Jelili Yusuf Olayinka, Yusuf Olatunji, Latifat Abdulrahman Ololade, Oluwafemi Oluwatosin, I. F. Ayanda
The study examined factors underlying farmers’ perception about pro-vitaminA cassava varieties and their willingness to cultivate them in Kwara State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty-two (122) cassava farmers, selected through a multistage sampling procedure, were used for the study. Data were collected through the use of interview schedule and analysed using percentages, mean and standard deviation. Chi-square, likelihood ratio and factor (principal component) analysis were used for inferential deduction. Results showed that about half (50.8%) of the respondents had high knowledge about the improved cassava variety and a vast majority (93.4%) expressed willingness to cultivate it. Sex (χ = 3.542) and knowledge level (χ = 15.732) had significant association with willingness to cultivate at p≤0.05, with female farmers found to be about 3 times more likely willing to cultivate than male. Also, farmers with more knowledge were found to be about 6 Creative Commons User License: CC BY-NC-ND Journal of Agricultural Extension Abstracted by: EBSCOhost, Electronic Journals Service (EJS), Vol. 24 (3) July, 2020 Google Scholar, Journal Seek, Scientific Commons, ISSN(e): 24086851; ISSN(Print); 1119944X Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), CABI and Scopus http://journal.aesonnigeria.org http://www.ajol.info/index.php/jae http://eoi.citefactor.org/10.11226/v24i3 Email: editorinchief@aesonnigeria.org 73 times more likely willing to cultivate pro-vitamin-A than those with little knowledge. Three crucial factors (‘ethno-based preference’, ‘culturally induced personal preference’ and ‘colour dislike’) were found to be associated with farmers’ perception about the cassava variety. Farmers in Kwara State were willing to cultivate the pro-vitamin-A cassava variety. Women and those who had more knowledge were more willing to cultivate the variety than men and those with little knowledge, respectively. Factors underlying farmers’ perception about the variety were linked to ethno-cultural background and dislike for yellow root cassava. The need for more female integration and increased nutritional education in the drive towards popularisation of provitamin-A cassava variety are thus recommended.
{"title":"Farmers’ Willingness to Cultivate Pro-vitamin-A Cassava Variety in Kwara State, Nigeria","authors":"Jelili Yusuf Olayinka, Yusuf Olatunji, Latifat Abdulrahman Ololade, Oluwafemi Oluwatosin, I. F. Ayanda","doi":"10.4314/jae.v24i3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i3.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined factors underlying farmers’ perception about pro-vitaminA cassava varieties and their willingness to cultivate them in Kwara State, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty-two (122) cassava farmers, selected through a multistage sampling procedure, were used for the study. Data were collected through the use of interview schedule and analysed using percentages, mean and standard deviation. Chi-square, likelihood ratio and factor (principal component) analysis were used for inferential deduction. Results showed that about half (50.8%) of the respondents had high knowledge about the improved cassava variety and a vast majority (93.4%) expressed willingness to cultivate it. Sex (χ = 3.542) and knowledge level (χ = 15.732) had significant association with willingness to cultivate at p≤0.05, with female farmers found to be about 3 times more likely willing to cultivate than male. Also, farmers with more knowledge were found to be about 6 Creative Commons User License: CC BY-NC-ND Journal of Agricultural Extension Abstracted by: EBSCOhost, Electronic Journals Service (EJS), Vol. 24 (3) July, 2020 Google Scholar, Journal Seek, Scientific Commons, ISSN(e): 24086851; ISSN(Print); 1119944X Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), CABI and Scopus http://journal.aesonnigeria.org http://www.ajol.info/index.php/jae http://eoi.citefactor.org/10.11226/v24i3 Email: editorinchief@aesonnigeria.org 73 times more likely willing to cultivate pro-vitamin-A than those with little knowledge. Three crucial factors (‘ethno-based preference’, ‘culturally induced personal preference’ and ‘colour dislike’) were found to be associated with farmers’ perception about the cassava variety. Farmers in Kwara State were willing to cultivate the pro-vitamin-A cassava variety. Women and those who had more knowledge were more willing to cultivate the variety than men and those with little knowledge, respectively. Factors underlying farmers’ perception about the variety were linked to ethno-cultural background and dislike for yellow root cassava. The need for more female integration and increased nutritional education in the drive towards popularisation of provitamin-A cassava variety are thus recommended.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84918048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examined the effect of climate change adaptation practices on rice farmers’ level of living in North-West, Nigeria. It targeted Sokoto, Kebbi and Zamfara States in the North-West, Nigeria that are among the major rice producing States in the country. A multistage sampling procedure was used to obtain a sample of 522 farmers for the study. The data were obtained with the aid of structured interview schedule were analysed using both descriptive (frequency counts, percentages, ranges and means) and inferential (Chi-square) statistics. Findings of the study reveal that the majority (96%) of the respondents had their income from rice production, within the ₦50,000.00 to N499,999.00 (143 to 1,429 USD) range. The mean rice income was ₦308,742.00 (882 USD). The majority (84.48%) and (77.40%) of the respondents used improved rice varieties and intercropping as climate change adaptation practices, respectively. Other climate change adaptation practices used by the rice farmers included moderate use of fertilizers (93.10%) and other chemicals (89.85%), as well as use of organic manure (99.43%). The farmers also adjusted the planting calendar through early planting (92.34%) and early harvesting (93.10%). Similarly, the majority (89.85%) of the respondents made mounds and ridges across slopes while 96.17% and 89.08% used rivers/streams and dug wells for irrigation. About 51% of the rice farmers spent ₦5,000.00 - ₦370,999.00 of their rice income on vehicles. 54% spent ₦8,000.00 - ₦92,299.00 of their rice income on electronics and only about 14% spent ₦4,000.00 - ₦102,999.00 of their rice income on land and housing. There was a significant (X2 = 258.6325; p < 0.00) relationship between farmers’ use of climate change adaptation practices and their level of living. The study concluded that rice farmers’ use of climate change adaptation practices could lead to improvement in their rice income and level of living. Keywords: Climate change, Adaptation practices, Rice farmers, Level of living
{"title":"Climate Change Adaptation Practices and Rice Farmers’ Level of Living in North-West, Nigeria","authors":"D. Yakubu, J. Akpoko, M. Akinola, Z. Abdulsalam","doi":"10.4314/jae.v24i3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i3.5","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the effect of climate change adaptation practices on rice farmers’ level of living in North-West, Nigeria. It targeted Sokoto, Kebbi and Zamfara States in the North-West, Nigeria that are among the major rice producing States in the country. A multistage sampling procedure was used to obtain a sample of 522 farmers for the study. The data were obtained with the aid of structured interview schedule were analysed using both descriptive (frequency counts, percentages, ranges and means) and inferential (Chi-square) statistics. Findings of the study reveal that the majority (96%) of the respondents had their income from rice production, within the ₦50,000.00 to N499,999.00 (143 to 1,429 USD) range. The mean rice income was ₦308,742.00 (882 USD). The majority (84.48%) and (77.40%) of the respondents used improved rice varieties and intercropping as climate change adaptation practices, respectively. Other climate change adaptation practices used by the rice farmers included moderate use of fertilizers (93.10%) and other chemicals (89.85%), as well as use of organic manure (99.43%). The farmers also adjusted the planting calendar through early planting (92.34%) and early harvesting (93.10%). Similarly, the majority (89.85%) of the respondents made mounds and ridges across slopes while 96.17% and 89.08% used rivers/streams and dug wells for irrigation. About 51% of the rice farmers spent ₦5,000.00 - ₦370,999.00 of their rice income on vehicles. 54% spent ₦8,000.00 - ₦92,299.00 of their rice income on electronics and only about 14% spent ₦4,000.00 - ₦102,999.00 of their rice income on land and housing. There was a significant (X2 = 258.6325; p < 0.00) relationship between farmers’ use of climate change adaptation practices and their level of living. The study concluded that rice farmers’ use of climate change adaptation practices could lead to improvement in their rice income and level of living. \u0000Keywords: Climate change, Adaptation practices, Rice farmers, Level of living","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78905773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. D. Dayou, E. Ajav, K. Zokpodo, A. Bamgboye, L. R. G. Kakaï
This study investigated the factors determining continuous tractor use in Benin. A multi stage sampling procedure was used to select tractor users in the country. A total of 203 households using agricultural machinery were surveyed through interviews and using a structured questionnaire. The information concerned socioeconomic characteristics, the equipment used and agricultural production. The logit model was used for data analysis. About 75% of tractor owners use it for service delivery, while 71.4% of them possess their own land. Continuous use of tractor is significantly influenced by the number of hours for one hectare tilled, the total area tilled per year as well as the tractor age. Moreover, the tractor brands available in the country also influenced tractor use. The hierarchized failures were hydraulic lifting pump (16.4%), fuel filter (14.6%), clutch disc failure (9.9%), breakage of plough (8.8%) and injection pump (7.6%). The future of agricultural equipment use can now be anticipated and take action to deal with any tractor use difficulties for sustainable agricultural extension in Benin. Keywords: Farm machinery, adoption, failure, Benin Republic.
{"title":"Factors Determining Continuous Tractor Use in Benin Republic","authors":"E. D. Dayou, E. Ajav, K. Zokpodo, A. Bamgboye, L. R. G. Kakaï","doi":"10.4314/jae.v24i3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i3.10","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the factors determining continuous tractor use in Benin. A multi stage sampling procedure was used to select tractor users in the country. A total of 203 households using agricultural machinery were surveyed through interviews and using a structured questionnaire. The information concerned socioeconomic characteristics, the equipment used and agricultural production. The logit model was used for data analysis. About 75% of tractor owners use it for service delivery, while 71.4% of them possess their own land. Continuous use of tractor is significantly influenced by the number of hours for one hectare tilled, the total area tilled per year as well as the tractor age. Moreover, the tractor brands available in the country also influenced tractor use. The hierarchized failures were hydraulic lifting pump (16.4%), fuel filter (14.6%), clutch disc failure (9.9%), breakage of plough (8.8%) and injection pump (7.6%). The future of agricultural equipment use can now be anticipated and take action to deal with any tractor use difficulties for sustainable agricultural extension in Benin. \u0000Keywords: Farm machinery, adoption, failure, Benin Republic.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76065860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study assessed division of labour in rice production and processing across gender in Ogun state, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used in sampling 120 rice farmers who are both producers and processors. Primary data were obtained from the respondents with the use of structured interview schedule. Data were analysed using frequency, percentage, charts, mean and t-test statistic. The findings revealed that, in rice production; clearing of farm land (90.0%), de-stumping/packing (98.3%), and tilling of land (98.3%) were mainly carried out by men while women were more involved in activities such as planting (52.5%), weeding (50.8%), bird scaring (69.%), harvesting and packing (74.2%). In rice processing; men performed major activities in milling (95.8%), de-stoning (95.0%) and transportation (91.6%) while women were more involved in threshing (84.2%), sun drying (80.9%), and winnowing (87.5%). The result of t- test showed that, there was significant differences in the average quantity of rice (kg) produced by men and women in year 2012 (t=3.930; p≤0.05), 2013 (t=4.748; p≤0.05), 2014 (t=3.570; p≤0.05) and 2016 (t=3.096); p≤0.05) but there was no significant difference between the average rice produced by men and women (t=0.308; p>0.05) in year 2015. Interventions to address the rice production and processing in major energy require activities (like clearing, milling) should be tailored towards men while low energy activities (like planting, harvesting, marketing) interventions should be tailored towards women in order to enhance high productivity and quality processing. Keywords: gender division of labour, rice production, rice processing
{"title":"Division of Labour in Rice Production and Processing across Gender in Ogun State, Nigeria","authors":"O. M. Akinnagbe, Oluwatoyin Oyekanmi Ayibiowu","doi":"10.4314/jae.v24i3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i3.6","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed division of labour in rice production and processing across gender in Ogun state, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used in sampling 120 rice farmers who are both producers and processors. Primary data were obtained from the respondents with the use of structured interview schedule. Data were analysed using frequency, percentage, charts, mean and t-test statistic. The findings revealed that, in rice production; clearing of farm land (90.0%), de-stumping/packing (98.3%), and tilling of land (98.3%) were mainly carried out by men while women were more involved in activities such as planting (52.5%), weeding (50.8%), bird scaring (69.%), harvesting and packing (74.2%). In rice processing; men performed major activities in milling (95.8%), de-stoning (95.0%) and transportation (91.6%) while women were more involved in threshing (84.2%), sun drying (80.9%), and winnowing (87.5%). The result of t- test showed that, there was significant differences in the average quantity of rice (kg) produced by men and women in year 2012 (t=3.930; p≤0.05), 2013 (t=4.748; p≤0.05), 2014 (t=3.570; p≤0.05) and 2016 (t=3.096); p≤0.05) but there was no significant difference between the average rice produced by men and women (t=0.308; p>0.05) in year 2015. Interventions to address the rice production and processing in major energy require activities (like clearing, milling) should be tailored towards men while low energy activities (like planting, harvesting, marketing) interventions should be tailored towards women in order to enhance high productivity and quality processing. \u0000Keywords: gender division of labour, rice production, rice processing","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84249847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper examined the determinants of well-being status of rice farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. One hundred and eighty-one rice farmers from Karu, Kokona and Doma local government areas were chosen for the study by multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were analyzed using frequency, mean and logit regression model. Rice farmers were satisfied with their well-being status having satisfaction in five out of seven indicators that defined a general well-being. However, indicators of well-being status like safety and future security were not satisfactory. Age, sex, rice yield, income and extension contact had significant and positive influence on the well-being status of the rice farmers. Government and relevant agricultural stakeholders should focus on the key influencing factors in view of improving the well-being status of rice farmers in the study area. Keywords: rice farmers, well-being, future security.
{"title":"Determinants of Well-being Status of Rice Farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"P. Fatoki, B. Ajibola","doi":"10.4314/jae.v24i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examined the determinants of well-being status of rice farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. One hundred and eighty-one rice farmers from Karu, Kokona and Doma local government areas were chosen for the study by multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were analyzed using frequency, mean and logit regression model. Rice farmers were satisfied with their well-being status having satisfaction in five out of seven indicators that defined a general well-being. However, indicators of well-being status like safety and future security were not satisfactory. Age, sex, rice yield, income and extension contact had significant and positive influence on the well-being status of the rice farmers. Government and relevant agricultural stakeholders should focus on the key influencing factors in view of improving the well-being status of rice farmers in the study area. \u0000Keywords: rice farmers, well-being, future security.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77162481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mwaura, S. Wangia, Japheth O. Origa, Lee Ernest Mbatia Oliver
The study examined the influence of socio-economic characteristics of urban extension workers on farmers’ empowerment. Purposive and simple random sampling methods were used to select 64 extension workers by utilizing the Yamane formula. Data were collected by the use of questionnaires. Frequencies, percentiles and multiple linear regressions were utilised to analyse the data. The extension workers’ socio - economic characteristics were found to positively influence the choice of extension methods. The findings revealed that 37.2% of farmer empowerment could be explained by the choice of extension methods influenced by the characteristics of extension workers. However, 49.9% of the extension workers were not aware of the adult learning principles (ALPs) that are employed in the appropriate choice of extension methods. The study recommends that extension workers in Nairobi County be trained in competencies to consider ALPs and information communication and technology (ICT) techniques in choices of extension methods. These competencies can ultimately lead to an extension system design transformation that will assist the few extension workers to serve more farmers efficiently and effectively leading to farmer empowerment. Key words: Extension worker characteristics, farmer empowerment, Nairobi, urban and peri-urban agriculture.
{"title":"Socio- Economic Characteristics of Urban Extension Workers Influencing Empowerment of Farmers in Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"M. Mwaura, S. Wangia, Japheth O. Origa, Lee Ernest Mbatia Oliver","doi":"10.4314/JAE.V24I2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAE.V24I2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the influence of socio-economic characteristics of urban extension workers on farmers’ empowerment. Purposive and simple random sampling methods were used to select 64 extension workers by utilizing the Yamane formula. Data were collected by the use of questionnaires. Frequencies, percentiles and multiple linear regressions were utilised to analyse the data. The extension workers’ socio - economic characteristics were found to positively influence the choice of extension methods. The findings revealed that 37.2% of farmer empowerment could be explained by the choice of extension methods influenced by the characteristics of extension workers. However, 49.9% of the extension workers were not aware of the adult learning principles (ALPs) that are employed in the appropriate choice of extension methods. The study recommends that extension workers in Nairobi County be trained in competencies to consider ALPs and information communication and technology (ICT) techniques in choices of extension methods. These competencies can ultimately lead to an extension system design transformation that will assist the few extension workers to serve more farmers efficiently and effectively leading to farmer empowerment. \u0000Key words: Extension worker characteristics, farmer empowerment, Nairobi, urban and peri-urban agriculture.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76434430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study examined the adoption of water conservation practices and challenges encountered by smallholder farmers in water resource conservation in Enyibe, Ermelo South Africa. The data were collected using structured questionnaires, observation and focus group discussion. Frequency, mean and logistics regression were used for data analysis. Age (β=1.238), sex (β=-1.497), level of education (β=-1.062), access to irrigation facilities (β=1.690), payment of water tariff (β=1.369) and agricultural extension advice (β=-.631) were significant and associated with adoption of water conservation practice. The identified constraints in the adoption process were inadequate technical guidelines, financial, government policies, and inadequate knowledge of water conservation practices. There is need to improve information, showcase the benefits of water conservation, and ensure maintenance of water conservation infrastructure. Concerted effort must be made to establish robust database on water resource conservation and sources of water utilised in the area. Keywords: Sustainable, water conservation, constraints, adoption
{"title":"Sustainable Water Conservation Practices and Challenges among Smallholder Farmers in Enyibe Ermelo Mpumalanga Province, South Africa","authors":"A. I. Agholor, N. Mzwakhe","doi":"10.4314/JAE.V24I2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/JAE.V24I2.12","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the adoption of water conservation practices and challenges encountered by smallholder farmers in water resource conservation in Enyibe, Ermelo South Africa. The data were collected using structured questionnaires, observation and focus group discussion. Frequency, mean and logistics regression were used for data analysis. Age (β=1.238), sex (β=-1.497), level of education (β=-1.062), access to irrigation facilities (β=1.690), payment of water tariff (β=1.369) and agricultural extension advice (β=-.631) were significant and associated with adoption of water conservation practice. The identified constraints in the adoption process were inadequate technical guidelines, financial, government policies, and inadequate knowledge of water conservation practices. There is need to improve information, showcase the benefits of water conservation, and ensure maintenance of water conservation infrastructure. Concerted effort must be made to establish robust database on water resource conservation and sources of water utilised in the area. \u0000Keywords: Sustainable, water conservation, constraints, adoption","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86741176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. F. Ayinde, O. Fapojuwo, A. Soetan, Muhammed O. Suleiman, Alexander O. Adeyinka
This study assessed the effects of social media on researchers’ work attitude at IITA, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Proportionate sampling technique was used to select 82 respondents for the study through the use of questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using percentage, Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Results showed that the frequently used media on a daily basis, were emails (87.7%), Facebook (76.6%) and WhatsApp (71.6%) while Skype (24.7%) and Twitter (21.0%) were used on weekly basis. Researchers used social media to source for journals (14.8%), collaborative research (38.2%) and connection with families and friends (41.9%) as well as for online dating (7.4%). Furthermore, 38.0% of the respondents accessed social media from their departmental office, personal office (29.7%) and their individual homes (13.6%). Researchers agreed that social media were essential office tools (37.0%), retarded their work (3.7%) as well as wasted their time (1.2%). Chi-square analysis showed that there was significant relationship between the usage of social media and religion (χ 2=8.336, p≤0.05), marital status (χ2=14.81, p≤0.05) and rank/cadre of respondents (χ 2 =23.03, p≤0.05) while PPMC analysis results showed a significant relationship between social media usage and age (R = -0.245, p≤0.05) as well as work experience (R= -0.33, p≤0.005). Social media has both positive and negative effects on researchers’ attitude to work. Social media usage should be controlled during working hours to improve the positive attitude of researchers towards work at IITA. Key Words: Social media, work attitude, researchers.
{"title":"Effects of Social Media on Researchers’ Attitude to Work at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"A. F. Ayinde, O. Fapojuwo, A. Soetan, Muhammed O. Suleiman, Alexander O. Adeyinka","doi":"10.4314/jae.v24i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v24i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the effects of social media on researchers’ work attitude at IITA, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Proportionate sampling technique was used to select 82 respondents for the study through the use of questionnaire. Data collected were analysed using percentage, Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Results showed that the frequently used media on a daily basis, were emails (87.7%), Facebook (76.6%) and WhatsApp (71.6%) while Skype (24.7%) and Twitter (21.0%) were used on weekly basis. Researchers used social media to source for journals (14.8%), collaborative research (38.2%) and connection with families and friends (41.9%) as well as for online dating (7.4%). Furthermore, 38.0% of the respondents accessed social media from their departmental office, personal office (29.7%) and their individual homes (13.6%). Researchers agreed that social media were essential office tools (37.0%), retarded their work (3.7%) as well as wasted their time (1.2%). Chi-square analysis showed that there was significant relationship between the usage of social media and religion (χ 2=8.336, p≤0.05), marital status (χ2=14.81, p≤0.05) and rank/cadre of respondents (χ 2 =23.03, p≤0.05) while PPMC analysis results showed a significant relationship between social media usage and age (R = -0.245, p≤0.05) as well as work experience (R= -0.33, p≤0.005). Social media has both positive and negative effects on researchers’ attitude to work. Social media usage should be controlled during working hours to improve the positive attitude of researchers towards work at IITA. \u0000Key Words: Social media, work attitude, researchers.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81073170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.33687/ijae.008.01.3010
Dereje Tulu
Backyard poultry production has been a long-established husbandry practice in Ethiopia. It is estimated that Ethiopia’s backyard poultry population is about 53.31 million. The productivity of backyard poultry is constrained by disease outbreak especially Newcastle disease. Newcastle disease is an endemic, highly contiguous, viral disease that affects birds in both intensive and extensive production system. Vaccination against Newcastle disease has been established as one of the many interventions’ strategies, geared towards the control of Newcastle disease outbreaks in these flock. Currently, in Ethiopia, four types of Newcastle disease vaccines (HB1, Lasota, IOENDV, and Thermo-stable–12 vaccine) are used for the control of Newcastle disease. The application of conventional vaccination strategy for the control of Newcastle disease has been effectively utilized in intensive poultry production system. However, these conventional vaccination strategies against Newcastle disease outbreaks have not been fully optimized in backyard poultry production. Consequently, the application of thermo-stable vaccine in the form of feed baits seems to be the most appropriate method for effective control of Newcastle disease in village backyard poultry. Many kinds of feed stuff have been tested as a carrier of the vaccine virus; some have been proved unsuitable, while others are relatively suitable. The proper application of vaccine and vaccination programs together with other measures like sanitation, good nutrition, high level of management in most of the commercial poultry farms in Ethiopia and avoiding of concurrent infections, the occurrence of Newcastle disease outbreaks is rarely reported.
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Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.33687/ijae.008.01.3069
A. A. Getahun
This review paper analyses the challenge and opportunities of information and communication technologies for dissemination of agricultural information in Ethiopia. Understanding the challenges and opportunities of information and communication technologies enables to solve the problem of information problem to smallholder farmers. The data was collected, assessed and reviewed from recent secondary data sources from Central statistical agency, and scholarly articles published on the issue of information and communication technology in agriculture (ICT 4 Ag).Compared to the other sector like governance, health and education sectors, ICT-adoption in the agricultural sector has started relatively late in Ethiopia. Even though it is in infant stage, there are many agricultural ICT related service and application in Ethiopia. The current radical penetration of ICTs like mobile phone, website, social media and other internet/online services brings an immense prospect to farmers to create, share, store, process, interpret and preserve agricultural information and knowledge. ICT related agricultural extension system is the solely choice for dissemination of agricultural knowledge and information. Ethiopia is the country which has more than 65000 extension personnel for agricultural extension. But this extension system is not sustainable since it is very costly and inefficient. Thus, agricultural extension policy and intervention should focus on ICT based extension system.
{"title":"Challenges and opportunities of information and communication technologies for dissemination of agricultural information in Ethiopia","authors":"A. A. Getahun","doi":"10.33687/ijae.008.01.3069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33687/ijae.008.01.3069","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper analyses the challenge and opportunities of information and communication technologies for dissemination of agricultural information in Ethiopia. Understanding the challenges and opportunities of information and communication technologies enables to solve the problem of information problem to smallholder farmers. The data was collected, assessed and reviewed from recent secondary data sources from Central statistical agency, and scholarly articles published on the issue of information and communication technology in agriculture (ICT 4 Ag).Compared to the other sector like governance, health and education sectors, ICT-adoption in the agricultural sector has started relatively late in Ethiopia. Even though it is in infant stage, there are many agricultural ICT related service and application in Ethiopia. The current radical penetration of ICTs like mobile phone, website, social media and other internet/online services brings an immense prospect to farmers to create, share, store, process, interpret and preserve agricultural information and knowledge. ICT related agricultural extension system is the solely choice for dissemination of agricultural knowledge and information. Ethiopia is the country which has more than 65000 extension personnel for agricultural extension. But this extension system is not sustainable since it is very costly and inefficient. Thus, agricultural extension policy and intervention should focus on ICT based extension system.","PeriodicalId":22617,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Agricultural Extension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85112034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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