Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285091
Pashnee Naicker, Visvanathan Naicker
Object of this research is South Africa's healthcare system. South Africa's healthcare system faces numerous challenges that contribute to inadequate access to quality healthcare for its citizens. These challenges include a scarcity of healthcare workers, insufficient funding and resource allocation, a high burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, as well as disparities in healthcare access and outcomes driven by socioeconomic status and geographic location. Consequently, many South Africans endure unfavourable health outcomes, limited availability of essential health services, and a prevailing sense of mistrust towards the healthcare system. Concurrently, Ukraine has encountered its own set of healthcare obstacles, including similar shortages of healthcare professionals, funding deficiencies, and disparities in healthcare access exacerbated by armed conflict. This study provides insights into the patient experience, utilizing Kolb's experiential learning theory. It employs qualitative and quantitative methods, including a questionnaire administered to conveniently sampled participants at Chris Hani Baragwanath hospital's HIV/AIDS unit. Data analysis using Excel and SPSS reveals a communication gap between healthcare workers and patients, highlighting the need for Department of Health training on communication and diversity. Finally, the implementation of consistent patient feedback mechanisms is essential for healthcare institutions to comprehend evolving patient needs, fostering the adoption of a «people-centred» approach to delivering high-quality healthcare services. By incorporating insights from Ukraine's challenges, this study not only addresses the specific healthcare obstacles faced by South Africa but also provides a broader perspective on healthcare issues across diverse contexts. These insights enable policymakers and healthcare professionals to identify potential solutions and work towards improving healthcare access and outcomes for all citizens, ensuring the overall health and well-being of the population of South Africa and other countries with similar challenges.
{"title":"Development of a «people-centred approach» to realising healthcare by facilitating, patient participation in health attainment in South Africa and Ukraine","authors":"Pashnee Naicker, Visvanathan Naicker","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285091","url":null,"abstract":"Object of this research is South Africa's healthcare system. South Africa's healthcare system faces numerous challenges that contribute to inadequate access to quality healthcare for its citizens. These challenges include a scarcity of healthcare workers, insufficient funding and resource allocation, a high burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases, as well as disparities in healthcare access and outcomes driven by socioeconomic status and geographic location. Consequently, many South Africans endure unfavourable health outcomes, limited availability of essential health services, and a prevailing sense of mistrust towards the healthcare system. Concurrently, Ukraine has encountered its own set of healthcare obstacles, including similar shortages of healthcare professionals, funding deficiencies, and disparities in healthcare access exacerbated by armed conflict. This study provides insights into the patient experience, utilizing Kolb's experiential learning theory. It employs qualitative and quantitative methods, including a questionnaire administered to conveniently sampled participants at Chris Hani Baragwanath hospital's HIV/AIDS unit. Data analysis using Excel and SPSS reveals a communication gap between healthcare workers and patients, highlighting the need for Department of Health training on communication and diversity. Finally, the implementation of consistent patient feedback mechanisms is essential for healthcare institutions to comprehend evolving patient needs, fostering the adoption of a «people-centred» approach to delivering high-quality healthcare services. By incorporating insights from Ukraine's challenges, this study not only addresses the specific healthcare obstacles faced by South Africa but also provides a broader perspective on healthcare issues across diverse contexts. These insights enable policymakers and healthcare professionals to identify potential solutions and work towards improving healthcare access and outcomes for all citizens, ensuring the overall health and well-being of the population of South Africa and other countries with similar challenges.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139322295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285585
L. Christopher, Visvanathan Naicker, Navindhra Naidoo
In the Republic of South Africa (RSA) healthcare quality including Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is impaired by scarce resources and variable governance and management. The National Health Quality Improvement Plan (NHQIP) seeks to transform health care quality through standards setting. In RSA EMS managers monitor and adjust quality to comply with the Regulations Relating to Standards for EMS. EMS management training is deficient, and it is unknown how prepared they are to meet quality standards. Object of research: How can the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of EMS managers be transformed to comply with the standards regulations for EMS. A mixed methods explanatory sequential design was conducted in two phases. Phase one consisted of a KAP quantitative survey (n=352). Phase two included the non-participant observations (N-PO) at country-wide management workshops (n=7 provinces) and interviews (n=11) with key informants/power brokers. The data was analyzed to develop themes to deepen the understanding of the survey data. Fragmentation of EMS into districts; ineffective workforce management; poor fleet management; poorly trained dispatchers, underutilization of information communication technology and vehicle tracking are factors that compromises the access, safety and contribute to ineffective and inefficient EMS. The World Health Organization (2020) report on EMS in Ukraine identified similar challenges. EMS quality challenges in RSA are not unique, and sharing common challenges, experiences and solutions may benefit EMS organizations in other developing countries such as Ukraine.
{"title":"Quality improvement in emergency medical services: shared experiences of South Africa with pre-war Ukraine","authors":"L. Christopher, Visvanathan Naicker, Navindhra Naidoo","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285585","url":null,"abstract":"In the Republic of South Africa (RSA) healthcare quality including Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is impaired by scarce resources and variable governance and management. The National Health Quality Improvement Plan (NHQIP) seeks to transform health care quality through standards setting. In RSA EMS managers monitor and adjust quality to comply with the Regulations Relating to Standards for EMS. EMS management training is deficient, and it is unknown how prepared they are to meet quality standards. Object of research: How can the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of EMS managers be transformed to comply with the standards regulations for EMS. A mixed methods explanatory sequential design was conducted in two phases. Phase one consisted of a KAP quantitative survey (n=352). Phase two included the non-participant observations (N-PO) at country-wide management workshops (n=7 provinces) and interviews (n=11) with key informants/power brokers. The data was analyzed to develop themes to deepen the understanding of the survey data. Fragmentation of EMS into districts; ineffective workforce management; poor fleet management; poorly trained dispatchers, underutilization of information communication technology and vehicle tracking are factors that compromises the access, safety and contribute to ineffective and inefficient EMS. The World Health Organization (2020) report on EMS in Ukraine identified similar challenges. EMS quality challenges in RSA are not unique, and sharing common challenges, experiences and solutions may benefit EMS organizations in other developing countries such as Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139334472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-28DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285749
Eugine Nkwinika, Segun Akinola
The object of research is the importance of monetary management in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), specializing in challenges, best practices, and future trends. Financial management in SMEs is an important aspect that influences their growth, sustainability, and competitiveness. The paper begins by defining SMEs and highlighting the significance of financial management for their success. It emphasizes the need for SME owners to understand financial concepts, make informed decisions, and prioritize financial planning to ensure sound business operations. Insights from real-world case studies showcase successful financial management practices adopted by SMEs. Government policies and support for SME financial management are also explored, with a focus on initiatives, tax incentives, and access to financial advisory services. These government interventions play a crucial position in empowering SMEs with the necessary sources and steerage for powerful financial management. Moreover, the evaluation delves into destiny developments, such as rising technology (AI, blockchain, IoT) and regulatory adjustments, and their capacity impact on economic management for SMEs. It discusses the challenges and possibilities in monetary forecasting, highlighting using information analytics and predictive modeling for improved accuracy. In conclusion, this review assessment underscores the significance of financial control for SMEs, emphasizing the want for monetary literacy, era adoption, and compliance with regulatory adjustments. By embracing first-class practices and authorities’ help, SMEs can reap long-term financial balance and thrive in dynamic commercial enterprise environments. As SMEs preserve to evolve within digital technology, powerful economic control remains vital for his or her sustainable increase and achievement.
{"title":"The importance of financial management in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): an analysis of challenges and best practices","authors":"Eugine Nkwinika, Segun Akinola","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.285749","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is the importance of monetary management in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), specializing in challenges, best practices, and future trends. Financial management in SMEs is an important aspect that influences their growth, sustainability, and competitiveness. The paper begins by defining SMEs and highlighting the significance of financial management for their success. It emphasizes the need for SME owners to understand financial concepts, make informed decisions, and prioritize financial planning to ensure sound business operations. Insights from real-world case studies showcase successful financial management practices adopted by SMEs. Government policies and support for SME financial management are also explored, with a focus on initiatives, tax incentives, and access to financial advisory services. These government interventions play a crucial position in empowering SMEs with the necessary sources and steerage for powerful financial management. Moreover, the evaluation delves into destiny developments, such as rising technology (AI, blockchain, IoT) and regulatory adjustments, and their capacity impact on economic management for SMEs. It discusses the challenges and possibilities in monetary forecasting, highlighting using information analytics and predictive modeling for improved accuracy. In conclusion, this review assessment underscores the significance of financial control for SMEs, emphasizing the want for monetary literacy, era adoption, and compliance with regulatory adjustments. By embracing first-class practices and authorities’ help, SMEs can reap long-term financial balance and thrive in dynamic commercial enterprise environments. As SMEs preserve to evolve within digital technology, powerful economic control remains vital for his or her sustainable increase and achievement.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-26DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.288152
Vitalii Lysenkov, D. Demin
The object of research in the paper is the process of bottom pressing in the manufacture of disposable sand molds. The existing problem is that in practical conditions it is almost impossible to determine the forces acting in the molding mixture in the process of lower pressing. This leads to the fact that in the real process, with the selected pressing modes, the requirements regarding the density of the mixture in the furnace during the manufacture of the half-form may not be met. To solve this problem, it is proposed to build a method that does not require measurement of effort in the system, but allows to obtain dynamic characteristics of the pressing process based on an adaptive approach to determining the technological effort. It is hypothesized that it is possible to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the compaction process in an industrial process without measuring the forces acting in the system during lower pressing. This can be done regardless of which drive is used - pneumatic or hydraulic. It is demonstrated how the kinematic characteristics of the process can be determined based on the use of D-optimal plans on a segment. The proposed method includes 12 points that involve the implementation of experimental and industrial studies directly on the operating equipment based on the use of D-optimal plans and further adaptation of the process of finding the force acting on the molding mixture. The adaptation is based on a preliminary assessment of the kinematic characteristics of the pressing process and involves the calculation of the technological effort that ensures the achievement of the given time of the coordinate of the lower plane of the molding mixture obtained from the equation of kinetics. The results of the implementation of the method make it possible to identify different stages of the pressing process and the distribution of the density of the mixture along the height of the column of the molding mixture. The practical implementation of the method can help in setting up the control system of the lower pressing process depending on the equipment parameters. Therefore, the presented research will be useful for machine-building enterprises that have foundries in their structure, where shaped castings are made in one-time sand molds.
{"title":"Adaptive method of estimating the dynamic characteristics of the bottom pressing process when making disposable casting molds","authors":"Vitalii Lysenkov, D. Demin","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.288152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.288152","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research in the paper is the process of bottom pressing in the manufacture of disposable sand molds. The existing problem is that in practical conditions it is almost impossible to determine the forces acting in the molding mixture in the process of lower pressing. This leads to the fact that in the real process, with the selected pressing modes, the requirements regarding the density of the mixture in the furnace during the manufacture of the half-form may not be met. To solve this problem, it is proposed to build a method that does not require measurement of effort in the system, but allows to obtain dynamic characteristics of the pressing process based on an adaptive approach to determining the technological effort. It is hypothesized that it is possible to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the compaction process in an industrial process without measuring the forces acting in the system during lower pressing. This can be done regardless of which drive is used - pneumatic or hydraulic. It is demonstrated how the kinematic characteristics of the process can be determined based on the use of D-optimal plans on a segment. The proposed method includes 12 points that involve the implementation of experimental and industrial studies directly on the operating equipment based on the use of D-optimal plans and further adaptation of the process of finding the force acting on the molding mixture. The adaptation is based on a preliminary assessment of the kinematic characteristics of the pressing process and involves the calculation of the technological effort that ensures the achievement of the given time of the coordinate of the lower plane of the molding mixture obtained from the equation of kinetics. The results of the implementation of the method make it possible to identify different stages of the pressing process and the distribution of the density of the mixture along the height of the column of the molding mixture. The practical implementation of the method can help in setting up the control system of the lower pressing process depending on the equipment parameters. Therefore, the presented research will be useful for machine-building enterprises that have foundries in their structure, where shaped castings are made in one-time sand molds.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139335811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-22DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.287784
Ismail Sheik
The dawn of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has been a harbinger of unparalleled technological innovations, reshaping industries and economies at an unprecedented pace. While these advancements promise a new frontier of opportunities, they also bring forth a myriad of challenges, particularly for Small, Micro, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMMEs). This research delves deep into the multifaceted challenges and technological disparities encountered by SMMEs in the wake of 4IR, with a concentrated lens on the enterprises operating within the KwaZulu-Natal region of South Africa. At the heart of this exploration is the pronounced digital divide, which exacerbates the gulf between well-resourced corporations and SMMEs. The divide is not just technological but extends to areas like access to finance, digital literacy, infrastructure, and the agility to adapt to rapidly changing business environments. As these SMMEs grapple with the challenges of integrating into the digital economy, they face hurdles such as limited access to advanced technological tools, cybersecurity threats, the high cost of digital transformation, and a dearth of skilled manpower to navigate the complexities of 4IR. Furthermore, the research sheds light on the systemic and infrastructural challenges in the KwaZulu-Natal region, which further compound the difficulties faced by local SMMEs. From inconsistent internet access and electricity issues to the lack of tailored training programs and financial schemes, these enterprises find themselves in a precarious position, trying to bridge the chasm between traditional business models and the demands of the digital age. By offering an in-depth analysis of these challenges, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the obstacles that SMMEs face in the current 4IR-driven economic climate. It emphasizes the need for a multi-stakeholder approach, involving governments, industry leaders, educational institutions, and financial institutions, to collaboratively develop strategies, policies, and interventions that can empower SMMEs. Through targeted support, capacity-building initiatives, and fostering an ecosystem of innovation, there's potential to not only narrow the digital divide but to position these enterprises as key players in South Africa's 4IR journey. This research, thus, serves as both a clarion call and a foundational blueprint for ensuring that no enterprise, regardless of its size, is left behind in this transformative era.
{"title":"Navigating the digital divide: exploring the multifaceted 4IR challenges and technological disparities encountered by SMMEs within Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa","authors":"Ismail Sheik","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.287784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.287784","url":null,"abstract":"The dawn of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has been a harbinger of unparalleled technological innovations, reshaping industries and economies at an unprecedented pace. While these advancements promise a new frontier of opportunities, they also bring forth a myriad of challenges, particularly for Small, Micro, and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMMEs). This research delves deep into the multifaceted challenges and technological disparities encountered by SMMEs in the wake of 4IR, with a concentrated lens on the enterprises operating within the KwaZulu-Natal region of South Africa. At the heart of this exploration is the pronounced digital divide, which exacerbates the gulf between well-resourced corporations and SMMEs. The divide is not just technological but extends to areas like access to finance, digital literacy, infrastructure, and the agility to adapt to rapidly changing business environments. As these SMMEs grapple with the challenges of integrating into the digital economy, they face hurdles such as limited access to advanced technological tools, cybersecurity threats, the high cost of digital transformation, and a dearth of skilled manpower to navigate the complexities of 4IR. Furthermore, the research sheds light on the systemic and infrastructural challenges in the KwaZulu-Natal region, which further compound the difficulties faced by local SMMEs. From inconsistent internet access and electricity issues to the lack of tailored training programs and financial schemes, these enterprises find themselves in a precarious position, trying to bridge the chasm between traditional business models and the demands of the digital age. By offering an in-depth analysis of these challenges, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the obstacles that SMMEs face in the current 4IR-driven economic climate. It emphasizes the need for a multi-stakeholder approach, involving governments, industry leaders, educational institutions, and financial institutions, to collaboratively develop strategies, policies, and interventions that can empower SMMEs. Through targeted support, capacity-building initiatives, and fostering an ecosystem of innovation, there's potential to not only narrow the digital divide but to position these enterprises as key players in South Africa's 4IR journey. This research, thus, serves as both a clarion call and a foundational blueprint for ensuring that no enterprise, regardless of its size, is left behind in this transformative era.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139337472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286635
Olawale Olufemi Akinrinde
The object of the research is the interaction between unending migrations and the political economy as significant drivers of xenophobic conflicts. The phenomenon of xenophobic conflict in South Africa has garnered increasing attention due to its recurrent violent nature and socio-political implications. This study delves, systematically, into the intricate connection between migration and the politics of xenophobia in South Africa. It examines how migrations, both internal and external, have influenced the development of xenophobic conflict within South Africa, alongside the historical context of the entrenched apartheid system. It further explores the underlying motives of those engaging in xenophobic acts while examining the responses of civil society and the government. By analyzing existing literature and conducting qualitative reviews of the experiences of the victims of xenophobic violence, this study contends that xenophobia in South Africa, among other factors, is a lasting legacy of the apartheid era that has created unequal economic power relations between the South African blacks and the few dominant whites. Findings further underscore the significance of understanding contemporary migration patterns in the 21st century from the context of entrenched economic inequalities, economic disenfranchisements, rising poverty among the indigenous black South African community in South Africa. In addition, economic disparities, resource scarcity, and competition for employment opportunities have emerged for being pivotal catalysts of conflict, thereby exacerbating tensions between native black South Africans and the African immigrant populations in South Africa. Relying on findings, this study thus argues that xenophobia remains an ongoing and persistent challenge that demands urgent attention from policymakers in South Africa. In conclusion, this study underscores the necessity of addressing the xenophobic conflict in South Africa through a multidimensional approach. Policymakers, civil society, and academia must collaborate to formulate strategies that target both the economic and socio-political drivers of such conflicts. By acknowledging the historical context, rectifying inequalities, and promoting accurate narratives, it becomes possible to foster a more inclusive and harmonious society, thereby mitigating the unending cycle of xenophobic tensions, phobia and violence.
{"title":"Why unending? Migrations and the political economy of the xenophobic conflict in South Africa: a systematic review","authors":"Olawale Olufemi Akinrinde","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286635","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the research is the interaction between unending migrations and the political economy as significant drivers of xenophobic conflicts. The phenomenon of xenophobic conflict in South Africa has garnered increasing attention due to its recurrent violent nature and socio-political implications. This study delves, systematically, into the intricate connection between migration and the politics of xenophobia in South Africa. It examines how migrations, both internal and external, have influenced the development of xenophobic conflict within South Africa, alongside the historical context of the entrenched apartheid system. It further explores the underlying motives of those engaging in xenophobic acts while examining the responses of civil society and the government. By analyzing existing literature and conducting qualitative reviews of the experiences of the victims of xenophobic violence, this study contends that xenophobia in South Africa, among other factors, is a lasting legacy of the apartheid era that has created unequal economic power relations between the South African blacks and the few dominant whites. Findings further underscore the significance of understanding contemporary migration patterns in the 21st century from the context of entrenched economic inequalities, economic disenfranchisements, rising poverty among the indigenous black South African community in South Africa. In addition, economic disparities, resource scarcity, and competition for employment opportunities have emerged for being pivotal catalysts of conflict, thereby exacerbating tensions between native black South Africans and the African immigrant populations in South Africa. Relying on findings, this study thus argues that xenophobia remains an ongoing and persistent challenge that demands urgent attention from policymakers in South Africa. In conclusion, this study underscores the necessity of addressing the xenophobic conflict in South Africa through a multidimensional approach. Policymakers, civil society, and academia must collaborate to formulate strategies that target both the economic and socio-political drivers of such conflicts. By acknowledging the historical context, rectifying inequalities, and promoting accurate narratives, it becomes possible to foster a more inclusive and harmonious society, thereby mitigating the unending cycle of xenophobic tensions, phobia and violence.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286628
Sandhya Nankoo van Wyk, Visvanathan Naicker
The object of this research is the nurse shortages on existing nurse workforces in South Africa and Ukraine. The healthcare system has taken strain since the inception of the war in Ukraine. The war caused damages to hospital, clinic and warehouse infrastructure, leading to limited medical resources and impacting the shortage of healthcare personnel, especially among the nursing professionals. A skilled, motivated and supported health workforce is essential to providing consistent and quality healthcare to patients. However, nurse shortages make it difficult for the existing nurses in a war-stricken country to provide the best possible care to their patients, which can be emotionally distressing for the nurses. Whereas in South Africa, economic turmoil and the recent COVID-19 pandemic placed an even more significant strain on South Africa’s overburdened and under-resourced healthcare system, eventually leading to a decline of healthcare workers on the frontline, thereby affecting the delivery of quality healthcare to patients. This paper will explore the expected effects of nurse shortages on the existing nurse workforce in these countries. It will provide recommendations for nurses to cope and regain their motivation to deliver quality healthcare to patients without compromising their own health and well-being. The researchers, therefore, conducted a qualitative study with Registered Nurses (RNs) and Operational Nurse Managers (ONMs) working in selected critical care units at a public hospital under investigation. The findings of the study revealed that the nurse shortage significantly impacted the well-being of existing nursing staff, both personally and professionally. Simple strategies to improve their well-being via the use of an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) were recommended by the researchers to address their mental health and well-being issues by providing support and advice in critical times of need, encouraging meditation & physical fitness activities and encouraging nurses to make a conscious decision to achieve a balance between work and family life. Such strategies will benefit the Ukrainian health workforce in providing quality healthcare to their patients during the unpleasant circumstances caused by the ongoing war.
{"title":"A review of the effect of nurse shortages on existing nurse workforces in South Africa and Ukraine","authors":"Sandhya Nankoo van Wyk, Visvanathan Naicker","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286628","url":null,"abstract":"The object of this research is the nurse shortages on existing nurse workforces in South Africa and Ukraine. The healthcare system has taken strain since the inception of the war in Ukraine. The war caused damages to hospital, clinic and warehouse infrastructure, leading to limited medical resources and impacting the shortage of healthcare personnel, especially among the nursing professionals. A skilled, motivated and supported health workforce is essential to providing consistent and quality healthcare to patients. However, nurse shortages make it difficult for the existing nurses in a war-stricken country to provide the best possible care to their patients, which can be emotionally distressing for the nurses. Whereas in South Africa, economic turmoil and the recent COVID-19 pandemic placed an even more significant strain on South Africa’s overburdened and under-resourced healthcare system, eventually leading to a decline of healthcare workers on the frontline, thereby affecting the delivery of quality healthcare to patients. This paper will explore the expected effects of nurse shortages on the existing nurse workforce in these countries. It will provide recommendations for nurses to cope and regain their motivation to deliver quality healthcare to patients without compromising their own health and well-being. The researchers, therefore, conducted a qualitative study with Registered Nurses (RNs) and Operational Nurse Managers (ONMs) working in selected critical care units at a public hospital under investigation. The findings of the study revealed that the nurse shortage significantly impacted the well-being of existing nursing staff, both personally and professionally. Simple strategies to improve their well-being via the use of an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) were recommended by the researchers to address their mental health and well-being issues by providing support and advice in critical times of need, encouraging meditation & physical fitness activities and encouraging nurses to make a conscious decision to achieve a balance between work and family life. Such strategies will benefit the Ukrainian health workforce in providing quality healthcare to their patients during the unpleasant circumstances caused by the ongoing war.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The object of research is the process of granulation of nitrogen mineral fertilizers by the method of sprinkling. One of the most problematic areas is the lack of certainty regarding the dynamics of the temperature change of the granule when it is cooled by air in the granulation tower. The paper considers the process of urea granulation using a rotating vibrating granulator. The scheme of the rotating vibrating granulator as part of the experimental stand for granulating liquid urea is presented, the method of conducting experimental studies and the design parameters of the granulator are described. It is indicated that in the process of experimental research, the temperatures of the melt, granules and cooling air were recorded. It is emphasized that the contact of the cooling air with the flow of hot granules leads to a constant increase in air temperature due to the heat transferred from the granules, which makes it necessary to determine the final temperature of the air leaving the granulation tower. For this purpose, a mathematical model was developed and calculation equations were obtained to determine the temperature of the air in contact with the surface of the pellet and the temperature profile inside the pellet. Numerical calculations of the calculation equations made it possible to obtain temperature profiles of the granule along its radius. It is emphasized that the theoretically obtained temperature profile cannot be an accurate indicator of the real temperature of the pellet when it falls in the granulation tower. Analysis of the calculated results shows that the temperature of the granules in the lower part of the granulation tower is 60–62 °C. This temperature corresponds to the practically confirmed final temperature of the granule, which was measured on the experimental stand.
{"title":"Study of temperature changes in mineral fertiliser granules after contact with air in a granulation tower","authors":"Al-Khyatt Muhamad Nadhem, Vsevolod Sklabinskyi, Ruslan Ostroha, Maksym Skydanenko, Mykola Yukhymenko, Jozef Bocko, Denys Ostroha, Dmitry Zabitsky, Oleksii Moskalchuk, Andrii Serhiienko","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286693","url":null,"abstract":"The object of research is the process of granulation of nitrogen mineral fertilizers by the method of sprinkling. One of the most problematic areas is the lack of certainty regarding the dynamics of the temperature change of the granule when it is cooled by air in the granulation tower. The paper considers the process of urea granulation using a rotating vibrating granulator. The scheme of the rotating vibrating granulator as part of the experimental stand for granulating liquid urea is presented, the method of conducting experimental studies and the design parameters of the granulator are described. It is indicated that in the process of experimental research, the temperatures of the melt, granules and cooling air were recorded. It is emphasized that the contact of the cooling air with the flow of hot granules leads to a constant increase in air temperature due to the heat transferred from the granules, which makes it necessary to determine the final temperature of the air leaving the granulation tower. For this purpose, a mathematical model was developed and calculation equations were obtained to determine the temperature of the air in contact with the surface of the pellet and the temperature profile inside the pellet. Numerical calculations of the calculation equations made it possible to obtain temperature profiles of the granule along its radius. It is emphasized that the theoretically obtained temperature profile cannot be an accurate indicator of the real temperature of the pellet when it falls in the granulation tower. Analysis of the calculated results shows that the temperature of the granules in the lower part of the granulation tower is 60–62 °C. This temperature corresponds to the practically confirmed final temperature of the granule, which was measured on the experimental stand.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286709
Liudmyla Berezovska, Oleksandr Titlov
One of the most important tasks of modern society is the solution of environmental and energy problems in power engineering and, in particular, refrigeration technology. At the same time, in the field of artificial cooling systems, it is necessary to solve the problems of reducing the impact on both the ozone layer and the greenhouse effect. An effective approach here can be absorption refrigeration systems with a natural working fluid (water-ammonia solution), which does not adversely affect the environment. For the effective use of absorption refrigeration systems, it is necessary to solve the problems of increasing their energy efficiency, in particular, through the use of cold accumulators. Thus, the object of research is absorption-type cooling systems with cold accumulators. The paper analyzes cold accumulators with different physical nature. It is shown that melting substances can be the most effective for solving problems of low-temperature cooling. An analysis of the thermal scheme of an absorption freezer of the «chest» type, which is the most problematic in terms of providing cooling modes at a level of (–18)–(–24) °С, was carried out. Optimization thermal calculations for typical absorption freezers up to 200 dm3 have been performed. It is shown that when the chamber is initially loaded with a product at an ambient temperature, the cooling capacity of the installed absorption refrigeration units is not enough – no more than 50 % of the required one. For an absorption freezer of the «chest» type, the most suitable cold-storage materials are a eutectic aqueous solution of sodium chloride or propylene glycol, since these solutions have the desired melting point of the order of –18 °C and a fairly high melting heat. The result of optimizing the weight and size characteristics of the internal volume of the absorption freezer is the following recommendations: – the optimal size of wire baskets for placing products is 315´370´240 mm; – the gaps between the basket and the cabinet wall, as well as between the baskets themselves, should be 10 mm to ensure normal convection conditions; – it is not advisable to place fans inside the volume of the freezer at this stage, since the freezing time is reduced by a maximum of 30 %, but this results in additional heat generation, energy consumption and increases the shrinkage of the products stored in the chamber.
{"title":"Analysis of the possibilities of increasing the energy efficiency of absorption refrigeration appliances through the use of refrigerating accumulators","authors":"Liudmyla Berezovska, Oleksandr Titlov","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286709","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important tasks of modern society is the solution of environmental and energy problems in power engineering and, in particular, refrigeration technology. At the same time, in the field of artificial cooling systems, it is necessary to solve the problems of reducing the impact on both the ozone layer and the greenhouse effect. An effective approach here can be absorption refrigeration systems with a natural working fluid (water-ammonia solution), which does not adversely affect the environment. For the effective use of absorption refrigeration systems, it is necessary to solve the problems of increasing their energy efficiency, in particular, through the use of cold accumulators. Thus, the object of research is absorption-type cooling systems with cold accumulators. \u0000The paper analyzes cold accumulators with different physical nature. It is shown that melting substances can be the most effective for solving problems of low-temperature cooling. An analysis of the thermal scheme of an absorption freezer of the «chest» type, which is the most problematic in terms of providing cooling modes at a level of (–18)–(–24) °С, was carried out. Optimization thermal calculations for typical absorption freezers up to 200 dm3 have been performed. It is shown that when the chamber is initially loaded with a product at an ambient temperature, the cooling capacity of the installed absorption refrigeration units is not enough – no more than 50 % of the required one. For an absorption freezer of the «chest» type, the most suitable cold-storage materials are a eutectic aqueous solution of sodium chloride or propylene glycol, since these solutions have the desired melting point of the order of –18 °C and a fairly high melting heat. The result of optimizing the weight and size characteristics of the internal volume of the absorption freezer is the following recommendations: \u0000– the optimal size of wire baskets for placing products is 315´370´240 mm; \u0000– the gaps between the basket and the cabinet wall, as well as between the baskets themselves, should be 10 mm to ensure normal convection conditions; \u0000– it is not advisable to place fans inside the volume of the freezer at this stage, since the freezing time is reduced by a maximum of 30 %, but this results in additional heat generation, energy consumption and increases the shrinkage of the products stored in the chamber.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286657
Iryna Didenko, Alina Yefimenko
The research focuses on bank capitalization and macroeconomic stability, including corruption and the shadow economy. A well-capitalized banking system and a low corruption level are important for maintaining macroeconomic stability and reducing the size of the shadow economy. The paper is aimed at assessing the relationship between bank capitalization and macroeconomic stability, which includes corruption and shadow economy through canonical analysis. The research is conducted on the basis of financial and economic reporting of 35 countries with different levels of socio-economic development during 2010–2021 based on data from the World Bank and the European Central Bank. The main input blocks macroeconomic stability – corruption – shadow economy are characterized. During the research, the following tools were used: – methods of grouping, analysis and comparison in determining the characteristics of the elements of the chain «level of capitalization of the banking system – macroeconomic stability – corruption – shadow economy»; – factor analysis by applying the method of principal components in the selection of statistically significant indicators of the bank capitalization level and macroeconomic stability. The quantitative assessment of the bank capitalization level revealed the following dependencies: there is a strong correlation between return on assets and the level of non-performing loans, return on assets and return on equity. Using the principal components method, the following statistically significant indicators of macroeconomic stability were identified: GDP, Gini index, corruption perception index, corruption control index, and political stability index. Research, based on the canonical analysis, determined that 71.1% of changes in macroeconomic stability indicators are explained by fluctuations in the level of bank capitalization. The level of non-performing loans has a negative impact on macroeconomic stability, while the volatility of return on assets and return on equity has a greater positive impact on the development of the country's economy. The obtained results can be used by banks in the development of their resource and management policies, in the analysis of the volatility of capitalization level, by state bodies in the development of national policies of the country's economic development.
{"title":"Interconnections assessment of banking capitalization with macroeconomic stability, including corruption and shadow economy","authors":"Iryna Didenko, Alina Yefimenko","doi":"10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2023.286657","url":null,"abstract":"The research focuses on bank capitalization and macroeconomic stability, including corruption and the shadow economy. A well-capitalized banking system and a low corruption level are important for maintaining macroeconomic stability and reducing the size of the shadow economy. The paper is aimed at assessing the relationship between bank capitalization and macroeconomic stability, which includes corruption and shadow economy through canonical analysis. The research is conducted on the basis of financial and economic reporting of 35 countries with different levels of socio-economic development during 2010–2021 based on data from the World Bank and the European Central Bank. The main input blocks macroeconomic stability – corruption – shadow economy are characterized. During the research, the following tools were used: – methods of grouping, analysis and comparison in determining the characteristics of the elements of the chain «level of capitalization of the banking system – macroeconomic stability – corruption – shadow economy»; – factor analysis by applying the method of principal components in the selection of statistically significant indicators of the bank capitalization level and macroeconomic stability. The quantitative assessment of the bank capitalization level revealed the following dependencies: there is a strong correlation between return on assets and the level of non-performing loans, return on assets and return on equity. Using the principal components method, the following statistically significant indicators of macroeconomic stability were identified: GDP, Gini index, corruption perception index, corruption control index, and political stability index. Research, based on the canonical analysis, determined that 71.1% of changes in macroeconomic stability indicators are explained by fluctuations in the level of bank capitalization. The level of non-performing loans has a negative impact on macroeconomic stability, while the volatility of return on assets and return on equity has a greater positive impact on the development of the country's economy. The obtained results can be used by banks in the development of their resource and management policies, in the analysis of the volatility of capitalization level, by state bodies in the development of national policies of the country's economic development.","PeriodicalId":22480,"journal":{"name":"Technology audit and production reserves","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136035841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}