socio-economic development during 2010–2021 based on data from the World Bank and the European Central Bank. The main input blocks macroeconomic stability – corruption – shadow economy are characterized. During the research, the following tools were used: – methods of grouping, analysis and comparison in determining the characteristics of the elements of the chain «level of capitalization of the banking system – macroeconomic stability – corruption – shadow economy»; – factor analysis by applying the method of principal components in the selection of statistically significant indicators of the bank capitalization level and macroeconomic stability. The quantitative assessment of the bank capitalization level revealed the following dependencies: there is a strong correlation between return on assets and the level of non-performing loans, return on assets and return on equity. Using the principal components method, the following statistically significant indicators of macroeconomic stability were identified: GDP, Gini index, corruption perception index, corruption control index, and political stability index. Research, based on the canonical analysis, determined that 71.1% of changes in macroeconomic stability indicators are explained by fluctuations in the level of bank capitalization. The level of non-performing loans has a negative impact on macroeconomic stability, while the volatility of return on assets and return on equity has a greater positive impact on the development of the country's economy. The obtained results can be used by banks in the development of their resource and management policies, in the analysis of the volatility of capitalization level, by state bodies in the development of national policies of the country's economic development.
研究重点是银行资本化和宏观经济稳定,包括腐败和影子经济。资本充足的银行体系和低腐败水平对于维持宏观经济稳定和减少影子经济规模至关重要。本文旨在通过规范分析来评估银行资本化与宏观经济稳定之间的关系,其中包括腐败和影子经济。该研究基于2010-2021年35个社会经济发展水平不同的国家的财务和经济报告,并基于世界银行和欧洲中央银行的数据。主要投入阻碍宏观经济稳定——腐败——影子经济。在研究过程中,使用了以下工具:-分组,分析和比较的方法来确定链要素的特征“银行体系资本化水平-宏观经济稳定性-腐败-影子经济”;-运用主成分法对银行资本化水平和宏观经济稳定性的统计显著性指标进行因子分析。通过对银行资本化水平的量化评估,发现了以下依赖关系:资产收益率与不良贷款水平、资产收益率与净资产收益率之间存在较强的相关性。利用主成分法,确定了GDP、基尼系数、腐败感知指数、腐败控制指数和政治稳定指数等具有显著统计意义的宏观经济稳定性指标。研究在规范分析的基础上确定,71.1%的宏观经济稳定指标的变化可以用银行资本化水平的波动来解释。不良贷款水平对宏观经济稳定有负面影响,而资产收益率和净资产收益率的波动对国家经济的发展有较大的积极影响。所得结果可用于银行制定其资源和管理政策,分析资本化水平的波动性,国家机构制定国家经济发展的国家政策。
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引用次数: 0
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Technology audit and production reserves
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