Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.262692
reham raafat hamed, R. Bassyouni, H. Fathi, A. Badr, M. Amer, R. Dwedar
Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune, multi-system, chronic inflammatory disease The effect of Cytomegalovirus(CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) in triggering SLE has been investigated for many years. Objectives: To study the association of viral load of CMV-EBV in the serum of SLE patients’ with SLE disease parameters. Methodology: 48SLE patients and 40controls were enrolled. Disease activity was assessed using SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). Quantitation of CMV and EBV-DNA in serum were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Patients were 91.8% females and 8.2%males. Mean age was 26.6±8.0 years, mean disease duration 4.5±3.1 years, and age at onset 22.1±7.8 years. 41.7% of SLE patients had CMV-DNA, 54.2% patients had EBV-DNA. Neither EBV-DNA nor CMV-DNA were found in the healthy controls. Copy numbers of CMV and EBV found in the serum of SLE patients were 26827±25879copies/μl, and 25309±22852copies/μl, respectively. Regarding SLEDAI; 83.3% showed high disease activity. Renal biopsy revealed that, 66.7% of the patients had lupus nephritis; 50% with CMV-DNA, and 56.25% with EBV-DNA. Regarding the association between CMV and EBV with different disease parameters in SLE patients; we found significant associations with: photosensitivity, Raynaud’s and thrombocytopenia (pvalue<0.05). EBV-DNA were significantly associated with: pyuria, oral ulcers, photosensitivity, vasculitis and involvement of nervous system (r=0.43, p=0.002), (r=0.36, p=0.01), (r=0.42, p=0.003), (r=-0.33, p=0.023), (r=0.32, p=0.029) respectively. Conclusions: A high incidence of CMV and EBV was detected in SLE patients with increased viral load. Disease activity of SLE patients is significantly higher in patients infected with CMV and EBV compared to non-infected.
{"title":"Cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr Virus Infection: Two Triggers flaring up Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients","authors":"reham raafat hamed, R. Bassyouni, H. Fathi, A. Badr, M. Amer, R. Dwedar","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.262692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.262692","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune, multi-system, chronic inflammatory disease The effect of Cytomegalovirus(CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) in triggering SLE has been investigated for many years. Objectives: To study the association of viral load of CMV-EBV in the serum of SLE patients’ with SLE disease parameters. Methodology: 48SLE patients and 40controls were enrolled. Disease activity was assessed using SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). Quantitation of CMV and EBV-DNA in serum were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Patients were 91.8% females and 8.2%males. Mean age was 26.6±8.0 years, mean disease duration 4.5±3.1 years, and age at onset 22.1±7.8 years. 41.7% of SLE patients had CMV-DNA, 54.2% patients had EBV-DNA. Neither EBV-DNA nor CMV-DNA were found in the healthy controls. Copy numbers of CMV and EBV found in the serum of SLE patients were 26827±25879copies/μl, and 25309±22852copies/μl, respectively. Regarding SLEDAI; 83.3% showed high disease activity. Renal biopsy revealed that, 66.7% of the patients had lupus nephritis; 50% with CMV-DNA, and 56.25% with EBV-DNA. Regarding the association between CMV and EBV with different disease parameters in SLE patients; we found significant associations with: photosensitivity, Raynaud’s and thrombocytopenia (pvalue<0.05). EBV-DNA were significantly associated with: pyuria, oral ulcers, photosensitivity, vasculitis and involvement of nervous system (r=0.43, p=0.002), (r=0.36, p=0.01), (r=0.42, p=0.003), (r=-0.33, p=0.023), (r=0.32, p=0.029) respectively. Conclusions: A high incidence of CMV and EBV was detected in SLE patients with increased viral load. Disease activity of SLE patients is significantly higher in patients infected with CMV and EBV compared to non-infected.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90452695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-24DOI: 10.21608/ejm.2022.115399.1204
Alghamdi Abdulaziz
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Chemical Composition, and Antimicrobial Activities of Abutilon pannosum (Forst.f.) Schlecht. Collected from Shada Mountain, Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Alghamdi Abdulaziz","doi":"10.21608/ejm.2022.115399.1204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejm.2022.115399.1204","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81336993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.21608/ejm.2022.116185.1206
M. Eid, A. El-helaly, M. El-Sheikh, H. El‐Daly, A. Gemeay
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activities of CuxFe3-xO4/PANI Nanocomposites","authors":"M. Eid, A. El-helaly, M. El-Sheikh, H. El‐Daly, A. Gemeay","doi":"10.21608/ejm.2022.116185.1206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejm.2022.116185.1206","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74936694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.256008
R. El-Kady, Sara Karoma, A. Al Atrouni
Antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are commonly implicated in health-care associated infections (HAIs). Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens, with prime emphasis on the prevalence and risk factors for infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Methodology: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the electronic medical and laboratory records of our tertiary health-care facility throughout the period from January 2019 to December 2020. Adult patients identified with infections by any of the Gram-negative ESKAPE bacteria were eligible for our study. The risk factors associated with acquisition of MDR organisms were analyzed using univariate and multivariate models. Results: During the period of interest, a total of 614 Gram-negative ESKAPE isolates were identified, of which 121 were found to be MDR (19.7%). A. baumannii was the leading MDR organism (43.1%), whereas MDR P. aeruginosa was the least common (10.7%). The independent risk factors associated with acquisition of MDR infections included long hospital stays (P < 0.0001), undergoing surgical procedures (P= 0.001), ischemic heart disease (P= 0.005), mechanical ventilation (P= 0.005), and presence of indwelling urinary catheter (P= 0.03). Conclusions: Infections with MDR Gram-negative ESKAPE organisms have an alarming magnitude in our institution. Continued vigilance by the involved health-care workers, stringent compliance to the infection control guidelines, and effective implementation of the antimicrobial stewardship programs are critical measures to decrease the burden of this health problem.
{"title":"Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens from a Tertiary-Care Hospital: Prevalence and Risk Factors","authors":"R. El-Kady, Sara Karoma, A. Al Atrouni","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.256008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.256008","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) are commonly implicated in health-care associated infections (HAIs). Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens, with prime emphasis on the prevalence and risk factors for infections by multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Methodology: In this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed the electronic medical and laboratory records of our tertiary health-care facility throughout the period from January 2019 to December 2020. Adult patients identified with infections by any of the Gram-negative ESKAPE bacteria were eligible for our study. The risk factors associated with acquisition of MDR organisms were analyzed using univariate and multivariate models. Results: During the period of interest, a total of 614 Gram-negative ESKAPE isolates were identified, of which 121 were found to be MDR (19.7%). A. baumannii was the leading MDR organism (43.1%), whereas MDR P. aeruginosa was the least common (10.7%). The independent risk factors associated with acquisition of MDR infections included long hospital stays (P < 0.0001), undergoing surgical procedures (P= 0.001), ischemic heart disease (P= 0.005), mechanical ventilation (P= 0.005), and presence of indwelling urinary catheter (P= 0.03). Conclusions: Infections with MDR Gram-negative ESKAPE organisms have an alarming magnitude in our institution. Continued vigilance by the involved health-care workers, stringent compliance to the infection control guidelines, and effective implementation of the antimicrobial stewardship programs are critical measures to decrease the burden of this health problem.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80837517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.247173
Alyaa Alsaadi, Eman M. Hegazy, T. Shoukr, R. Talaat
Background: Chronically infected wounds represent a major public health problem which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly with the global threat of antimicrobial resistance. Objectives: Isolation of pathogenic micro-organisms from chronic ulcerative lesions, identification and evaluation of their biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methodology: This study was carried out on 50 specimens, collected from chronic ulcerative lesions of patients admitted to the Inpatient and Outpatient Surgical Units, Tanta university hospitals. Pathogenic organisms were isolated and identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined, and biofilm formation assay was performed using a tissue culture plate method. Results: The most frequently isolated organisms were Pseudomonas spp. ( 26.42%), Klebsiella spp. ( 24.52%) then E. coli (16.98%). All E. coli isolates showed resistance to aztreonam and Ampicillin /sulbactam. Also, all Klebsiella isolates showed resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and Ceftazidime. While 92.86% of Pseudomonas isolates showed resistance to Ceftazidime. About 58.5 % of isolated pathogens were biofilm producers with Pseudomonas spp. were the most frequently biofilm producers. Conclusion: The isolated pathogens showed high rate of resistance to most of the tested antimicrobial agents, with high rate of biofilm formation among most of isolates.
{"title":"Microbiological Profile, Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Chronic Ulcerative Lesions","authors":"Alyaa Alsaadi, Eman M. Hegazy, T. Shoukr, R. Talaat","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.247173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.247173","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronically infected wounds represent a major public health problem which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly with the global threat of antimicrobial resistance. Objectives: Isolation of pathogenic micro-organisms from chronic ulcerative lesions, identification and evaluation of their biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methodology: This study was carried out on 50 specimens, collected from chronic ulcerative lesions of patients admitted to the Inpatient and Outpatient Surgical Units, Tanta university hospitals. Pathogenic organisms were isolated and identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined, and biofilm formation assay was performed using a tissue culture plate method. Results: The most frequently isolated organisms were Pseudomonas spp. ( 26.42%), Klebsiella spp. ( 24.52%) then E. coli (16.98%). All E. coli isolates showed resistance to aztreonam and Ampicillin /sulbactam. Also, all Klebsiella isolates showed resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and Ceftazidime. While 92.86% of Pseudomonas isolates showed resistance to Ceftazidime. About 58.5 % of isolated pathogens were biofilm producers with Pseudomonas spp. were the most frequently biofilm producers. Conclusion: The isolated pathogens showed high rate of resistance to most of the tested antimicrobial agents, with high rate of biofilm formation among most of isolates.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89871947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.251053
Enas Hassan khater, AbdAlazim A. AlFaki
Background : Despite that most H. pylori infections are asymptomatic, some can develop major diseases like peptic ulcer and adenocarcinoma of stomach. Objectives : This study aimed to study the prevalence of H. pylori using real time PCR. Furthermore, detection of the cagA, iceA1, iceA2, vacA virulence genes and their relationship to clinical and histopathological alterations. Methods : Two gastric specimens were taken from every patient endoscopically, one of them was sent to histopathological analysis and the second biobsy was minced into tiny parts for real time PCR assay. Results : The results revealed that the prevalence of H. pylori was 66.67%. Thirty one (50%) of the studied strains harbored cagA gene. IceA gene was positive in 41.94%. The vacA gene was detected in all 62 (100%) samples. Many vacA gene subtypes were detected, the highest found was s1as1bm 20.97%. A significant association was detected between the endoscopic features and vacA presence. The subtypes of vacA: s2, m2,s1a1b, s1as1bm2, were related to gastritis, while s1a, s1b, m1were related to duodenal and stomach ulcers. No significant association between cagA presence and endoscopical or histopathological findings, but more than 66% of duodenal ulcers had positive cagA gene. There was a significant association between the iceA1 and iceA2 genes presence with gastritis and gastric ulcer. Conclusion the study of H. pylori virulence factors allows the clinician to identify high-risk patients caused by H. pylori infections.
{"title":"Detection of vacA, cagA and iceA genes of H. pylori in dyspeptic patients and their association with clinical data and histopathological abnormalities","authors":"Enas Hassan khater, AbdAlazim A. AlFaki","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.251053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.251053","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Despite that most H. pylori infections are asymptomatic, some can develop major diseases like peptic ulcer and adenocarcinoma of stomach. Objectives : This study aimed to study the prevalence of H. pylori using real time PCR. Furthermore, detection of the cagA, iceA1, iceA2, vacA virulence genes and their relationship to clinical and histopathological alterations. Methods : Two gastric specimens were taken from every patient endoscopically, one of them was sent to histopathological analysis and the second biobsy was minced into tiny parts for real time PCR assay. Results : The results revealed that the prevalence of H. pylori was 66.67%. Thirty one (50%) of the studied strains harbored cagA gene. IceA gene was positive in 41.94%. The vacA gene was detected in all 62 (100%) samples. Many vacA gene subtypes were detected, the highest found was s1as1bm 20.97%. A significant association was detected between the endoscopic features and vacA presence. The subtypes of vacA: s2, m2,s1a1b, s1as1bm2, were related to gastritis, while s1a, s1b, m1were related to duodenal and stomach ulcers. No significant association between cagA presence and endoscopical or histopathological findings, but more than 66% of duodenal ulcers had positive cagA gene. There was a significant association between the iceA1 and iceA2 genes presence with gastritis and gastric ulcer. Conclusion the study of H. pylori virulence factors allows the clinician to identify high-risk patients caused by H. pylori infections.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87781915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.247204
M. El-Ansary
Background : Attacks of Urinary tract infections (UTIs) reached about 150 million patients every year worldwide. They are considered a major reason for morbidity in females in all age groups, older men and young boys. Objectives: To investigate the effect of Ciprofloxacin treatment during urinary tract infection (UTI) infection on the proinflammatory cytokines secretion including IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF in the adult patients. Methodology : This prospective, observational cohort study involved 50 patients diagnosed with UTI over a period of 3 months from January to March 2019. On the day of admission (before starting ciprofloxacin treatment), all the UTI patients were submitted to an estimation of urine levels of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, and TNF during the first 48 hours after hospital admission. Cytokine levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA). The patients were treated with ciprofloxacin 500mg for 3 days. After 5 days of ciprofloxacin treatment course, the patient underwent remeasurement of urine level of cytokines. Results : After the fifth day of ciprofloxacin treatment course, it has been observed that there were significant decreases regarding proinflammatory cytokine TNF, IL1, and IL6. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in IL10 levels in the study cohort. Besides, there was no significant difference between before and after ciprofloxacin treatment regarding IL12 levels (P-value = 0.06). Conclusion : Ciprofloxacin treatment significantly reduces the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine in patients with UTIs.
{"title":"Macrophage Secretory Function among Urinary Tract Infection Patients before and after Ciprofloxacin Treatment: A Prospective Study","authors":"M. El-Ansary","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.247204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.247204","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Attacks of Urinary tract infections (UTIs) reached about 150 million patients every year worldwide. They are considered a major reason for morbidity in females in all age groups, older men and young boys. Objectives: To investigate the effect of Ciprofloxacin treatment during urinary tract infection (UTI) infection on the proinflammatory cytokines secretion including IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and TNF in the adult patients. Methodology : This prospective, observational cohort study involved 50 patients diagnosed with UTI over a period of 3 months from January to March 2019. On the day of admission (before starting ciprofloxacin treatment), all the UTI patients were submitted to an estimation of urine levels of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, and TNF during the first 48 hours after hospital admission. Cytokine levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits (R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA). The patients were treated with ciprofloxacin 500mg for 3 days. After 5 days of ciprofloxacin treatment course, the patient underwent remeasurement of urine level of cytokines. Results : After the fifth day of ciprofloxacin treatment course, it has been observed that there were significant decreases regarding proinflammatory cytokine TNF, IL1, and IL6. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in IL10 levels in the study cohort. Besides, there was no significant difference between before and after ciprofloxacin treatment regarding IL12 levels (P-value = 0.06). Conclusion : Ciprofloxacin treatment significantly reduces the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine in patients with UTIs.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76510885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.247201
S. Taha, N. Kamel, L. Metwally
Background: Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be eradicated by topical mupirocin application. Mupirocin resistance, on the other hand, is becoming more widespread. Objective: The present work aims to compare conventional and molecular approaches to detect the prevalence of mupirocin resistance in MRSA isolates from clinical and nasal samples, as well as to investigate their susceptibility to other antibiotics. Methodology: Our study included 60 MRSA non-duplicate isolates, 14 from surgical wounds, 16 from urinary tract infections from patients hospitalized to Suez- Canal University Hospital in Ismailia, Egypt, and 30 nasal swabs from health care workers. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for MRSA isolates to mupirocin were determined using the E-test method, and PCR targeting the mupA gene was performed. Results: Six isolates out of 60 MRSA isolates (10%) showed high-level mupirocin resistance, while just one strain (1.6%) showed low-level mupirocin resistance. Four of the six MRSA isolates with high levels of mupirocin resistance carried the mupA gene. All seven mupirocin-resistant isolates (11.6%) were isolated from nasal swabs. MRSA strains resistant to mupirocin were more resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole than mupirocin-susceptible ones. Conclusion: The high prevalence of mupirocin resistance in MRSA strains at our hospital is alarming. As a result, frequent testing of MRSA for mupirocin resistance is recommended even in settings where mupirocin is not used prophylactically.
{"title":"Detection of Mupirocin Resistance in Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in an Egyptian Hospital","authors":"S. Taha, N. Kamel, L. Metwally","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.247201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.247201","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be eradicated by topical mupirocin application. Mupirocin resistance, on the other hand, is becoming more widespread. Objective: The present work aims to compare conventional and molecular approaches to detect the prevalence of mupirocin resistance in MRSA isolates from clinical and nasal samples, as well as to investigate their susceptibility to other antibiotics. Methodology: Our study included 60 MRSA non-duplicate isolates, 14 from surgical wounds, 16 from urinary tract infections from patients hospitalized to Suez- Canal University Hospital in Ismailia, Egypt, and 30 nasal swabs from health care workers. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for MRSA isolates to mupirocin were determined using the E-test method, and PCR targeting the mupA gene was performed. Results: Six isolates out of 60 MRSA isolates (10%) showed high-level mupirocin resistance, while just one strain (1.6%) showed low-level mupirocin resistance. Four of the six MRSA isolates with high levels of mupirocin resistance carried the mupA gene. All seven mupirocin-resistant isolates (11.6%) were isolated from nasal swabs. MRSA strains resistant to mupirocin were more resistant to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole than mupirocin-susceptible ones. Conclusion: The high prevalence of mupirocin resistance in MRSA strains at our hospital is alarming. As a result, frequent testing of MRSA for mupirocin resistance is recommended even in settings where mupirocin is not used prophylactically.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81903072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.247211
A. Matta, M. Mahmoud, Reham Ragab, Sally Essawy
Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major health issue and it is linked to high rates of morbidity and mortality. MRSA is a multidrug resistant organism therefore, several new antimicrobial agents against MRSA are urgently needed such as those based on nanoparticles (NPs). Objectives : Detection of the antimicrobial activity of ZnO and TiO2 NPS on MRSA if used alone then evaluating their effect when combined with different types of antibiotics. Methodology : This study was carried out on 150 pus samples collected from patients with infected wounds in different wards of Benha University hospitals. Identification of MRSA isolates was performed by chromogenic media and cefoxitin disc diffusion test. The antibacterial activity of ZnO and TiO2 NPs and the effect of their combination with antibiotics were tested by measuring their inhibition zones on MRSA isolates. The effect of NPs on MRSA isolates was traced by using electron microscope. Results: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) among samples in the present study was 61(40.6%) and the percentage of MRSA among S. aureus isolates was 60.7%. This study detected a significant antibacterial activity of ZnO and TiO2 on MRSA isolates. There was a significant increase in the mean diameters of the inhibition zones of tested antibiotics on MRSA isolates when they were conjugated with ZnO and TiO2 NPs. Conclusion: ZnO and TiO2 NPs have a significant antibacterial activity on MRSA isolates. Our results support marked synergy between NPs (ZnO and TiO2) and antibiotics when both combined against MRSA isolates. marked antibacterial activity of ZnO and TiO2 NPs against MRSA isolates. Our results support marked synergy between NPs (ZnO and TiO2) and tested antibiotics when both combined against MRSA isolates.
{"title":"Sole Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide nanoparticles antimicrobial activity versus their association with different antibiotics on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"A. Matta, M. Mahmoud, Reham Ragab, Sally Essawy","doi":"10.21608/ejmm.2022.247211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/ejmm.2022.247211","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major health issue and it is linked to high rates of morbidity and mortality. MRSA is a multidrug resistant organism therefore, several new antimicrobial agents against MRSA are urgently needed such as those based on nanoparticles (NPs). Objectives : Detection of the antimicrobial activity of ZnO and TiO2 NPS on MRSA if used alone then evaluating their effect when combined with different types of antibiotics. Methodology : This study was carried out on 150 pus samples collected from patients with infected wounds in different wards of Benha University hospitals. Identification of MRSA isolates was performed by chromogenic media and cefoxitin disc diffusion test. The antibacterial activity of ZnO and TiO2 NPs and the effect of their combination with antibiotics were tested by measuring their inhibition zones on MRSA isolates. The effect of NPs on MRSA isolates was traced by using electron microscope. Results: The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) among samples in the present study was 61(40.6%) and the percentage of MRSA among S. aureus isolates was 60.7%. This study detected a significant antibacterial activity of ZnO and TiO2 on MRSA isolates. There was a significant increase in the mean diameters of the inhibition zones of tested antibiotics on MRSA isolates when they were conjugated with ZnO and TiO2 NPs. Conclusion: ZnO and TiO2 NPs have a significant antibacterial activity on MRSA isolates. Our results support marked synergy between NPs (ZnO and TiO2) and antibiotics when both combined against MRSA isolates. marked antibacterial activity of ZnO and TiO2 NPs against MRSA isolates. Our results support marked synergy between NPs (ZnO and TiO2) and tested antibiotics when both combined against MRSA isolates.","PeriodicalId":22549,"journal":{"name":"The Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83058076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/ejmm.2022.249267
A. Elsawy, K. Al-Quthami, Hamdi M. Al-Said, R. Allam, Abdulmoin Al-Qarni, M. Shaikh, Yahya A. Alzahrani, H. Khan, Mawada Al-Kashkari
Background: Most coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients present with mild or moderate severity of the disease. However, disease comorbidities may require mechanical ventilation and intensive care (IC), which predispose COVID-19 patients to secondary opportunistic fungal infections. Objective: An observational retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the relationship between fungal coinfections and morbidity and mortality rates in patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This work was conducted on 1,220 patients with COVID-19 admitted to a Saudi Tertiary Care Hospital in Makkah city from June 1, 2020, to May 30, 2021, to evaluate the existence of fungal infections. COVID-19 cases were confirmed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed via SPSS version 22.0 (IBM, USA). Results: Of the 1,220 included samples, fungal coinfections were detected in 57 (4.7%) patients. Candida albicans was the major isolated strain in 39 (68.4%) patients, and the primary source of infection was sputum (40 patients: 70.2%). Most samples were isolated from the ICU (41 patients; 71.9%); bacteria coinfection was detected in 12 (21%) severely ill patients. Conclusion: Mindfulness of the plausibility of fungal coinfection is important to control infection and ultimately reduces the risk and the delay in diagnostic and treatment process. It will also guide the diagnostic tools in identifying high-risk patients and quickly determine the most appropriate interventions for reducing the possibility of infection besides morbidity and mortality rates.
背景:大多数冠状病毒病2019 (COVID-19)患者表现为轻度或中度疾病。然而，疾病合并症可能需要机械通气和重症监护(IC)，这使COVID-19患者易发生继发性机会性真菌感染。目的:通过观察性回顾性队列研究，探讨沙特阿拉伯麦加某三级医院重症COVID-19患者真菌合并感染与发病率和死亡率的关系。方法:本研究对2020年6月1日至2021年5月30日在沙特麦加市一家三级医院住院的1220例COVID-19患者进行了研究，以评估真菌感染的存在。采用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法确诊病例。统计学分析采用SPSS version 22.0 (IBM, USA)。结果:在纳入的1220份样本中，57例(4.7%)患者检出真菌共感染。39例(68.4%)患者以白色念珠菌为主要分离菌，40例(70.2%)患者以痰液为主要感染源。大多数样本来自ICU(41例;71.9%);12例(21%)重症患者检出细菌共感染。结论:注意真菌合并感染的可能性对控制感染具有重要意义，最终降低感染风险，减少诊断和治疗过程的延误。它还将指导诊断工具识别高风险患者，并迅速确定除发病率和死亡率外减少感染可能性的最适当干预措施。
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