D. Peter, Shiwei Xu, Wen Yu, Sar Sary, S. Muyobozi
This study provided insights into the availability and use of agricultural information by small scale farmers in the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. The research used structured questionnaires to interview 240 rice farmers in the Mbeya region. The findings revealed that farmers accessed agricultural information from various agents including local government extension staff, neighbors and friends, advertisements, electronic media including the internet, television, radio, and other channels. The identified technological information application methods included by lectures, field demonstrations, exposure visits to various places, and printed production. The majority of farmers perceived to have dissatisfied (43%), strongly dissatisfied (25%), strongly satisfied (20%), satisfied (8%), and no opinions (4%) concerning accessibility to agricultural information and technological services. The majority of farmers claimed that both agricultural information and technological communication are strongly needed for agricultural performance. The study suggests that government and non-government organizations should collaborate to bridge the existing information-sharing gap between farmers and information providers. Keywords: extension communication, technological information, rural areas, rice farmers, Tanzania.
{"title":"Reliability of the Agricultural Extension and Technological Services among Rice Farmers in the Rural Areas of Tanzania","authors":"D. Peter, Shiwei Xu, Wen Yu, Sar Sary, S. Muyobozi","doi":"10.4314/JAE.V25I2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAE.V25I2.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study provided insights into the availability and use of agricultural information by small scale farmers in the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. The research used structured questionnaires to interview 240 rice farmers in the Mbeya region. The findings revealed that farmers accessed agricultural information from various agents including local government extension staff, neighbors and friends, advertisements, electronic media including the internet, television, radio, and other channels. The identified technological information application methods included by lectures, field demonstrations, exposure visits to various places, and printed production. The majority of farmers perceived to have dissatisfied (43%), strongly dissatisfied (25%), strongly satisfied (20%), satisfied (8%), and no opinions (4%) concerning accessibility to agricultural information and technological services. The majority of farmers claimed that both agricultural information and technological communication are strongly needed for agricultural performance. The study suggests that government and non-government organizations should collaborate to bridge the existing information-sharing gap between farmers and information providers. \u0000Keywords: extension communication, technological information, rural areas, rice farmers, Tanzania.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82396070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study investigated the effects of animal manures (cow manure, CoM; chicken droppings, CkD; and pig manure, PiM) applied at 15 t ha-1 equivalent rate on the soil and growth performance of okra grown in a degraded ultisol. The treatments (CoM; CoM; PiM and Control unamended) were laid out in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. Animal manure application had significant effects on soil properties. Soilorganic matter increased by over 9% in the amended treatment relative to the control treatment. Except for N, increases in P (circa 14-70%)and K (circa 15-46%) nutrients were higher for CkD treatment than in other treatments. Generally, the amended treatments maintained a significantly higher (p ≤0.05) plant leave number, stem girth, plant height, okra pod length and yields when compared with the Control treatment. The results indicated that application of animal manure enhanced okra growth performance. The findings suggest that animal manure application can potentially increase okra yield when grown in a degraded soil. It is recommended that farmers use ample (15 t ha-1) ) quantity of animal manures to increase their crop yields, which invariably will enhance their income. Keywords: Soil fertility, organic fertilizers okra growth, okra yield response, farmers okra yeild.
研究了动物粪便(牛粪，CoM;鸡粪，CkD;15 t hm -1等量施用猪粪(PiM)对退化多效土中秋葵生长性能的影响。处理(CoM;CoM;PiM和对照组(未修改)采用完全随机设计，并重复三次。施用动物粪便对土壤性状有显著影响。改良处理的土壤有机质比对照处理增加了9%以上。除N外，CkD处理的P(约14 ~ 70%)和K(约15 ~ 46%)养分增幅均高于其他处理。总体而言，与对照处理相比，改良处理的叶片数、茎周长、株高、秋葵荚长和产量均显著高于对照处理(p≤0.05)。结果表明，施用动物粪便可提高秋葵的生长性能。研究结果表明，在退化的土壤中，施用动物粪便可能会增加秋葵的产量。建议农民使用大量(15吨每公顷)的动物粪便来增加作物产量，这必然会增加他们的收入。关键词:土壤肥力，有机肥，秋葵生长，秋葵产量响应，农户秋葵产量
{"title":"Soil Chemical Properties and Yield Response of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L) to Different Organic Fertilizer Sources","authors":"B. O. Unagwu, Roseline. U. Ayogu, V. Osadebe","doi":"10.4314/JAE.V25I2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAE.V25I2.6","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the effects of animal manures (cow manure, CoM; chicken droppings, CkD; and pig manure, PiM) applied at 15 t ha-1 equivalent rate on the soil and growth performance of okra grown in a degraded ultisol. The treatments (CoM; CoM; PiM and Control unamended) were laid out in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. Animal manure application had significant effects on soil properties. Soilorganic matter increased by over 9% in the amended treatment relative to the control treatment. Except for N, increases in P (circa 14-70%)and K (circa 15-46%) nutrients were higher for CkD treatment than in other treatments. Generally, the amended treatments maintained a significantly higher (p ≤0.05) plant leave number, stem girth, plant height, okra pod length and yields when compared with the Control treatment. The results indicated that application of animal manure enhanced okra growth performance. The findings suggest that animal manure application can potentially increase okra yield when grown in a degraded soil. It is recommended that farmers use ample (15 t ha-1) ) quantity of animal manures to increase their crop yields, which invariably will enhance their income. \u0000Keywords: Soil fertility, organic fertilizers okra growth, okra yield response, farmers okra yeild.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80690044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lydia N. Muriithi, C. Onyari, H. Mogaka, B. Gichimu, Geoffrey N. Gatumo, K. Kwena
The study examined the adoption determinants of adapted climate smart agriculture (CSA) technologies among smallholder farmers. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select a total sample of 384 households. Percentages and regression were employed in data analysis. The results revealed that 47.4% adapted to climate change using integrated farming system, intercropping, crop rotation and agroforestry. Sex (0.9%), education level (9.2%) significantly influenced adoption of the adaptation strategies. Moreover, information sources such as mobile phones (0.9%), and neighbors/friends (0.2%) negatively affected the adaptation strategies. Future policy should aim at creating more awareness through different information sources and provide local extension services. Keywords: Adaptation, smallholder farmers
{"title":"Adoption Determinants of Adapted Climate Smart Agriculture Technologies Among Smallholder Farmers in Machakos, Makueni, and Kitui Counties of Kenya","authors":"Lydia N. Muriithi, C. Onyari, H. Mogaka, B. Gichimu, Geoffrey N. Gatumo, K. Kwena","doi":"10.4314/JAE.V25I2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAE.V25I2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the adoption determinants of adapted climate smart agriculture (CSA) technologies among smallholder farmers. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select a total sample of 384 households. Percentages and regression were employed in data analysis. The results revealed that 47.4% adapted to climate change using integrated farming system, intercropping, crop rotation and agroforestry. Sex (0.9%), education level (9.2%) significantly influenced adoption of the adaptation strategies. Moreover, information sources such as mobile phones (0.9%), and neighbors/friends (0.2%) negatively affected the adaptation strategies. Future policy should aim at creating more awareness through different information sources and provide local extension services. \u0000Keywords: Adaptation, smallholder farmers","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81769706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study assessed factors influencing the use of internet-based mobile phone apps on employees on job commitment in agriculturalresearch institutes in Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 94 employees. The data were obtainedthrough a structured questionnaire and analyzed using percentages, chi-square analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Result showed that Whatsapp ( x =3.32), Emails (x =3.23) and Opera mini(x =3.23) were the most frequently used internet-based mobile phone apps. The use of internet-based mobile apps enhances their job commitments ( x =3.86) while using internet-based mobile apps saves time (x =3.54). Fluctuations of internet connectivity (x =2.71) and epileptic power supply ( x =2.36) were factors influencing the use of internet-based mobile phone apps. Significant relationship (P≤0.05) existed between employees use of whatsApp (χ2=9.80), Email (χ2=6.60) and Instagram (χ2=-16.0) and job commitment. PCA reveals that fluctuation of internet connectivity (0.78) was the major determinants of employees’ use of internet-based mobile phone apps. It was concluded that whatsapp and emails positively influenced employees’ commitment to their job with favourable and positive perceive ease of use of these internet-based mobile apps. Therefore, the study recommended that stable and functional internet facilities should be in agricultural research institutes to enable employees explore the potentials of internet-based mobile phone apps. Keywords: Internet-based mobile phone apps, job commitment, employees, agricultural research institutes
{"title":"Influence of Internet-based Mobile Phone Applications on Employees Job Commitment in Agricultural Research Institutes in Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"M. O. Oose, O. Fapojuwo, Jibril A. Agbabiaka","doi":"10.4314/JAE.V25I2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAE.V25I2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed factors influencing the use of internet-based mobile phone apps on employees on job commitment in agriculturalresearch institutes in Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 94 employees. The data were obtainedthrough a structured questionnaire and analyzed using percentages, chi-square analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). Result showed that Whatsapp ( x =3.32), Emails (x =3.23) and Opera mini(x =3.23) were the most frequently used internet-based mobile phone apps. The use of internet-based mobile apps enhances their job commitments ( x =3.86) while using internet-based mobile apps saves time (x =3.54). Fluctuations of internet connectivity (x =2.71) and epileptic power supply ( x =2.36) were factors influencing the use of internet-based mobile phone apps. Significant relationship (P≤0.05) existed between employees use of whatsApp (χ2=9.80), Email (χ2=6.60) and Instagram (χ2=-16.0) and job commitment. PCA reveals that fluctuation of internet connectivity (0.78) was the major determinants of employees’ use of internet-based mobile phone apps. It was concluded that whatsapp and emails positively influenced employees’ commitment to their job with favourable and positive perceive ease of use of these internet-based mobile apps. Therefore, the study recommended that stable and functional internet facilities should be in agricultural research institutes to enable employees explore the potentials of internet-based mobile phone apps. \u0000Keywords: Internet-based mobile phone apps, job commitment, employees, agricultural research institutes","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89783014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-24DOI: 10.33687/IJAE.009.02.3579
M. A. Soharwardi, Abida Firdous, Abid Rashid Gill
In developing countries, the informal sector plays a diverse role, from eradicating poverty to polluting the environment. Perhaps, due to inadequate awareness and scanty literature, the aspect remained ignored. This study was an attempt to determine the simultaneous relationship between environment, informal sector, and poverty. This study was based on panel data study of three countries, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India. ARDL approach was used to measure the size of the informal sector economy of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. The generalized momentum (GMM) method was applied to determine the environment's simultaneous effects, on poverty, and the informal sector economy. The outcomes unveiled that informal sector employment and poverty expedited the carbon dioxide emission in three countries such as India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Secondly, poverty and CO2 emissions had a positive association with the informal sector whereas thirdly, there was a negative impact of the informal sector economy and CO2 emissions on the poverty. This study urges to channelize the informal sector because it can contribute towards poverty reduction in a better way once its channelized and provision of adequate awareness among the people regarding judicious use of natural resources. For instance, climate smart agriculture, sustainable farming and Good Agricultural Practices have been implemented to curtail the CO 2 emissions from agriculture sector. The needs are to provoke other sectors as well followed by the initiation of legal restrictions on CO 2 emissions
{"title":"Are environment, informal sector and poverty interrelated?","authors":"M. A. Soharwardi, Abida Firdous, Abid Rashid Gill","doi":"10.33687/IJAE.009.02.3579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/IJAE.009.02.3579","url":null,"abstract":"In developing countries, the informal sector plays a diverse role, from eradicating poverty to polluting the environment. Perhaps, due to inadequate awareness and scanty literature, the aspect remained ignored. This study was an attempt to determine the simultaneous relationship between environment, informal sector, and poverty. This study was based on panel data study of three countries, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India. ARDL approach was used to measure the size of the informal sector economy of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. The generalized momentum (GMM) method was applied to determine the environment's simultaneous effects, on poverty, and the informal sector economy. The outcomes unveiled that informal sector employment and poverty expedited the carbon dioxide emission in three countries such as India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Secondly, poverty and CO2 emissions had a positive association with the informal sector whereas thirdly, there was a negative impact of the informal sector economy and CO2 emissions on the poverty. This study urges to channelize the informal sector because it can contribute towards poverty reduction in a better way once its channelized and provision of adequate awareness among the people regarding judicious use of natural resources. For instance, climate smart agriculture, sustainable farming and Good Agricultural Practices have been implemented to curtail the CO 2 emissions from agriculture sector. The needs are to provoke other sectors as well followed by the initiation of legal restrictions on CO 2 emissions","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83908973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-24DOI: 10.33687/IJAE.009.02.3528
Syed Ijaz-ul-Hassan, A. Khan, S. Erum
On the eve of changing climate, it is expected that there will be a competition to reallocate water for agricultural, industrial and urban needs in near future. Thus, in view of the increased water scarcity, an adequate management for water application is required to maximize water use and increase yield. In this regard, a field trial comprising four deficit drip irrigation treatments on potato crop under drip irrigation was conducted in filed condition using RCB design with four replications. Cropwat 8.0 program was used to determine the interval and depth of next irrigation at 15, 30, 45 & 60% management allowable depletion (MAD) of soil moisture. The outcomes indicated that irrigation to potato crop at 30% MAD level gave the highest water productivity (17.28 kg/m3) followed by 60, 15 and 45% MAD levels. Maximum %age of medium sized tuber was achieved by applying irrigation to potato crop at 60% MAD level (65.70) followed by 30% MAD level (65.5), 45% MAD (64.0) and 15% MAD level (60.50). The incidence of scab was found 2.50%, 2.75%, 3.25% and 3.75% in potato tubers at 15, 30, 45 and 60% MAD level, respectively. Thus, growers can save the water by adopting this water saving technique without reduction in tuber yield. For proper adaptation of new technique and practice, common farmer of Pakistan should be educated in term of visits to govt. research institutions and adoptive research farms to understand the right step to words better yield.
{"title":"Effect of deficit drip irrigation on yield and water productivity of potato crop","authors":"Syed Ijaz-ul-Hassan, A. Khan, S. Erum","doi":"10.33687/IJAE.009.02.3528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/IJAE.009.02.3528","url":null,"abstract":"On the eve of changing climate, it is expected that there will be a competition to reallocate water for agricultural, industrial and urban needs in near future. Thus, in view of the increased water scarcity, an adequate management for water application is required to maximize water use and increase yield. In this regard, a field trial comprising four deficit drip irrigation treatments on potato crop under drip irrigation was conducted in filed condition using RCB design with four replications. Cropwat 8.0 program was used to determine the interval and depth of next irrigation at 15, 30, 45 & 60% management allowable depletion (MAD) of soil moisture. The outcomes indicated that irrigation to potato crop at 30% MAD level gave the highest water productivity (17.28 kg/m3) followed by 60, 15 and 45% MAD levels. Maximum %age of medium sized tuber was achieved by applying irrigation to potato crop at 60% MAD level (65.70) followed by 30% MAD level (65.5), 45% MAD (64.0) and 15% MAD level (60.50). The incidence of scab was found 2.50%, 2.75%, 3.25% and 3.75% in potato tubers at 15, 30, 45 and 60% MAD level, respectively. Thus, growers can save the water by adopting this water saving technique without reduction in tuber yield. For proper adaptation of new technique and practice, common farmer of Pakistan should be educated in term of visits to govt. research institutions and adoptive research farms to understand the right step to words better yield.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80308252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-24DOI: 10.33687/IJAE.009.02.2525
N. Akhtar, M. Idrees, Furqan ur Rehman, M. Ilyas, Qaiser Abbas, M. Luqman
Citrus family consists of a variety of eatable, consumable and usable items with varying nutritional contents. Naked eye citrus classification needs expert human effort, which provides poor decision reliability. The unreliable classification decision may be extremely hazardous when the citrus is being classified for exports or usage in pharmacy products and various food items. In this paper, citrus fruit has been classified on shape and texture features. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used as a methodology to explore statistical findings. The average accuracy of the system proposed is 84%. This system can be implemented on pharmacy stores, food production units, or industries, and citrus export centers for reliable citrus fruit classification.
{"title":"Shape and texture based classification of citrus using principal component analysis","authors":"N. Akhtar, M. Idrees, Furqan ur Rehman, M. Ilyas, Qaiser Abbas, M. Luqman","doi":"10.33687/IJAE.009.02.2525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/IJAE.009.02.2525","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus family consists of a variety of eatable, consumable and usable items with varying nutritional contents. Naked eye citrus classification needs expert human effort, which provides poor decision reliability. The unreliable classification decision may be extremely hazardous when the citrus is being classified for exports or usage in pharmacy products and various food items. In this paper, citrus fruit has been classified on shape and texture features. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used as a methodology to explore statistical findings. The average accuracy of the system proposed is 84%. This system can be implemented on pharmacy stores, food production units, or industries, and citrus export centers for reliable citrus fruit classification.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82927881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-22DOI: 10.33687/IJAE.009.01.3550
Safdar Ali, G. Khan, M. Iftikhar, H. Munir
This study was conducted in District Nankana Sahib aiming at exploring the challenges hampering the participation of rural youth in family farming. Total 360 respondents selected through snowball sampling technique were interviewed through face-to-face interview technique on a structured, validated and pretested interview schedule. Collected data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings unveiled that a little more than half (56.7%) of respondents had experience of family farming surpassing over 15 years. Greater than half (51.2%) of respondents had overwhelmed reliance on farming only in order to generate income. This study confirms that, personal factors (wandering, studentship, dependency on elders and lack of confidence), cultural (litigation, social injustice, generational gap), marketing (inflation, crashed marketing) and farming related factors (small land size, high production cost, land ownership, poor return and labour intensiveness) were the key factors hindering the participation of rural youth in family farming. This study urges a pivotal role of agricultural institutions to assist and train youth for the persuasion to join family faring. Government should be on board the policies to make agriculture a profitable venture, thus the youth can be mobilized to participate in family farming. The concept of family farming is also required to be familiarised among youth through interactive approach of media.
{"title":"Challenges faced by the youth regarding participation in family farming in Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Safdar Ali, G. Khan, M. Iftikhar, H. Munir","doi":"10.33687/IJAE.009.01.3550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/IJAE.009.01.3550","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in District Nankana Sahib aiming at exploring the challenges hampering the participation of rural youth in family farming. Total 360 respondents selected through snowball sampling technique were interviewed through face-to-face interview technique on a structured, validated and pretested interview schedule. Collected data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings unveiled that a little more than half (56.7%) of respondents had experience of family farming surpassing over 15 years. Greater than half (51.2%) of respondents had overwhelmed reliance on farming only in order to generate income. This study confirms that, personal factors (wandering, studentship, dependency on elders and lack of confidence), cultural (litigation, social injustice, generational gap), marketing (inflation, crashed marketing) and farming related factors (small land size, high production cost, land ownership, poor return and labour intensiveness) were the key factors hindering the participation of rural youth in family farming. This study urges a pivotal role of agricultural institutions to assist and train youth for the persuasion to join family faring. Government should be on board the policies to make agriculture a profitable venture, thus the youth can be mobilized to participate in family farming. The concept of family farming is also required to be familiarised among youth through interactive approach of media.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84688235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Ahmad, Rana Ejaz Ali Khan, M. A. Soharwardi, M. Shafiq, Seemab Gillani
Pakistan is the 8 th largest wheat producer in the world. However, the country’s wheat productivity is not as impressive as that of China, India and Bangladesh. Punjab shares more than 70 percent of the country’s total area cultivated under wheat crop. Although the application of farm inputs in their optimal quantities translate into improved wheat yield, however the qualitative attributes of the agronomy applied to wheat production as well as the socioeconomic realities of the wheat growers also matter for better output. Keeping in view the role of wheat as a staple diet in Pakistan along with its strong backward and forward linkages with the industrial sector of the country, the study investigated the impact of socioeconomic and agronomic settings on wheat yield in wheat-cotton Punjab (Pakistan). District Bahawalnagar stands first regarding its share in the total acreage of agricultural land sown under wheat crop as well as its share in total wheat production in Punjab. By surveying the selected villages of the district, 120 wheat growers were contacted for the collection of data through a questionnaire. The information was recorded through face-to-face interviewing, while data was analyzed by using SPSS® version 20. Amongst the socioeconomic attributes, a farmer’s educational status as literate and landownership status as landless were observed to be positively related to the wheat yield. While amongst the agronomic practices, seed sowing through broadcast method, manual wheat harvesting, poor soil fertility, and the tube-well as the only mode of irrigation were negatively associated with the wheat grain yield. The study concludes that in the context of wheat-cotton Punjab, qualitative attributes of the wheat growers and that of agronomic practices matter in determining wheat yield. The study suggests the need for rural infrastructure (especially, human and irrigational) development in order to bridge the actual and potential yield gaps for wheat crop.
{"title":"Socioeconomics and agronomy of wheat yield in cotton-wheat cropping system in Punjab, Pakistan: A quality-quantity assessment","authors":"T. Ahmad, Rana Ejaz Ali Khan, M. A. Soharwardi, M. Shafiq, Seemab Gillani","doi":"10.33687/IJAE.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/IJAE.","url":null,"abstract":"Pakistan is the 8 th largest wheat producer in the world. However, the country’s wheat productivity is not as impressive as that of China, India and Bangladesh. Punjab shares more than 70 percent of the country’s total area cultivated under wheat crop. Although the application of farm inputs in their optimal quantities translate into improved wheat yield, however the qualitative attributes of the agronomy applied to wheat production as well as the socioeconomic realities of the wheat growers also matter for better output. Keeping in view the role of wheat as a staple diet in Pakistan along with its strong backward and forward linkages with the industrial sector of the country, the study investigated the impact of socioeconomic and agronomic settings on wheat yield in wheat-cotton Punjab (Pakistan). District Bahawalnagar stands first regarding its share in the total acreage of agricultural land sown under wheat crop as well as its share in total wheat production in Punjab. By surveying the selected villages of the district, 120 wheat growers were contacted for the collection of data through a questionnaire. The information was recorded through face-to-face interviewing, while data was analyzed by using SPSS® version 20. Amongst the socioeconomic attributes, a farmer’s educational status as literate and landownership status as landless were observed to be positively related to the wheat yield. While amongst the agronomic practices, seed sowing through broadcast method, manual wheat harvesting, poor soil fertility, and the tube-well as the only mode of irrigation were negatively associated with the wheat grain yield. The study concludes that in the context of wheat-cotton Punjab, qualitative attributes of the wheat growers and that of agronomic practices matter in determining wheat yield. The study suggests the need for rural infrastructure (especially, human and irrigational) development in order to bridge the actual and potential yield gaps for wheat crop.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88720636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Sneed, Ann A. Berry, S. Barnes, Donna D Calhoun, Tracy Hagan, Marci H Hethmon, Karen D Jones, Barbara Metzger
The COVID-19 pandemic has created a money crunch for some families. To help families struggling financially while capitalizing on clients’ newfound at-home time, University of Tennessee Extension consumer economics leadership team developed a series of money management videos called Money Minute. The primary purpose of the videos is to provide research-based financial education during this time of financial hardships. Filmed using Zoom, each video offers a piece of research-based information, a listing of additional resources, and a call to action. The video series has proved to be effective in reaching clientele with financial information in the midst of a pandemic, and the methods can be replicated or adapted by others.
{"title":"Money Minute: Using Short Informational Videos to Address Financial Hardships Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Christopher Sneed, Ann A. Berry, S. Barnes, Donna D Calhoun, Tracy Hagan, Marci H Hethmon, Karen D Jones, Barbara Metzger","doi":"10.34068/JOE.59.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34068/JOE.59.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has created a money crunch for some families. To help families struggling financially while capitalizing on clients’ newfound at-home time, University of Tennessee Extension consumer economics leadership team developed a series of money management videos called Money Minute. The primary purpose of the videos is to provide research-based financial education during this time of financial hardships. Filmed using Zoom, each video offers a piece of research-based information, a listing of additional resources, and a call to action. The video series has proved to be effective in reaching clientele with financial information in the midst of a pandemic, and the methods can be replicated or adapted by others.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89496769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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