4-H Youth Development prides itself on providing essential resources to reach underserved minority populations. 4-H provides programming and professional development for volunteers to include diverse handson training, and cultural competency workshops. This article provides best practices for the inclusion of African American volunteers in 4-H programming efforts that could help extension educators better understand the need to include minority volunteer roles and responsibilities. These strategies include strengthening diverse volunteer make-up, increasing participation and trust among African American youth, and engaging volunteers working in educational organizations that could provide real world experiences for youth.
{"title":"Integrating Underutilized Black Volunteers in 4-H Youth Development Programs","authors":"M. Smith, Shannon Wiley","doi":"10.34068/JOE.59.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34068/JOE.59.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"4-H Youth Development prides itself on providing essential resources to reach underserved minority populations. 4-H provides programming and professional development for volunteers to include diverse handson training, and cultural competency workshops. This article provides best practices for the inclusion of African American volunteers in 4-H programming efforts that could help extension educators better understand the need to include minority volunteer roles and responsibilities. These strategies include strengthening diverse volunteer make-up, increasing participation and trust among African American youth, and engaging volunteers working in educational organizations that could provide real world experiences for youth.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"51 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89594562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joshua Farella, Michael E. Hauser, A. Parrott, Joshua D Moore, Meghan Penrod, Jeremy Elliott‐Engel
A literature review was conducted using the key words relating to Native American Youth and 4-H to assess the current state of 4-H youth programming serving First Nation/ Indigenous populations to inform future Extension initiatives. A systematic and qualitative review determined what level of focus the conducted programming efforts placed on broadly accepted elements of cultural identity as noted in the Peoplehood Model. A very small number of articles (N=13) were found pertaining to 4-H and Indigenous Communities. Fewer demonstrated emphasis on the peoplehood elements of language, place, traditional ceremony or calendars, and history. This work investigates a continuing inequity in 4-H PYD–both in service and reporting–and suggests some next steps for creating a more inclusive 4-H program for Native American/First Nation/Indigenous youth.
{"title":"4-H Youth Development Programming in Indigenous Communities: A Critical Review of Cooperative Extension Literature","authors":"Joshua Farella, Michael E. Hauser, A. Parrott, Joshua D Moore, Meghan Penrod, Jeremy Elliott‐Engel","doi":"10.34068/JOE.59.03.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34068/JOE.59.03.07","url":null,"abstract":"A literature review was conducted using the key words relating to Native American Youth and 4-H to assess the current state of 4-H youth programming serving First Nation/ Indigenous populations to inform future Extension initiatives. A systematic and qualitative review determined what level of focus the conducted programming efforts placed on broadly accepted elements of cultural identity as noted in the Peoplehood Model. A very small number of articles (N=13) were found pertaining to 4-H and Indigenous Communities. Fewer demonstrated emphasis on the peoplehood elements of language, place, traditional ceremony or calendars, and history. This work investigates a continuing inequity in 4-H PYD–both in service and reporting–and suggests some next steps for creating a more inclusive 4-H program for Native American/First Nation/Indigenous youth.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"116 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87960472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Banna, Kaitlin Danible, Chloe E. Panizza, C. Boushey, D. Kerr, Fengqing M Zhu
The mobile food recordTM (mFRTM) is a novel app that allows for the tracking of individual food waste and addresses the limitations of current methods to accurately quantify food waste. Extension educators may use data from the mFRTM to create educational initiatives for food waste prevention and education that may be implemented in settings such as schools and universities. The mFR is an innovative application that simplifies the process of collecting food-based data and accurately quantifying food waste for use in Extension.
{"title":"A Novel to Method to Measure Food Waste: The Mobile Food Record","authors":"J. Banna, Kaitlin Danible, Chloe E. Panizza, C. Boushey, D. Kerr, Fengqing M Zhu","doi":"10.34068/JOE.59.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34068/JOE.59.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"The mobile food recordTM (mFRTM) is a novel app that allows for the tracking of individual food waste and addresses the limitations of current methods to accurately quantify food waste. Extension educators may use data from the mFRTM to create educational initiatives for food waste prevention and education that may be implemented in settings such as schools and universities. The mFR is an innovative application that simplifies the process of collecting food-based data and accurately quantifying food waste for use in Extension.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"49 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91228923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resiliency to weather extremes is already a part of farming in the Northern Plains, but now climate change is adding new uncertainties. Engaging farmers on this often controversial topic can be challenging given the wide range of beliefs farmers hold about climate change. Scenario planning provides a framework for Extension and agricultural system stakeholders to come together using the latest climate science to discover robust adaptive management options, prioritize Extension programming needs, and provide an open forum for starting the discussion.
{"title":"Scenario Planning for Resilient Agricultural Systems: A Process for Engaging Controversy","authors":"C. Powers, T. Williams, R. Stowell","doi":"10.34068/JOE.59.03.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34068/JOE.59.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"Resiliency to weather extremes is already a part of farming in the Northern Plains, but now climate change is adding new uncertainties. Engaging farmers on this often controversial topic can be challenging given the wide range of beliefs farmers hold about climate change. Scenario planning provides a framework for Extension and agricultural system stakeholders to come together using the latest climate science to discover robust adaptive management options, prioritize Extension programming needs, and provide an open forum for starting the discussion.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"46 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88581459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effective newsletters have theory-based content and designs tailored to their readers and offer limitedcost community-level approaches to providing helpful, relevant, and engaging information. In accordance with this, we offer an example of a newsletter intervention that supported grandfamilies’ physical wellness needs. Six issues of a brief mail-delivered newsletter were sent yearly for up to 5 years to low-income custodial grandparents. In evaluating the newsletter, most respondents reported reading it, discussing its information, and having greater awareness, knowledge, and motivation or confidence regarding wellness recommendations. Furthermore, 91% described improving 1 or more of their grandfamilies’ cooking, eating, or physical activity practices.
{"title":"Designing Educational Newsletter Interventions: An Example That Supported Grandfamilies’ Physical Wellness Needs","authors":"P. Brenes, M. Higgins","doi":"10.34068/JOE.59.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34068/JOE.59.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"Effective newsletters have theory-based content and designs tailored to their readers and offer limitedcost community-level approaches to providing helpful, relevant, and engaging information. In accordance with this, we offer an example of a newsletter intervention that supported grandfamilies’ physical wellness needs. Six issues of a brief mail-delivered newsletter were sent yearly for up to 5 years to low-income custodial grandparents. In evaluating the newsletter, most respondents reported reading it, discussing its information, and having greater awareness, knowledge, and motivation or confidence regarding wellness recommendations. Furthermore, 91% described improving 1 or more of their grandfamilies’ cooking, eating, or physical activity practices.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"226 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78802133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A growing number of farmers are excluding animal inputs from crop production, an approach commonly referred to as veganic or stockfree organic agriculture. This research-based article discusses the soil health and fertility strategies reported by a sample of U.S. veganic farmers. These approaches may be relevant beyond the veganic community to farmers seeking innovative methods for produce safety and nutrient cycling. Agricultural outreach professionals (AOPs), including Extension personnel, play a critical role in supporting veganic practices by serving as cross-pollinators between farmers and research institutions. Thus, the article endeavors to expand AOP familiarity with veganic practices and benefits.
{"title":"Veganic Agriculture in the United States: Opportunities for Research, Outreach, and Education","authors":"Alisha Utter, Mona Seymour","doi":"10.34068/JOE.59.03.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34068/JOE.59.03.08","url":null,"abstract":"A growing number of farmers are excluding animal inputs from crop production, an approach commonly referred to as veganic or stockfree organic agriculture. This research-based article discusses the soil health and fertility strategies reported by a sample of U.S. veganic farmers. These approaches may be relevant beyond the veganic community to farmers seeking innovative methods for produce safety and nutrient cycling. Agricultural outreach professionals (AOPs), including Extension personnel, play a critical role in supporting veganic practices by serving as cross-pollinators between farmers and research institutions. Thus, the article endeavors to expand AOP familiarity with veganic practices and benefits.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"40 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73418526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article describes the curriculum and program development process that was used to create the North Carolina Extension Master Food Volunteer program. We used a rigorous program development process, including conducting a needs assessment, piloting and evaluating the program, incorporating revisions based on feedback, and receiving external reviews that were incorporated into the final product. We provide lessons learned and best practices for others to follow. These include the importance of piloting the program, involving agents and key partners throughout the entire process, and providing flexibility and adaptability in program delivery. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Volunteers play an important role in delivering Extension programs in their local communities. In particular, Extension professionals across the country have developed structured master volunteer programs to engage, train, and prepare community members to support and expand family and consumer sciences (FCS) programming. Examples of such programs can be found in Table 1. Existing research on these programs is focused on analyzing behavioral outcomes of volunteers related to healthy living (Washburn et al., 2017). There is limited research that explores the process of developing a structured volunteer program within the Extension context, including the steps taken and lessons learned to inform future volunteer program development. While one study describes the curriculum development process within the context of the Virginia Tech Master Food Volunteer Program (Jiles et al., 2019), it focuses on one continuing education module rather than the entire program. We address this gap by describing the development process and lessons learned from the North Carolina Extension Master Food Volunteer (NC EMFV) program pilot. NC EMFV PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PROCESS Specialists at North Carolina State University (NC State) first learned of the master food volunteer program model in 2014 from the program manager for the Virginia Tech Master Food Volunteer Program. Table 2 summarizes the subsequent program development process we followed to adapt this program for North Carolina. We originally selected and trained eight agents in the NC EMFV program pilot. One agent dropped out due to challenges in recruiting volunteers, and two agents were unable to complete volunteer training before the end of the pilot’s first year due to personal reasons. As a result, some evaluation activities included seven agents (for example, individual interviews after the agents finished training), while other activities included only those who were able to pilot the program for an entire year (for example, focus groups with volunteers). Interviews with agents provided valuable feedback that we then incorporated into the curriculum. The curriculum originally included PowerPoint presentations with scripts, activities, and handouts for each section, plus video content for certain sections. Agent feedback indicated that the cur
这篇文章描述了课程和项目开发过程，用于创建北卡罗来纳推广硕士食品志愿者项目。我们使用了一个严格的程序开发过程，包括进行需求评估，试验和评估程序，结合基于反馈的修订，以及接受合并到最终产品中的外部审查。我们提供经验教训和最佳实践供其他人效仿。其中包括试点项目的重要性，在整个过程中涉及代理和关键合作伙伴，以及在项目交付中提供灵活性和适应性。志愿者在当地社区推行推广计划方面发挥着重要作用。特别是，全国各地的推广专业人员制定了结构化的硕士志愿者计划，以吸引、培训和准备社区成员支持和扩大家庭和消费者科学(FCS)计划。表1中可以找到此类程序的示例。对这些项目的现有研究主要集中在分析志愿者与健康生活相关的行为结果(Washburn et al.， 2017)。在扩展项目的背景下，对开发一个结构化的志愿者项目的过程进行了有限的研究，包括采取的步骤和吸取的教训，为未来的志愿者项目开发提供信息。虽然一项研究描述了弗吉尼亚理工大学硕士食品志愿者计划(Jiles等人，2019)背景下的课程开发过程，但它侧重于一个继续教育模块，而不是整个计划。我们通过描述发展过程和从北卡罗来纳州推广主食品志愿者(NC EMFV)项目试点中吸取的经验教训来解决这一差距。2014年，北卡罗莱纳州立大学(NC State)的专家首次从弗吉尼亚理工大学(Virginia Tech)的硕士食品志愿者项目经理那里了解到硕士食品志愿者项目模式。表2总结了随后的程序开发过程，我们遵循以适应北卡罗来纳的程序。我们最初在NC EMFV项目试点中选择并训练了8名特工。一名特工因招募志愿者遇到困难而退出，两名特工因个人原因无法在飞行员第一年结束前完成志愿者培训。因此，一些评估活动包括7个代理(例如，代理完成培训后的个人访谈)，而其他活动只包括那些能够在一整年内试点该计划的人(例如，与志愿者的焦点小组)。与代理商的面谈提供了宝贵的反馈，然后我们将其纳入课程。课程最初包括每个部分的ppt演示文稿、活动和讲义，以及某些部分的视频内容。代理商的反馈表明，课程需要包括更多实践学习的机会。我们根据代理商的反馈进行了许多更改，代理商帮助开发原创内容，以解决通过评估确定的内容和交付方法方面的差距。代理人作为共同作者被纳入以反映这些贡献。表4提供了这些变化的摘要。
{"title":"Lessons Learned from the Development of the North Carolina Extension Master Food Volunteer Program","authors":"J. Bloom, Julia Yao, H. Edwards","doi":"10.34068/JOE.59.03.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34068/JOE.59.03.02","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the curriculum and program development process that was used to create the North Carolina Extension Master Food Volunteer program. We used a rigorous program development process, including conducting a needs assessment, piloting and evaluating the program, incorporating revisions based on feedback, and receiving external reviews that were incorporated into the final product. We provide lessons learned and best practices for others to follow. These include the importance of piloting the program, involving agents and key partners throughout the entire process, and providing flexibility and adaptability in program delivery. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Volunteers play an important role in delivering Extension programs in their local communities. In particular, Extension professionals across the country have developed structured master volunteer programs to engage, train, and prepare community members to support and expand family and consumer sciences (FCS) programming. Examples of such programs can be found in Table 1. Existing research on these programs is focused on analyzing behavioral outcomes of volunteers related to healthy living (Washburn et al., 2017). There is limited research that explores the process of developing a structured volunteer program within the Extension context, including the steps taken and lessons learned to inform future volunteer program development. While one study describes the curriculum development process within the context of the Virginia Tech Master Food Volunteer Program (Jiles et al., 2019), it focuses on one continuing education module rather than the entire program. We address this gap by describing the development process and lessons learned from the North Carolina Extension Master Food Volunteer (NC EMFV) program pilot. NC EMFV PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PROCESS Specialists at North Carolina State University (NC State) first learned of the master food volunteer program model in 2014 from the program manager for the Virginia Tech Master Food Volunteer Program. Table 2 summarizes the subsequent program development process we followed to adapt this program for North Carolina. We originally selected and trained eight agents in the NC EMFV program pilot. One agent dropped out due to challenges in recruiting volunteers, and two agents were unable to complete volunteer training before the end of the pilot’s first year due to personal reasons. As a result, some evaluation activities included seven agents (for example, individual interviews after the agents finished training), while other activities included only those who were able to pilot the program for an entire year (for example, focus groups with volunteers). Interviews with agents provided valuable feedback that we then incorporated into the curriculum. The curriculum originally included PowerPoint presentations with scripts, activities, and handouts for each section, plus video content for certain sections. Agent feedback indicated that the cur","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"81 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74933140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.33687/IJAE.009.02.3539
Hafiz Amjad Ali Rana, M. Iftikhar, M. A. Wattoo, M. Bilal
A considerable number of livestock farmers are still practising natural matting for their animals instead of the Artificial Insemination (AI) technique. This study aimed to determine the various insemination procedures being used by farmers and the reasons for their rejection or acceptance in rural areas of Punjab. A cross-sectional dataset of 400 randomly selected livestock herders from two purposefully selected districts, Rahim Yar Khan and Muzaffargarh, was used. We used Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to apply crosstab and t-test to the collected data. Findings infer that the AI technique was preferred by 60.5% of farmers particularly for cows whereas 75% of farmers preferred the natural matting process for buffalo (75.0%). The quality of AI service provided by public and private technicians was rated at an average level. For the natural matting process of their animals’ farmers were heavily (73.8 %) dependent on fellow farmers for sourcing a bull. Farmers viewed both private and public sector technicians equally skilled in performing AI. However, the high cost of semen (x=4.07±1.17) and unskilled technicians (x=4.05±1.17) were the key obstacles in wake of the effectiveness of AI. Poor record of the bull (x=4.12±1.14) and non-availability of bull (x=3.93±1.23) were the prominent plights associated with natural matting. Statistically, a significant difference was found concerning the cost of insemination (t=16.058), breed type (t =20.403) and milk or meat production potential (t=24.480) while inseminating the cow or buffalo. This study concludes that it should be obligatory for the farmers to maintain a record of natural matting through the bull. For AI, semen quality should be ensured with the synergistic association among institutions. The concerned institutions must develop a strategy to eradicate unregistered and non-qualified quack technicians
{"title":"Farmers’ perceptions regarding artificial insemination services in Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Hafiz Amjad Ali Rana, M. Iftikhar, M. A. Wattoo, M. Bilal","doi":"10.33687/IJAE.009.02.3539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/IJAE.009.02.3539","url":null,"abstract":"A considerable number of livestock farmers are still practising natural matting for their animals instead of the Artificial Insemination (AI) technique. This study aimed to determine the various insemination procedures being used by farmers and the reasons for their rejection or acceptance in rural areas of Punjab. A cross-sectional dataset of 400 randomly selected livestock herders from two purposefully selected districts, Rahim Yar Khan and Muzaffargarh, was used. We used Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to apply crosstab and t-test to the collected data. Findings infer that the AI technique was preferred by 60.5% of farmers particularly for cows whereas 75% of farmers preferred the natural matting process for buffalo (75.0%). The quality of AI service provided by public and private technicians was rated at an average level. For the natural matting process of their animals’ farmers were heavily (73.8 %) dependent on fellow farmers for sourcing a bull. Farmers viewed both private and public sector technicians equally skilled in performing AI. However, the high cost of semen (x=4.07±1.17) and unskilled technicians (x=4.05±1.17) were the key obstacles in wake of the effectiveness of AI. Poor record of the bull (x=4.12±1.14) and non-availability of bull (x=3.93±1.23) were the prominent plights associated with natural matting. Statistically, a significant difference was found concerning the cost of insemination (t=16.058), breed type (t =20.403) and milk or meat production potential (t=24.480) while inseminating the cow or buffalo. This study concludes that it should be obligatory for the farmers to maintain a record of natural matting through the bull. For AI, semen quality should be ensured with the synergistic association among institutions. The concerned institutions must develop a strategy to eradicate unregistered and non-qualified quack technicians","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"26 1","pages":"163-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85932959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.33687/IJAE.009.02.3557
Shabbir Ahmad, S. Akhtar, Shahbaz Bhatti, Shakeel Imran, M. S. Akhtar, Ghulam Mustafa, A. R. Aslam, Chaoqun Liu, Sidra Noreen, M. Khan
Climate change is one of the venerable factors of the environment. The climate of Punjab is changing over time due to global warming, increasing temperature, melting of glaciers, and changes in the rainfall pattern. Cotton crop is very sensitive and risky to climate change and intensive inputs and huge investment is required for the production of cotton. The research aims to investigate the impact of climate change on the productivity of cotton. The Secondary data was collected from meteorological departments. The general production function that will be used for the analysis where Y is cotton production per hectare, Cl is the vector of climatic indicators including temperature, humidity, and precipitation while NCI is the vector of non-climatic indicators such as fertilizer area under cotton and technological change. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration was applied for the estimation of long-run relationships and a short-run relationship error correction model was used. For the stability of model CUSUM and CUSUM Q test was applied. ARIMA model was used for forecasting whereas regression analysis was used for impact analysis. Evolving and disseminating cotton varieties having adaptation to climate change should be the focus of future research and development. Improving the practices of farm management, developing awareness among the farmers about climate change, and strengthening the extension department are some measures to be taken for the adaptation to climate change in the cotton zone.
{"title":"Assessment of the impact of climate change on the productivity of cotton: empirical evidence from cotton zone, southern Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Shabbir Ahmad, S. Akhtar, Shahbaz Bhatti, Shakeel Imran, M. S. Akhtar, Ghulam Mustafa, A. R. Aslam, Chaoqun Liu, Sidra Noreen, M. Khan","doi":"10.33687/IJAE.009.02.3557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/IJAE.009.02.3557","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of the venerable factors of the environment. The climate of Punjab is changing over time due to global warming, increasing temperature, melting of glaciers, and changes in the rainfall pattern. Cotton crop is very sensitive and risky to climate change and intensive inputs and huge investment is required for the production of cotton. The research aims to investigate the impact of climate change on the productivity of cotton. The Secondary data was collected from meteorological departments. The general production function that will be used for the analysis where Y is cotton production per hectare, Cl is the vector of climatic indicators including temperature, humidity, and precipitation while NCI is the vector of non-climatic indicators such as fertilizer area under cotton and technological change. An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to co-integration was applied for the estimation of long-run relationships and a short-run relationship error correction model was used. For the stability of model CUSUM and CUSUM Q test was applied. ARIMA model was used for forecasting whereas regression analysis was used for impact analysis. Evolving and disseminating cotton varieties having adaptation to climate change should be the focus of future research and development. Improving the practices of farm management, developing awareness among the farmers about climate change, and strengthening the extension department are some measures to be taken for the adaptation to climate change in the cotton zone.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"55 1","pages":"143-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82102252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeremy Elliott‐Engel, D. Westfall-Rudd, Megan M. Seibel, Eric K. Kaufman, R. Radhakrishna
Extension administrators discussed the competencies and characteristics of Extension professionals as they explored how Extension will need adapt to changing clientele, both in who they are and how they want to receive information. Extension education curriculum is not fully preparing future Extension employees in all required competencies, falling short on use of technology, diversity and pluralism, volunteer development, marketing, and public relations, risk management, and the community development process. Additionally, the Extension educator workforce development pipeline is not preparing a demographically representative population, leaving state administrators struggling to hire prepared professionals, especially those with in-culture competency (e.g., racial and ethnic minority and urban).
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