Daniel Chinomso Nmeregini, G. Onuekwusi, F. C. Nzeakor
The study analysed constraints to women involvement in fish farming and processing in Anambra State Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 90 women fish farmers. Data were analysed using percentage and mean as well as ordinary least square regression. The study revealed that the women mostly used concrete pond (65.6%), the majority (70.0%) have between 1 and 3 ponds. Catfish was mainly cultured by the women (86.7%). The foremost constraints faced by the women in fish farming were inadequate capital ( = 3.31), inadequate land for expansion ( = 3.27), and high cost of fish pond establishment ( = 3.23). The coefficient of inadequate capital (-1.503) was significant at 1%, while the coefficients of inadequate land for expansion (-1.286), pre-occupation with other household chores (1.245), dominance by spouses (1.601) and high cost of fish pond establishment (- 1.768) were significant at 5% significant level. Providing low interest loans to active and registered women fish farmers, revisiting and amending the 1999 land reform, encouraging women to form formidable cooperative societies, among others were recommended by the study. Key words: Concrete pond, women, fish farming
{"title":"Constraints to Women Involvement in Fish Production in Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Daniel Chinomso Nmeregini, G. Onuekwusi, F. C. Nzeakor","doi":"10.4314/JAE.V25I1.6S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAE.V25I1.6S","url":null,"abstract":"The study analysed constraints to women involvement in fish farming and processing in Anambra State Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 90 women fish farmers. Data were analysed using percentage and mean as well as ordinary least square regression. The study revealed that the women mostly used concrete pond (65.6%), the majority (70.0%) have between 1 and 3 ponds. Catfish was mainly cultured by the women (86.7%). The foremost constraints faced by the women in fish farming were inadequate capital ( = 3.31), inadequate land for expansion ( = 3.27), and high cost of fish pond establishment ( = 3.23). The coefficient of inadequate capital (-1.503) was significant at 1%, while the coefficients of inadequate land for expansion (-1.286), pre-occupation with other household chores (1.245), dominance by spouses (1.601) and high cost of fish pond establishment (- 1.768) were significant at 5% significant level. Providing low interest loans to active and registered women fish farmers, revisiting and amending the 1999 land reform, encouraging women to form formidable cooperative societies, among others were recommended by the study. \u0000Key words: Concrete pond, women, fish farming","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"137 1","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73523086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mwaura, S. Mukoya-Wangia, Japheth O. Origa, O. Mbatia, E. Chimoita
The study examined the sustainable potential of urban and peri-urban agricultural practices in Nairobi. The study employed purposive, stratified and random sampling methods to select 149 respondents. Frequencies, means and standard deviations were used to analyse data. Findings indicate that the most popular urban and peri-urban practices were composting (221), open field farming (212), vegetable nurseries (155) and various forms of irrigation (140). Animal based practices were not found to be very popular. Majority of the practices were concentrated in the peri-urban areas. Popular practices were not found to be the most profitable. The most profitable practices were cattle rearing raising approximately Ksh.650,000, mushroom farming (Ksh.500,000), chicken rearing (Ksh.500,000), and hydroponics production (Ksh.450,000). These unpopular practices required expensive inputs, specialised technological and management skills and a controlled agricultural Creative Commons User License: CC BY-NC-ND Journal of Agricultural Extension Abstracted by: EBSCOhost, Electronic Journals Service (EJS), Vol. 25 (1) January, 2021 Google Scholar, Journal Seek, Scientific Commons, ISSN(e): 24086851; ISSN(Print); 1119944X Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), CABI and Scopus http://journal.aesonnigeria.org http://www.ajol.info/index.php/jae http://eoi.citefactor.org/10.11226/v25i1 Email: editorinchief@aesonnigeria.org 32 environment for production and efficient use of resources. These requirements qualified them to contribute towards the economic, social and environmental aspects of sustainability. There is need for a transformation from the current popular, less profitable and environmentally unfriendly practices categorized as uncontrolled environment agriculture practices to the controlled environment agriculture practices. This can be achieved through the provision of subsidised inputs and specialised technological and management skills to the farmers by the county government and other relevant stakeholders. This change with policy support will contribute to using sustainable agricultural practices that ensure food security and contribute to a sustainable food system in the city.
{"title":"Potential for Sustainable Urban and Peri-Urban Agricultural Practices in Nairobi County","authors":"M. Mwaura, S. Mukoya-Wangia, Japheth O. Origa, O. Mbatia, E. Chimoita","doi":"10.4314/JAE.V25I1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAE.V25I1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the sustainable potential of urban and peri-urban agricultural practices in Nairobi. The study employed purposive, stratified and random sampling methods to select 149 respondents. Frequencies, means and standard deviations were used to analyse data. Findings indicate that the most popular urban and peri-urban practices were composting (221), open field farming (212), vegetable nurseries (155) and various forms of irrigation (140). Animal based practices were not found to be very popular. Majority of the practices were concentrated in the peri-urban areas. Popular practices were not found to be the most profitable. The most profitable practices were cattle rearing raising approximately Ksh.650,000, mushroom farming (Ksh.500,000), chicken rearing (Ksh.500,000), and hydroponics production (Ksh.450,000). These unpopular practices required expensive inputs, specialised technological and management skills and a controlled agricultural Creative Commons User License: CC BY-NC-ND Journal of Agricultural Extension Abstracted by: EBSCOhost, Electronic Journals Service (EJS), Vol. 25 (1) January, 2021 Google Scholar, Journal Seek, Scientific Commons, ISSN(e): 24086851; ISSN(Print); 1119944X Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), CABI and Scopus http://journal.aesonnigeria.org http://www.ajol.info/index.php/jae http://eoi.citefactor.org/10.11226/v25i1 Email: editorinchief@aesonnigeria.org 32 environment for production and efficient use of resources. These requirements qualified them to contribute towards the economic, social and environmental aspects of sustainability. There is need for a transformation from the current popular, less profitable and environmentally unfriendly practices categorized as uncontrolled environment agriculture practices to the controlled environment agriculture practices. This can be achieved through the provision of subsidised inputs and specialised technological and management skills to the farmers by the county government and other relevant stakeholders. This change with policy support will contribute to using sustainable agricultural practices that ensure food security and contribute to a sustainable food system in the city.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"8 1","pages":"31-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78311621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study assessed farmers’ perception for effective extension teaching methods in Niger State. The specific objectives were to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers in the study area, identify the extension teaching methods used by extension agents in and examine the farmers’ perception of effectiveness of the extension teaching methods. Multi-stage sampling technique was used for this study. A total of 114 respondents were randomly selected from Badeggi, and Katcha in Katcha LGA, Dangana and Bida in Bida LGA. Data was collected with the aid of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages and Mean scores was used to analyze objectives. The majority of the farmers (39.5%) were between ages of 20-29. The mean age was 31 years. The findings also showed that the majority (60.5%) of the respondents were male. The majority (50%) of the farmers were married, most (42.1%) had farming experience of 1-10 with a mean of 12 years. Results also showed that the majority (50%) of household size were between 1-5 in the study area. The mean was 9. Group discussion ( =4.33) was perceived by the respondents to be highly effective method in transmission of information to the farmers and ranked 1st while Use of radio ( =3.83) was agreed by the respondent to also be effective method and ranked 2nd. The results showed that the extension teaching methods that were preferred by the farmers were group discussion, demonstration and radio ranked 1st. 2nd and 3rd with mean scores 4.33, 3.67 and 3.50 respectively. It was concluded that the extension methods utilized by the extension agents proved to be effective. It is recommended that more extension agents should be employed to reduce the farmer to extension agent ratio, it is also recommended that government should budget more money to extension institutions that provide services to small farmers and rural communities in Nigeria, extension personnel should also make their contacts regular with farmers for rapid adoption and diffusion of improved agricultural technologies and extension workers activities should be supervised periodically on regular basis by a monitoring and evaluation supervisors. Keywords: Assessment, Farmer’s perception, Effectiveness, Teaching methods
{"title":"Farmers Perception for Effective Extension Teaching Methods in Katcha and Bida LGAs of Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"M. M. Abdulshakur, A. Yusuf, J. Nnaji, A. Haruna","doi":"10.4314/JAE.V25I1.7S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAE.V25I1.7S","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed farmers’ perception for effective extension teaching methods in Niger State. The specific objectives were to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers in the study area, identify the extension teaching methods used by extension agents in and examine the farmers’ perception of effectiveness of the extension teaching methods. Multi-stage sampling technique was used for this study. A total of 114 respondents were randomly selected from Badeggi, and Katcha in Katcha LGA, Dangana and Bida in Bida LGA. Data was collected with the aid of structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages and Mean scores was used to analyze objectives. The majority of the farmers (39.5%) were between ages of 20-29. The mean age was 31 years. The findings also showed that the majority (60.5%) of the respondents were male. The majority (50%) of the farmers were married, most (42.1%) had farming experience of 1-10 with a mean of 12 years. Results also showed that the majority (50%) of household size were between 1-5 in the study area. The mean was 9. Group discussion ( =4.33) was perceived by the respondents to be highly effective method in transmission of information to the farmers and ranked 1st while Use of radio ( =3.83) was agreed by the respondent to also be effective method and ranked 2nd. The results showed that the extension teaching methods that were preferred by the farmers were group discussion, demonstration and radio ranked 1st. 2nd and 3rd with mean scores 4.33, 3.67 and 3.50 respectively. It was concluded that the extension methods utilized by the extension agents proved to be effective. It is recommended that more extension agents should be employed to reduce the farmer to extension agent ratio, it is also recommended that government should budget more money to extension institutions that provide services to small farmers and rural communities in Nigeria, extension personnel should also make their contacts regular with farmers for rapid adoption and diffusion of improved agricultural technologies and extension workers activities should be supervised periodically on regular basis by a monitoring and evaluation supervisors. \u0000Keywords: Assessment, Farmer’s perception, Effectiveness, Teaching methods","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"43 1","pages":"85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82733748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shabbir Ahmed, Wu. Huifang, S. Akhtar, Shakeel Imran, Gulfam Hassan, Chunyu Wang
Pakistan is urbanizing at a tremendous tempo in South Asia and is the world’s 6 th most populous country. The key objectives of this review paper were to evaluate the general situation of urban sprawl in Pakistan, investigate the methodological tactics used in the previously published literature, and identify the major geographical areas yet not been surveyed. This literature review was conducted to collect and synthesize pertinent data from the previously published research papers accessed through the utilization of different databases and search engines. The most recently published research papers (2010-2019) were incorporated in this review article. Those research papers were retrieved which contain data related to urban sprawl in Pakistan. Roundabout 26 research articles were comprehensively reviewed. It was scrutinized that in all these accessed research articles, almost similar methodologies (Case Studies) were utilized. Most of the researchers carried out cross-sectional qualitative and descriptive studies, through secondary data analysis to identify the causes, impact, influence, and consequences of urbanization on agricultural land conversion, migration, changing land ownership patterns, settlement issues, water scarcity, pollution, extinction of botanical species, etc. Migration, development of peri-urban areas around the outer rim of the cities, installation of industrial units, improved infrastructure, and population growth have been concluded as the prime reasons of the rapid urban sprawl in Pakistan. There is a dire need for quantitative and mixed method research to understand and have an insight into the underlying factors of Urbanization in Pakistan.
{"title":"An analysis of urban sprawl in Pakistan: consequences, challenges, and the way forward","authors":"Shabbir Ahmed, Wu. Huifang, S. Akhtar, Shakeel Imran, Gulfam Hassan, Chunyu Wang","doi":"10.33687/008.03.3438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/008.03.3438","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is urbanizing at a tremendous tempo in South Asia and is the world’s 6 th most populous country. The key objectives of this review paper were to evaluate the general situation of urban sprawl in Pakistan, investigate the methodological tactics used in the previously published literature, and identify the major geographical areas yet not been surveyed. This literature review was conducted to collect and synthesize pertinent data from the previously published research papers accessed through the utilization of different databases and search engines. The most recently published research papers (2010-2019) were incorporated in this review article. Those research papers were retrieved which contain data related to urban sprawl in Pakistan. Roundabout 26 research articles were comprehensively reviewed. It was scrutinized that in all these accessed research articles, almost similar methodologies (Case Studies) were utilized. Most of the researchers carried out cross-sectional qualitative and descriptive studies, through secondary data analysis to identify the causes, impact, influence, and consequences of urbanization on agricultural land conversion, migration, changing land ownership patterns, settlement issues, water scarcity, pollution, extinction of botanical species, etc. Migration, development of peri-urban areas around the outer rim of the cities, installation of industrial units, improved infrastructure, and population growth have been concluded as the prime reasons of the rapid urban sprawl in Pakistan. There is a dire need for quantitative and mixed method research to understand and have an insight into the underlying factors of Urbanization in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"3 1","pages":"257-278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89481231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Khan, Himayatullah Khan, M. A. Shah, Nimra Khan, A. U. Hassan, N. Khan
This research study was carried out to identify the role of community-based organizations in irrigation channels to enhance crop yield in rural areas of district Mansehra Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Data were collected from 200 respondents selected randomly and analyzed through SPSS. Findings concluded that more than half (53%) of the sampled respondents perceived that CBOs played an important role in development of irrigation channels and in result the crop yield was increased in the study area. Regarding performance of CBOs, OFWM contributed more in the improvement of water courses. CBOs work was appreciated by the respondents as it positively affected the farming activities in the study area and made the irrigation system more convenient. The CBOs had some of the shortcoming such as absence of regular activities, meeting and rewards for members. There was personal biasness in the selection criteria of the membership. It was recommended that there should be regular organizational activities, duties and some kind of rewards for the member to keep their attention in the CBOs activities. The maintenance charges should be on the basis of financial status of the farmers. The need is to improve the remaining water courses for the boosting of agriculture in the study area.
{"title":"Potential of community based organizations in irrigation channels to enhance crop production","authors":"F. Khan, Himayatullah Khan, M. A. Shah, Nimra Khan, A. U. Hassan, N. Khan","doi":"10.33687/008.03.3398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/008.03.3398","url":null,"abstract":"This research study was carried out to identify the role of community-based organizations in irrigation channels to enhance crop yield in rural areas of district Mansehra Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Data were collected from 200 respondents selected randomly and analyzed through SPSS. Findings concluded that more than half (53%) of the sampled respondents perceived that CBOs played an important role in development of irrigation channels and in result the crop yield was increased in the study area. Regarding performance of CBOs, OFWM contributed more in the improvement of water courses. CBOs work was appreciated by the respondents as it positively affected the farming activities in the study area and made the irrigation system more convenient. The CBOs had some of the shortcoming such as absence of regular activities, meeting and rewards for members. There was personal biasness in the selection criteria of the membership. It was recommended that there should be regular organizational activities, duties and some kind of rewards for the member to keep their attention in the CBOs activities. The maintenance charges should be on the basis of financial status of the farmers. The need is to improve the remaining water courses for the boosting of agriculture in the study area.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"39 1","pages":"225-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77689480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethiopia has huge numbers of livestock hampered with high prevalence of infectious disease due to poor disease prevention and control. A five-year retrospective study was conducted to collect data on commonly diagnosed bacterial and viral disease and associated vaccine available at district government veterinary clinic in 2019. The commonly encountered bacterial and viral cattle diseases recorded in the case record book were LSD, CBPP Black leg, Anthrax, Bovine pasteurellosis, and Mastitis. Sheep and goat pox disease, Ovine Pasteurellosis, PPR, CCPP, and anthrax were the common diseases of sheep and goat in the study district. Regarding diseases of poultry, New castle, Infectious Bursal Diseases (Gumboro), Infectious coriza, chicken pox, Coccidiosis, Fowl Typhoid, Fowl Cholera, and Marex are the major once. The commonly available vaccines in the study district were LSD, Black leg, Anthrax, Bovine pasteurellosis, Ovine pasteurellosis, Sheep and Goat Pox, PPR, and vaccine for chicken disease like New castle disease vaccine, Gumboro, Fowl Pox, Fowl typhoid and Fowl cholera were used. Vaccination coverage for Lumpy Skin Disease, Sheep and Goat pox and Newcastle viral diseases were good compared with other diseases. The majority 36% of the population of cattle were vaccinated for LSD in 2019 and the lowest 16% in 2015.The lower portion of shoat 8% and half of the population 50% were vaccinated in 2017 and 2019 respectively. Maximum proportion of Newcastle and Gumboro vaccination coverage were 53% and 42%. The vaccination trends for most of the vaccines were fluctuating from year to year whereas the vaccination trend for LSD was increasing from year to year.
{"title":"Retrospective study on livestock vaccine coverage and trends in Digelu-tijo district, Arsi zone","authors":"M. Endalew, Fekadu S. Wakene","doi":"10.33687/008.03.3394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/008.03.3394","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia has huge numbers of livestock hampered with high prevalence of infectious disease due to poor disease prevention and control. A five-year retrospective study was conducted to collect data on commonly diagnosed bacterial and viral disease and associated vaccine available at district government veterinary clinic in 2019. The commonly encountered bacterial and viral cattle diseases recorded in the case record book were LSD, CBPP Black leg, Anthrax, Bovine pasteurellosis, and Mastitis. Sheep and goat pox disease, Ovine Pasteurellosis, PPR, CCPP, and anthrax were the common diseases of sheep and goat in the study district. Regarding diseases of poultry, New castle, Infectious Bursal Diseases (Gumboro), Infectious coriza, chicken pox, Coccidiosis, Fowl Typhoid, Fowl Cholera, and Marex are the major once. The commonly available vaccines in the study district were LSD, Black leg, Anthrax, Bovine pasteurellosis, Ovine pasteurellosis, Sheep and Goat Pox, PPR, and vaccine for chicken disease like New castle disease vaccine, Gumboro, Fowl Pox, Fowl typhoid and Fowl cholera were used. Vaccination coverage for Lumpy Skin Disease, Sheep and Goat pox and Newcastle viral diseases were good compared with other diseases. The majority 36% of the population of cattle were vaccinated for LSD in 2019 and the lowest 16% in 2015.The lower portion of shoat 8% and half of the population 50% were vaccinated in 2017 and 2019 respectively. Maximum proportion of Newcastle and Gumboro vaccination coverage were 53% and 42%. The vaccination trends for most of the vaccines were fluctuating from year to year whereas the vaccination trend for LSD was increasing from year to year.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"71 1","pages":"219-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73784710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most of rural people, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. In Kenya, rural households who are mainly smallholder farmers rely on agriculture for most of their income. The agriculture sector plays an important role in employment creation. However, the sector is reportedly dominated by the elderly people while youths tend to shy away. These youths are actively involved on social media platforms hence social media have been used to promote their participation in agriculture. However, how utilization of such social media platforms affected their participation in agriculture was not yet known in Njoro Sub-county. This study focused on the effect of utilization of social media platforms on youth participation in agriculture in Njoro Sub-county. A descriptive survey research design was used with a target population of 3,925 and accessible population of 1,597 youth involved in agriculture in Njoro, Kihingo, and Lare wards. A random sampling technique was used to select 150 respondents. A questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS version 22 and STATA version 12 was used to analyze data. The results revealed Facebook, Google search engine, and WhatsApp as the top three highly used social media platforms amongst the youth in agriculture in Njoro Sub-county. Besides, Facebook had highest 22 % respondents using it very often, 18% often, 14.7% sometimes and 6.7% rarely. Moreover, the results showed that the level of utilization of social media platforms had a significant effect (p=0.001) on youth participation in agriculture at a 5% level. WhatsApp had a positive effect (p=0.039) on youth participation in agriculture at a 5 % level. The study recommended that government and other potential stakeholders should invest in digital extension services to promote youth participation in agriculture. More youth participation would significantly reduce unemployment.
大多数农村人口，特别是撒哈拉以南非洲的农村人口，以农业为生。在肯尼亚，以小农为主的农村家庭的大部分收入依靠农业。农业部门在创造就业方面发挥着重要作用。然而，据报道，该行业主要由老年人主导，而年轻人往往回避。这些年轻人积极参与社交媒体平台，因此社交媒体被用来促进他们参与农业。然而，在Njoro副县，这些社交媒体平台的使用如何影响他们参与农业尚不清楚。本研究主要探讨社交媒体平台的使用对恩约罗县青年农业参与的影响。采用描述性调查研究设计，对Njoro、Kihingo和Lare省3,925名目标人口和1,597名参与农业的青年人口进行了调查。采用随机抽样的方法，选取了150名受访者。问卷调查是用来收集数据的。采用SPSS version 22和STATA version 12对数据进行分析。结果显示，Facebook、b谷歌搜索引擎和WhatsApp是Njoro县农业青年中使用率最高的三大社交媒体平台。此外，22%的受访者经常使用Facebook, 18%经常使用，14.7%有时使用，6.7%很少使用。此外，结果显示，社交媒体平台的利用水平对青年参与农业有显著影响(p=0.001)，水平为5%。WhatsApp在5%的水平上对青年参与农业有积极影响(p=0.039)。该研究建议，政府和其他潜在利益相关者应投资于数字推广服务，以促进青年参与农业。更多的青年参与将显著降低失业率。
{"title":"Effect of utilization of social media platforms on youth participation in agriculture in Njoro sub-county, Kenya","authors":"Khumoetsile O. Sebotsa, A. Nkurumwa, M. N. Kyule","doi":"10.33687/008.03.3400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/008.03.3400","url":null,"abstract":"Most of rural people, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, depend on agriculture for their livelihoods. In Kenya, rural households who are mainly smallholder farmers rely on agriculture for most of their income. The agriculture sector plays an important role in employment creation. However, the sector is reportedly dominated by the elderly people while youths tend to shy away. These youths are actively involved on social media platforms hence social media have been used to promote their participation in agriculture. However, how utilization of such social media platforms affected their participation in agriculture was not yet known in Njoro Sub-county. This study focused on the effect of utilization of social media platforms on youth participation in agriculture in Njoro Sub-county. A descriptive survey research design was used with a target population of 3,925 and accessible population of 1,597 youth involved in agriculture in Njoro, Kihingo, and Lare wards. A random sampling technique was used to select 150 respondents. A questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS version 22 and STATA version 12 was used to analyze data. The results revealed Facebook, Google search engine, and WhatsApp as the top three highly used social media platforms amongst the youth in agriculture in Njoro Sub-county. Besides, Facebook had highest 22 % respondents using it very often, 18% often, 14.7% sometimes and 6.7% rarely. Moreover, the results showed that the level of utilization of social media platforms had a significant effect (p=0.001) on youth participation in agriculture at a 5% level. WhatsApp had a positive effect (p=0.039) on youth participation in agriculture at a 5 % level. The study recommended that government and other potential stakeholders should invest in digital extension services to promote youth participation in agriculture. More youth participation would significantly reduce unemployment.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"21 1","pages":"235-250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77896383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.33687/ijae.008.02.2998
B. Muktar, N. Man, Ahmadu Hussaini, Umar Muktar
Climate information and early warnings are adjudged as key inputs for any adaptive action as such they are regularly disseminated through Information Communication Tools (ICTs) to fishing communities in Malaysia. However, such communication programs are adjudged to be top-down and expert centric, resulting in attendant unpreparedness and maladaptive attitude. As such the input of beneficiaries is clearly essential, the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) extends a simple and effective means of evaluating such services, therefore providing inputs on importance and performance of innovations. This work is guided by Protective Motivation Theory (PMT) to evaluate and highlight priorities and satisfaction ratings on flood risks communication, revealing specific clients’ needs for effective communication towards resilient livelihood in a participatory manner. Data was collected from 362 fishermen in east coast Malaysia and results of analysis revealed high perceived importance ratings on issues like severity and vulnerability to flooding events and low ranking in performance of advisory services to flood risks communication. Findings will, therefore, inform design and or improvement of programs by government agencies and NGOs.
{"title":"Improving performance analysis of flood risks communication program to fishermen in east-coast Malaysia","authors":"B. Muktar, N. Man, Ahmadu Hussaini, Umar Muktar","doi":"10.33687/ijae.008.02.2998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.008.02.2998","url":null,"abstract":"Climate information and early warnings are adjudged as key inputs for any adaptive action as such they are regularly disseminated through Information Communication Tools (ICTs) to fishing communities in Malaysia. However, such communication programs are adjudged to be top-down and expert centric, resulting in attendant unpreparedness and maladaptive attitude. As such the input of beneficiaries is clearly essential, the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) extends a simple and effective means of evaluating such services, therefore providing inputs on importance and performance of innovations. This work is guided by Protective Motivation Theory (PMT) to evaluate and highlight priorities and satisfaction ratings on flood risks communication, revealing specific clients’ needs for effective communication towards resilient livelihood in a participatory manner. Data was collected from 362 fishermen in east coast Malaysia and results of analysis revealed high perceived importance ratings on issues like severity and vulnerability to flooding events and low ranking in performance of advisory services to flood risks communication. Findings will, therefore, inform design and or improvement of programs by government agencies and NGOs.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"11 1","pages":"67-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85027405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.33687/ijae.008.02.3251
F. Kalanzi, P. Isubikalu, F. Kyazze, L. Orikiriza, I. Kiyingi, H. Assefa
This paper examines the intra-household decision-making patterns among spouses regarding agroforestry decisions in the eastern highlands of Uganda. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative data to examine spousal differences in the allocation of decision-making power over eight agroforestry decisions in dual-headed households. Quantitative data were collected through a cross-sectional survey in which both husbands and wives were interviewed separately and used to determine the decision-making power of spouses as well as the influence of individual and household characteristics on decision-making. Qualitative data from focus group discussions were collected to validate the quantitative findings. The study found that there were agreements and disagreements among spouses on how decision-making power is exercised over a range of agroforestry decisions. Wives allocated themselves more decision-making power than was assigned to them by their husbands. The higher allocation of decision-making power for wives tended to be in decisions linked to their roles and responsibilities in the household. The most critical factor influencing accord in decision-making was the number of years spent together by the couple while the number of children shared between the couple and farm-labour difference between husband and wife was the most significant for discord. Findings imply that most agroforestry interventions where wives participate without their spouses are bound to fail in dual-headed households because they wives limited decision-making power. It's desirable for programmes promoting agroforestry to integrate both husbands and wives in their interventions, for agroforestry to be more meaningful in meeting their divergent interests. This paper examines the intra-household decision-making patterns among spouses regarding agroforestry decisions in the eastern highlands of Uganda. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative data to examine spousal differences in the allocation of decision-making power over eight agroforestry decisions in dual-headed households. Quantitative data were collected through a cross-sectional survey in which both husbands and wives were interviewed separately and used to determine the decision-making power of spouses as well as the influence of individual and household characteristics on decision-making. Qualitative data from focus group discussions were collected to validate the quantitative findings. The study found that there were agreements and disagreements among spouses on how decision-making power is exercised over a range of agroforestry decisions. Wives allocated themselves more decision-making power than was assigned to them by their husbands. The higher allocation of decision-making power for wives tended to be in decisions linked to their roles and responsibilities in the household. The most critical factor influencing accord in decision-making was the number of years spent together by the couple while the numbe
{"title":"Intra-household decision-making among smallholder agroforestry farmers in the eastern highlands of Uganda","authors":"F. Kalanzi, P. Isubikalu, F. Kyazze, L. Orikiriza, I. Kiyingi, H. Assefa","doi":"10.33687/ijae.008.02.3251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.008.02.3251","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the intra-household decision-making patterns among spouses regarding agroforestry decisions in the eastern highlands of Uganda. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative data to examine spousal differences in the allocation of decision-making power over eight agroforestry decisions in dual-headed households. Quantitative data were collected through a cross-sectional survey in which both husbands and wives were interviewed separately and used to determine the decision-making power of spouses as well as the influence of individual and household characteristics on decision-making. Qualitative data from focus group discussions were collected to validate the quantitative findings. The study found that there were agreements and disagreements among spouses on how decision-making power is exercised over a range of agroforestry decisions. Wives allocated themselves more decision-making power than was assigned to them by their husbands. The higher allocation of decision-making power for wives tended to be in decisions linked to their roles and responsibilities in the household. The most critical factor influencing accord in decision-making was the number of years spent together by the couple while the number of children shared between the couple and farm-labour difference between husband and wife was the most significant for discord. Findings imply that most agroforestry interventions where wives participate without their spouses are bound to fail in dual-headed households because they wives limited decision-making power. It's desirable for programmes promoting agroforestry to integrate both husbands and wives in their interventions, for agroforestry to be more meaningful in meeting their divergent interests. This paper examines the intra-household decision-making patterns among spouses regarding agroforestry decisions in the eastern highlands of Uganda. The study uses both quantitative and qualitative data to examine spousal differences in the allocation of decision-making power over eight agroforestry decisions in dual-headed households. Quantitative data were collected through a cross-sectional survey in which both husbands and wives were interviewed separately and used to determine the decision-making power of spouses as well as the influence of individual and household characteristics on decision-making. Qualitative data from focus group discussions were collected to validate the quantitative findings. The study found that there were agreements and disagreements among spouses on how decision-making power is exercised over a range of agroforestry decisions. Wives allocated themselves more decision-making power than was assigned to them by their husbands. The higher allocation of decision-making power for wives tended to be in decisions linked to their roles and responsibilities in the household. The most critical factor influencing accord in decision-making was the number of years spent together by the couple while the numbe","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"1 1","pages":"97-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91097287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-18DOI: 10.33687/ijae.008.02.3250
Anduamlak Assaye, C. Seyoum, Eric Ndemo
Low dietary diversity in the rural household is a major problem in developing countries due to different factors. The aim of this study is to assess dietary diversity level and its associated factors among indigenous and nonindigenous households in Bambasi district, Western Ethiopia. A cross sectional data which covered a sample of 260 households collected using a semi structured interview schedule. A multi stage sampling procedure was used. A household dietary diversity score based on 12 food groups was created using seven days recalls. A descriptive statistics analysis was applied. An order logistic regression model was used to determine the factors that influence both indigenous and nonindigenous household dietary diversity. The result of the study revealed that indigenous household had better dietary diversity status than nonindigenous household heads. Age of the household heads, access to extension and access to nearest markets are the major determinants of rural households in the area. Despite of this, access to credit, farm income, farm size and dependency ratio are the major determinants for nonindigenous household heads whereas participation in small scale irrigation and education are major factors of dietary diversity of the indigenous household heads. Therefore, we recommended that food and nutrition interventions focusing on improving dietary diversity and quality should due attention to develop community specific interventions instead of generalized interventions. However, further investigation focused on seasonal dietary diversity and individual level dietary diversity of the study area
{"title":"Comparative analysis of indigenous and non-indigenous household dietary diversity status: the case of bambasi, benishangul gumuz regional state, western Ethiopia","authors":"Anduamlak Assaye, C. Seyoum, Eric Ndemo","doi":"10.33687/ijae.008.02.3250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.008.02.3250","url":null,"abstract":"Low dietary diversity in the rural household is a major problem in developing countries due to different factors. The aim of this study is to assess dietary diversity level and its associated factors among indigenous and nonindigenous households in Bambasi district, Western Ethiopia. A cross sectional data which covered a sample of 260 households collected using a semi structured interview schedule. A multi stage sampling procedure was used. A household dietary diversity score based on 12 food groups was created using seven days recalls. A descriptive statistics analysis was applied. An order logistic regression model was used to determine the factors that influence both indigenous and nonindigenous household dietary diversity. The result of the study revealed that indigenous household had better dietary diversity status than nonindigenous household heads. Age of the household heads, access to extension and access to nearest markets are the major determinants of rural households in the area. Despite of this, access to credit, farm income, farm size and dependency ratio are the major determinants for nonindigenous household heads whereas participation in small scale irrigation and education are major factors of dietary diversity of the indigenous household heads. Therefore, we recommended that food and nutrition interventions focusing on improving dietary diversity and quality should due attention to develop community specific interventions instead of generalized interventions. However, further investigation focused on seasonal dietary diversity and individual level dietary diversity of the study area","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":"11 1","pages":"85-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88250392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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