Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.262665
Hossam-Eldin Ali, R. Elhefny, Noha Abdel-Ghafaar, Wafaa Abdel-Wahed, Fadwa Abdel Reheem
Background : Throughout unexplained cases of pneumonia, a new human coronavirus first found in Wuhan, China in December 2019 had spread worldwide. Viral loads from respiratory samples were measured and considered an indication of active virus replication and used for monitoring severe viral respiratory tract infections routinely. Objective: is to evaluate if the nasopharyngeal viral load has any link with known clinical parameters at disease progression in cases infected with (SARS-CoV-2) during the early three months (May, June, July /2020) of the epidemic in Fayoum University Hospitals. Methodology: Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and viral loads were detected by real-time Reversed transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) according to cycle threshold (Ct) where high viral load means Ct value <25, moderate viral load; Ct value is from 25 to 35 and low viral load means Ct value >35. Results: Moderate and high NP viral load were significantly higher in patients with fever, upper respiratory tract symptoms, bone aches, and vomiting. High levels of both CRP (p=0.021) and CT findings (p=0.005) were significantly associated with moderate and high viral load. There were significant differences between viral loads groups as regards the occupation of HCWs (p=0.005). Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 viral load were high in the nasopharynx at the early phase of infection; also high viral load were noticed more in HCWs.
{"title":"Clinical significance of viral loads in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Fayoum University Hospitals","authors":"Hossam-Eldin Ali, R. Elhefny, Noha Abdel-Ghafaar, Wafaa Abdel-Wahed, Fadwa Abdel Reheem","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.262665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.262665","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Throughout unexplained cases of pneumonia, a new human coronavirus first found in Wuhan, China in December 2019 had spread worldwide. Viral loads from respiratory samples were measured and considered an indication of active virus replication and used for monitoring severe viral respiratory tract infections routinely. Objective: is to evaluate if the nasopharyngeal viral load has any link with known clinical parameters at disease progression in cases infected with (SARS-CoV-2) during the early three months (May, June, July /2020) of the epidemic in Fayoum University Hospitals. Methodology: Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and viral loads were detected by real-time Reversed transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) according to cycle threshold (Ct) where high viral load means Ct value <25, moderate viral load; Ct value is from 25 to 35 and low viral load means Ct value >35. Results: Moderate and high NP viral load were significantly higher in patients with fever, upper respiratory tract symptoms, bone aches, and vomiting. High levels of both CRP (p=0.021) and CT findings (p=0.005) were significantly associated with moderate and high viral load. There were significant differences between viral loads groups as regards the occupation of HCWs (p=0.005). Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 viral load were high in the nasopharynx at the early phase of infection; also high viral load were noticed more in HCWs.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88333471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.262673
Wesam Ibrahiem, Dina E Rizk, H. Kenawy, R. Hassan
Background : The uncontrolled use of vancomycin led to an upsurge of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) throughout the world. Objective : The goal of this study is to screen vancomycin resistance among MRSA isolates, determine antimicrobial resistance pattern and evaluate the distribution of virulence genes among these isolates. Methodology : A total of 127 S. aureus clinical isolates were used, MRSA isolates were identified and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern for nine antimicrobial agents from different classes was assessed. In addition, vancomycin MIC was determined by standard agar dilution method and PCR identification of vancomycin resistance encoding genes vanA and vanB was performed. Moreover, the prevalence of eight different virulence genes was determined among different vancomycin resistance categories. Results : All isolates were identified phenotypically as MRSA. However, mecA gene was detected only in 95.28% of isolates. The highest and lowest percentage of resistance was recorded for clindamycin (82.68%) and trimethoprim (11.81%), respectively. Vancomycin resistance level was 23.62% of isolates, while vanA and vanB genes were detected only in 16.67% and 10% of VRSA isolates, respectively. The highest prevalence of virulence genes was found for icaA, followed by hld, hlb, icaD, hlg, hla, tsst and cna, respectively in the tested isolates. In addition, VRSA isolates showed higher mean virulence score (MVS) of 3.6 compared to VISA and VSSA isolates. Conclusion : This study highlights the alarming problem of the increasing incidence of VRSA infections in Egypt. Therefore, there is an urgent need to rationalize vancomycin consumption and to continuously monitor the prevalence of VRSA strains.
{"title":"Prevalence of Vancomycin Resistance among Clinical Isolates of MRSA from Different Governorates in Egypt","authors":"Wesam Ibrahiem, Dina E Rizk, H. Kenawy, R. Hassan","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.262673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.262673","url":null,"abstract":"Background : The uncontrolled use of vancomycin led to an upsurge of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) throughout the world. Objective : The goal of this study is to screen vancomycin resistance among MRSA isolates, determine antimicrobial resistance pattern and evaluate the distribution of virulence genes among these isolates. Methodology : A total of 127 S. aureus clinical isolates were used, MRSA isolates were identified and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern for nine antimicrobial agents from different classes was assessed. In addition, vancomycin MIC was determined by standard agar dilution method and PCR identification of vancomycin resistance encoding genes vanA and vanB was performed. Moreover, the prevalence of eight different virulence genes was determined among different vancomycin resistance categories. Results : All isolates were identified phenotypically as MRSA. However, mecA gene was detected only in 95.28% of isolates. The highest and lowest percentage of resistance was recorded for clindamycin (82.68%) and trimethoprim (11.81%), respectively. Vancomycin resistance level was 23.62% of isolates, while vanA and vanB genes were detected only in 16.67% and 10% of VRSA isolates, respectively. The highest prevalence of virulence genes was found for icaA, followed by hld, hlb, icaD, hlg, hla, tsst and cna, respectively in the tested isolates. In addition, VRSA isolates showed higher mean virulence score (MVS) of 3.6 compared to VISA and VSSA isolates. Conclusion : This study highlights the alarming problem of the increasing incidence of VRSA infections in Egypt. Therefore, there is an urgent need to rationalize vancomycin consumption and to continuously monitor the prevalence of VRSA strains.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78108083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.262680
mostAFA ABDEL-MOTaleb, M. Hamed, M. A. Abdel Wahab, A. Abdel Monem, M. Fathy, A. Elgendy
Widespread dissemination of carbapenem-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) is of major concern in healthcare settings. Resistance to carbapenems involves multiple mechanisms such as the production of carbapenemases, impermeability of outer membrane and efflux pump mechanism. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae strains among various clinical specimens obtained from different wards and to detect KPC as a mechanism of resistance. Methodology: 100 samples (55urine and 45sputum) were collected from outpatients and inpatients attending urology and chest departments in Beni Suef University Hospital aiming to isolate K. pneumoniae during the period of December 2016 to January 2018. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to ertapenem using E test. Resistant isolates were subjected to phenotypic detection of carbapenemase production by Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and molecular assessment of KPC gene by PCR. Phylogentic tree analysis was used to detect their relationship by DNA sequencing reaction. Results: K.pneumoniae were isolated from 31(31%) of the samples taken. Out of them 19(61.8%) were resistant to ertapenem by E test. By phenotypic method,17/19 (89.4%) were positive for carbapenemase by MHT; and only 13 out of them (76.4%) were confirmed as KPC by PCR. Conclusion: High rate of carbapenem-resistance in K. pneumoniae by both phenotypic and molecular methods was observed. These results warrant more firm infection control measures along with a strictly implemented antibiotic stewardship program to prevent their spread.
{"title":"Phenotypic and Genotypic Evaluation of Carbapenamase Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Isolates with Their Phylogenetic Analysis at an Egyptian University Hospital","authors":"mostAFA ABDEL-MOTaleb, M. Hamed, M. A. Abdel Wahab, A. Abdel Monem, M. Fathy, A. Elgendy","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.262680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.262680","url":null,"abstract":"Widespread dissemination of carbapenem-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) is of major concern in healthcare settings. Resistance to carbapenems involves multiple mechanisms such as the production of carbapenemases, impermeability of outer membrane and efflux pump mechanism. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae strains among various clinical specimens obtained from different wards and to detect KPC as a mechanism of resistance. Methodology: 100 samples (55urine and 45sputum) were collected from outpatients and inpatients attending urology and chest departments in Beni Suef University Hospital aiming to isolate K. pneumoniae during the period of December 2016 to January 2018. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to ertapenem using E test. Resistant isolates were subjected to phenotypic detection of carbapenemase production by Modified Hodge Test (MHT) and molecular assessment of KPC gene by PCR. Phylogentic tree analysis was used to detect their relationship by DNA sequencing reaction. Results: K.pneumoniae were isolated from 31(31%) of the samples taken. Out of them 19(61.8%) were resistant to ertapenem by E test. By phenotypic method,17/19 (89.4%) were positive for carbapenemase by MHT; and only 13 out of them (76.4%) were confirmed as KPC by PCR. Conclusion: High rate of carbapenem-resistance in K. pneumoniae by both phenotypic and molecular methods was observed. These results warrant more firm infection control measures along with a strictly implemented antibiotic stewardship program to prevent their spread.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73777153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.262676
Mai Hammam, Hanaa A. Mansour, W. Hassan
Background: Open wounds leave the wound bed at risk for colonization by opportunistic pathogens. Therefore, the understanding and control of the microbial infections are of great importance for the enhanced healing and management of wounds. Reducing the wound healing time is important as it lowers the risk of infection and decreases possible complications. Grape seed extract is rich in powerful antioxidant compounds. Accordingly, grape seed extract (GSE) alone or in combination with chemical agents might be of beneficial value in wound healing. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the topical application of grape seed extract on wound healing of induced Staphylococcus aureus infected skin wound in diabetic rats. Methodology: Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150–200 grams were divided into five groups. All groups were anesthetized, shaved, and exposed to round full-thickness punch biopsy on the back: group I (control); group II (wounded); group III (wounded Staphylococcus aureus infected); group IV (wounded STZ diabetic) and group V (wounded STZ diabetic infected with Staphylococcus aureus). These last four groups were subdivided into Vaseline base treated or GSE- Vaseline treated groups. Macroscopic examination were observed at 0, 1, 3, 6, 8, 12 and 16 days after skin biopsy. Wound contraction data were expressed as a percentage of the initial wound area. Skin homogenates were prepared for determining the immunological parameters TNF-α, IL-10 TGF-β1. Results: Grape seed extract topical application improved the skin homogenate contents of TGF- β1, IL-10 and TNF-α denoting the immunological effect of GSE on wound healing in different experimental groups. Skin histopathological examination was in agreement with the immunological results. Conclusion: Grape seed extract topical application promoted skin wound contraction and closure. Furthermore, it possesses antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Grape seed extract has also strong immunoregulating properties of the skin immune system in Staphylococcus aureus infected diabetic wounded rats.
{"title":"Grape seed extract promotes Staphyloccous aureus infected skin wound Healing in diabetic rat model","authors":"Mai Hammam, Hanaa A. Mansour, W. Hassan","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.262676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.262676","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Open wounds leave the wound bed at risk for colonization by opportunistic pathogens. Therefore, the understanding and control of the microbial infections are of great importance for the enhanced healing and management of wounds. Reducing the wound healing time is important as it lowers the risk of infection and decreases possible complications. Grape seed extract is rich in powerful antioxidant compounds. Accordingly, grape seed extract (GSE) alone or in combination with chemical agents might be of beneficial value in wound healing. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the topical application of grape seed extract on wound healing of induced Staphylococcus aureus infected skin wound in diabetic rats. Methodology: Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150–200 grams were divided into five groups. All groups were anesthetized, shaved, and exposed to round full-thickness punch biopsy on the back: group I (control); group II (wounded); group III (wounded Staphylococcus aureus infected); group IV (wounded STZ diabetic) and group V (wounded STZ diabetic infected with Staphylococcus aureus). These last four groups were subdivided into Vaseline base treated or GSE- Vaseline treated groups. Macroscopic examination were observed at 0, 1, 3, 6, 8, 12 and 16 days after skin biopsy. Wound contraction data were expressed as a percentage of the initial wound area. Skin homogenates were prepared for determining the immunological parameters TNF-α, IL-10 TGF-β1. Results: Grape seed extract topical application improved the skin homogenate contents of TGF- β1, IL-10 and TNF-α denoting the immunological effect of GSE on wound healing in different experimental groups. Skin histopathological examination was in agreement with the immunological results. Conclusion: Grape seed extract topical application promoted skin wound contraction and closure. Furthermore, it possesses antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Grape seed extract has also strong immunoregulating properties of the skin immune system in Staphylococcus aureus infected diabetic wounded rats.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78472398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.262696
Noha Elmekawy, S. Mohamed, Sanaa Mohei El-dein, M. Arafa, N. A. Abou El-Khier
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem that differs epidemiologically across the world. Its pathogenesis is contributed to many factors, and chronic hepatitis viral infections which considered the main risk factor in Egypt. Host genetic factors are considered the most important determinants for the development of HCC especially Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem with 185 million people infected globally based on the estimation of the World Health Organization (WHO). Persistent infection with HCV can cause liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is considered the fifth most common type of cancer, killing about 600,000 patients every year. About 30% of HCV- infected patients clear the infection naturally, while the remaining 70% develop chronic disease of which
{"title":"Genetic polymorphism in IL-28 B and LMP-7 genes: Role in HCV-induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"Noha Elmekawy, S. Mohamed, Sanaa Mohei El-dein, M. Arafa, N. A. Abou El-Khier","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.262696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.262696","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem that differs epidemiologically across the world. Its pathogenesis is contributed to many factors, and chronic hepatitis viral infections which considered the main risk factor in Egypt. Host genetic factors are considered the most important determinants for the development of HCC especially Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a major health problem with 185 million people infected globally based on the estimation of the World Health Organization (WHO). Persistent infection with HCV can cause liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC is considered the fifth most common type of cancer, killing about 600,000 patients every year. About 30% of HCV- infected patients clear the infection naturally, while the remaining 70% develop chronic disease of which","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"476 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76364961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.262694
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Mahramian Mehran, A. Omidi, Hoda Sabati
Background: Bacterial co-infections with respiratory pathogens are not uncommon. Currently, we are facing the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, which is a very serious threat to public health. Because TB-Covid-19 infections are a major risk for TB, this is the first report from Afghanistan. Timely and rapid diagnosis of respiratory infections caused by COVID-19, and treatment of tuberculosis patients should be taken very seriously. Methodology: This study was conducted in Afghan Japan Hospital to investigate COVID-19 among 57 tuberculosis patients from April to January 2021, of which 23 patients had extrapulmonary tuberculosis and 34 patients had pulmonary tuberculosis. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from all patients and sent to the Microbiology Laboratory of the Hospital for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. It was done using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. The kit used was from BioVendor. (https://www.biovendor.com). Results : 57 patients with tuberculosis had an average age of 45.5 years. The patients included 29 (16.53%) men and 26 (14.82%) women. 2 people (1.14%) of tuberculosis patients were infection with covid- 19. The history of two patients with Covid-19 is as follows. Conclusions: These results indicate the importance of investigating co-infections of covid-19 during the pandemic.
{"title":"Co-infection of covid-19 in two patients with active tuberculosis: first case report in Afghanistan","authors":"Mohammad Reza Mohammadi, Mahramian Mehran, A. Omidi, Hoda Sabati","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.262694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.262694","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bacterial co-infections with respiratory pathogens are not uncommon. Currently, we are facing the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, which is a very serious threat to public health. Because TB-Covid-19 infections are a major risk for TB, this is the first report from Afghanistan. Timely and rapid diagnosis of respiratory infections caused by COVID-19, and treatment of tuberculosis patients should be taken very seriously. Methodology: This study was conducted in Afghan Japan Hospital to investigate COVID-19 among 57 tuberculosis patients from April to January 2021, of which 23 patients had extrapulmonary tuberculosis and 34 patients had pulmonary tuberculosis. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from all patients and sent to the Microbiology Laboratory of the Hospital for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. It was done using Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. The kit used was from BioVendor. (https://www.biovendor.com). Results : 57 patients with tuberculosis had an average age of 45.5 years. The patients included 29 (16.53%) men and 26 (14.82%) women. 2 people (1.14%) of tuberculosis patients were infection with covid- 19. The history of two patients with Covid-19 is as follows. Conclusions: These results indicate the importance of investigating co-infections of covid-19 during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88777681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.265442
Shaimaa M. Mohammed, O. Botrous, Mahmoud Abd Elkhalek, mostAFA ABDEL-MOTaleb
Background : Based on the crucial pathogenic role of inflammation for the progress of hepatic disorders, we hypothesized that the soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R, also known as s CD25) would be a sign of inflammatory cell activation and disease severity in people with chronic liver diseases (CLD). Objectives : Our study aimed to evaluate soluble CD25 as a possible indicator of immune cell activation in CLD and acute liver diseases in a group of pediatric Egyptian patients. Methodology : This study was a case control study that included 120 children presented with liver disease aged 2 month-15 years and 60 unrelated healthy controls. The patients were recruited from Pediatric Hepatology Clinic, Beni- Suef University. All children were subjected to history taking, full clinical examination, laboratory tests (CBC, GGT, ALP, AST, ALT, serum albumin, PT, PC, PTT, INR and Soluble CD25 level). Results : Children with chronic liver disease with fibrosis had serum sIL-2R levels that were considerably lower (19.16±12.33 ng/ml) than children with acute liver disease (27.65±14.19 ng/ml) (p=0.036) and controls (29.23±13.20 ng/ml) (p=0.008). Children with chronic liver disease without fibrosis had a mean CD25 level of (23.33±16.31 ng/ml), which was not statistically different from other groups (p=0.655). Conclusions : further research is needed to clarify the role of sCD25 as an immunological marker to predict the occurrence of liver fibrosis in pediatric hepatic disorders and to differentiate between acute & chronic hepatic disorders.
{"title":"Evaluation of Soluble CD25 as a Marker in Chronic Liver Diseases in Children","authors":"Shaimaa M. Mohammed, O. Botrous, Mahmoud Abd Elkhalek, mostAFA ABDEL-MOTaleb","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.265442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.265442","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Based on the crucial pathogenic role of inflammation for the progress of hepatic disorders, we hypothesized that the soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R, also known as s CD25) would be a sign of inflammatory cell activation and disease severity in people with chronic liver diseases (CLD). Objectives : Our study aimed to evaluate soluble CD25 as a possible indicator of immune cell activation in CLD and acute liver diseases in a group of pediatric Egyptian patients. Methodology : This study was a case control study that included 120 children presented with liver disease aged 2 month-15 years and 60 unrelated healthy controls. The patients were recruited from Pediatric Hepatology Clinic, Beni- Suef University. All children were subjected to history taking, full clinical examination, laboratory tests (CBC, GGT, ALP, AST, ALT, serum albumin, PT, PC, PTT, INR and Soluble CD25 level). Results : Children with chronic liver disease with fibrosis had serum sIL-2R levels that were considerably lower (19.16±12.33 ng/ml) than children with acute liver disease (27.65±14.19 ng/ml) (p=0.036) and controls (29.23±13.20 ng/ml) (p=0.008). Children with chronic liver disease without fibrosis had a mean CD25 level of (23.33±16.31 ng/ml), which was not statistically different from other groups (p=0.655). Conclusions : further research is needed to clarify the role of sCD25 as an immunological marker to predict the occurrence of liver fibrosis in pediatric hepatic disorders and to differentiate between acute & chronic hepatic disorders.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88671772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.264208
N. Mostafa, M. Salah, Amira Elashrey
Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with the incomplete hemolytic phenotype (SIHP) is known for its dark hemolytic ring, which differs from the transparent S. aureus with complete hemolytic phenotype (SCHP). SIHP is recently linked to severe infections and antimicrobial resistance. Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) and hemolysin are documented virulence factors for S. aureus infection. Objectives : We conducted this study to recognize methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains with SIHP phenotype and evaluate its association with the PVL and hemolysin in patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs). Methodology: Ninety-Three S. aureus isolates were recognized during the study period, and they were evaluated for resistance to thirteen antibiotics. Blood agar plates were used to culture these isolates, and they underwent ten passages for identification of their hemolytic phenotype. PVL and hemolysin genes were tested via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: SIHP constituted 34.4% of the collected isolates. PVL positivity was significantly increased in SIHP (34.4% vs. 16.4% in SCHP). Also, SIHP was strongly associated with MRSA (62.5% vs. 39.3% of SCHP). In SIHP isolates, PVL positivity was associated with MRSA (55% vs. 0 % in MSSA) and increased resistance to Augmentin, cefoxitin, and gentamycin. Conclusion: The prevalence of SIHP is increasing among S. aureus. The prevalence of the PVL gene is higher in SIHP, and it is associated with the presence of MRSA.
背景:具有不完全溶血表型(SIHP)的金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)以其黑色溶血环而闻名，这与具有完全溶血表型(SCHP)的透明金黄色葡萄球菌不同。SIHP最近与严重感染和抗微生物药物耐药性有关。潘通-瓦伦丁嗜白细胞素(PVL)和溶血素是文献记载的金黄色葡萄球菌感染的毒力因子。目的:我们进行了这项研究，以识别具有SIHP表型的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)菌株，并评估其与血流感染(bsi)患者PVL和溶血素的关系。方法:在研究期间共鉴定出93株金黄色葡萄球菌，并对其对13种抗生素的耐药性进行评价。用血琼脂平板培养这些分离株，并进行10代传代以鉴定其溶血表型。采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测PVL和溶血素基因。结果:SIHP占收集的分离株的34.4%。PVL阳性在SIHP中显著升高(34.4% vs. 16.4%)。此外，SIHP与MRSA密切相关(62.5% vs 39.3%的SCHP)。在SIHP分离株中，PVL阳性与MRSA相关(55% vs. MSSA为0%)，并且对Augmentin、头孢西丁和庆大霉素的耐药性增加。结论:金黄色葡萄球菌中SIHP患病率呈上升趋势。PVL基因在SIHP中的流行率较高，并且与MRSA的存在有关。
{"title":"Incomplete Hemolytic MRSA Strains Associated with Hemolysin and Panton-Valentine Leucocidin Virulence Genes as a Cause of Blood Stream Infections","authors":"N. Mostafa, M. Salah, Amira Elashrey","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.264208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.264208","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with the incomplete hemolytic phenotype (SIHP) is known for its dark hemolytic ring, which differs from the transparent S. aureus with complete hemolytic phenotype (SCHP). SIHP is recently linked to severe infections and antimicrobial resistance. Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) and hemolysin are documented virulence factors for S. aureus infection. Objectives : We conducted this study to recognize methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains with SIHP phenotype and evaluate its association with the PVL and hemolysin in patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs). Methodology: Ninety-Three S. aureus isolates were recognized during the study period, and they were evaluated for resistance to thirteen antibiotics. Blood agar plates were used to culture these isolates, and they underwent ten passages for identification of their hemolytic phenotype. PVL and hemolysin genes were tested via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: SIHP constituted 34.4% of the collected isolates. PVL positivity was significantly increased in SIHP (34.4% vs. 16.4% in SCHP). Also, SIHP was strongly associated with MRSA (62.5% vs. 39.3% of SCHP). In SIHP isolates, PVL positivity was associated with MRSA (55% vs. 0 % in MSSA) and increased resistance to Augmentin, cefoxitin, and gentamycin. Conclusion: The prevalence of SIHP is increasing among S. aureus. The prevalence of the PVL gene is higher in SIHP, and it is associated with the presence of MRSA.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87919123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.262691
Shymaa A. Elaskary, Eman E. Zaher
Background: Enterococci are the 3rd cause of HAIs. E. faecalis and E. faecium are the commonest enterococcal species, showed resistance to vancomycin due to resistance genes (vanA, vanB and vanC). Linezolid is considered a good substitute . The virulence factors like asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl may interfere with antibiotic susceptibility. Objectives: Determine linezolid resistance in VR E. faecalis and E. faecium in relation to virulence factors. Methodology: Enterococcus spp. identified by colony morphology, Gram stain, biochemical reactions and by the VITEK 2 system. Antibiotic susceptibility was done through VITEK 2 system, AST-GP72 card. Vancomycin and linezolid MIC were done according to CLSI. Multiplex PCR for ddl E. faecalis , ddl E. faecium . vanA and vanB detection. Other for asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl virulence genes determination then conventional PCR for cfr and optrA genes were done. Results: A total of 65 enterococci CIs. (45 E. faecalis & 20 E. faecium) were isolated from different samples. E. faecalis and E. faecium were resistant to vancomycin by 11,1% and 35% and to linezolid by 4.4% and 10% respectively. The vanA, vanB, cfr and optrA genes were present in 100% of VR E. faecalis like E. faecium except that, the cfr was not detected. The gelE was frequently detected in E. faecalis followed by asa1, esp, hyl and finally cylA. And for E. faecium, the most frequent one was asa1followed by gelE. esp, and finally cylA and hyl. Conclusions: LZD resistant enterococci were increasingly detected, with no significant relation between linezolid resistance and vancomycin resistance. And with different impact of virulence genes.
{"title":"Linezolid Susceptibility and Virulence Factors in Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium among Hospitalized Burn Patients","authors":"Shymaa A. Elaskary, Eman E. Zaher","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.262691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.262691","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Enterococci are the 3rd cause of HAIs. E. faecalis and E. faecium are the commonest enterococcal species, showed resistance to vancomycin due to resistance genes (vanA, vanB and vanC). Linezolid is considered a good substitute . The virulence factors like asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl may interfere with antibiotic susceptibility. Objectives: Determine linezolid resistance in VR E. faecalis and E. faecium in relation to virulence factors. Methodology: Enterococcus spp. identified by colony morphology, Gram stain, biochemical reactions and by the VITEK 2 system. Antibiotic susceptibility was done through VITEK 2 system, AST-GP72 card. Vancomycin and linezolid MIC were done according to CLSI. Multiplex PCR for ddl E. faecalis , ddl E. faecium . vanA and vanB detection. Other for asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, and hyl virulence genes determination then conventional PCR for cfr and optrA genes were done. Results: A total of 65 enterococci CIs. (45 E. faecalis & 20 E. faecium) were isolated from different samples. E. faecalis and E. faecium were resistant to vancomycin by 11,1% and 35% and to linezolid by 4.4% and 10% respectively. The vanA, vanB, cfr and optrA genes were present in 100% of VR E. faecalis like E. faecium except that, the cfr was not detected. The gelE was frequently detected in E. faecalis followed by asa1, esp, hyl and finally cylA. And for E. faecium, the most frequent one was asa1followed by gelE. esp, and finally cylA and hyl. Conclusions: LZD resistant enterococci were increasingly detected, with no significant relation between linezolid resistance and vancomycin resistance. And with different impact of virulence genes.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"209 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73175547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.265441
Fatma el zahraa Fathy, Maham Anwar
Background: Carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae , especially in Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. Pneumoniae) is considered a significant problem worldwide. Resistance to carbapenems in Enterobacteriaceae is mediated by different mechanisms. Production of class-A, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) is the most common mechanisms. Objective: This work aims to measure the frequency of carbapenem resistance among enterobacteriacae isolates and detection of blaKPC gene among them. Methodology: Seventy (70) Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from Ain Shams University Hospital during a period of 3 months from February to May 2022.The bacterial isolates were identified by conventional methods. All Enterobacteriaceae isolates were screened for carbapenem resistance by disc diffusion method using meropenem disks. Twenty-five (25) CRE strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the KirbyBauer method. Then E test strips containing range of antibiotic concentrations (0.002-32 ug/ml) for meropenem was done for confirmation of CRE isolates. Twenty-five (25) CRE isolates were subjected to conventional PCR blaKPC gene detection. Results: Out of 70 Enterobacteriaceae isolates 36 strains were identified as K. pneumoniae, 25 were identified as E.coli and 9 were Proteus spp by conventional bacteriological methods. Twenty-five CRE isolates were detected by meropenem disk diffusion method (18 K. pneumoniae and 7 E.coli).. BlaKPC was detected in 3 out of CRE 22 isolates, (13.6%) by conventional PCR. Conclusion: CRE is increasing rapidly worldwide with emergence of BlaKPC gene carbapenem resistance.
{"title":"Detection of blaKPC gene among Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriacae Isolates from Ain Shams University Hospital, Egypt","authors":"Fatma el zahraa Fathy, Maham Anwar","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.265441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.265441","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae , especially in Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. Pneumoniae) is considered a significant problem worldwide. Resistance to carbapenems in Enterobacteriaceae is mediated by different mechanisms. Production of class-A, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) is the most common mechanisms. Objective: This work aims to measure the frequency of carbapenem resistance among enterobacteriacae isolates and detection of blaKPC gene among them. Methodology: Seventy (70) Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from Ain Shams University Hospital during a period of 3 months from February to May 2022.The bacterial isolates were identified by conventional methods. All Enterobacteriaceae isolates were screened for carbapenem resistance by disc diffusion method using meropenem disks. Twenty-five (25) CRE strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the KirbyBauer method. Then E test strips containing range of antibiotic concentrations (0.002-32 ug/ml) for meropenem was done for confirmation of CRE isolates. Twenty-five (25) CRE isolates were subjected to conventional PCR blaKPC gene detection. Results: Out of 70 Enterobacteriaceae isolates 36 strains were identified as K. pneumoniae, 25 were identified as E.coli and 9 were Proteus spp by conventional bacteriological methods. Twenty-five CRE isolates were detected by meropenem disk diffusion method (18 K. pneumoniae and 7 E.coli).. BlaKPC was detected in 3 out of CRE 22 isolates, (13.6%) by conventional PCR. Conclusion: CRE is increasing rapidly worldwide with emergence of BlaKPC gene carbapenem resistance.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86833940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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