Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2684-1266.21.7.E106
S. Vale
{"title":"Types, Symptoms and Stages of Pancreatic Cancer","authors":"S. Vale","doi":"10.35248/2684-1266.21.7.E106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2684-1266.21.7.E106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88395577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2684-1266.21.7.133
Anas Alsharawneh
{"title":"Merkel Cell Carcinoma: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment","authors":"Anas Alsharawneh","doi":"10.35248/2684-1266.21.7.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2684-1266.21.7.133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88342207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.12677/WJCR.2021.112006
郝 园园
{"title":"Research Progress of Epstein Barr Virus Associated Lymphoma","authors":"郝 园园","doi":"10.12677/WJCR.2021.112006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/WJCR.2021.112006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"235 1","pages":"38-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75749214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2684-1266.21.S2.002
T. Michelakos
{"title":"An Origin of Cutaneous Structure","authors":"T. Michelakos","doi":"10.35248/2684-1266.21.S2.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2684-1266.21.S2.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73022508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2684-1266.21.7.129
Vinay Krupadev, Joshua Kirbens, Amina Rafique
Objective: The aim of this study is to highlight the hospital course of a pediatric patient with concurrent sickle cell trait, alpha thalassemia, and G6PD deficiency. Methods: The patient’s direct bilirubin remained less than 0.2 mg/dl throughout his hospitalization but his total bilirubin peaked at 18.7 mg/dl at 84 hours of life. While the patient’s bilirubin levels decreased after this, the decline was not as rapid as anticipated so a peripheral smear was performed which showed spherocytosis. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was also conducted just prior to discharge after the patient’s hyperbilirubinemia had resolved. Results: The results of the patient’s hemoglobin electrophoresis revealed that the patient was a sickle cell trait carrier and also showed evidence of trace Hb Barts consistent with alpha thalassemia. In addition, given the patient’s peripheral smear showing spherocytosis, G6PD levels were also assessed and found to be low consistent with mild to moderate G6PD deficiency. The patient’s family was educated about precautions to take to reduce the risk of excessive oxidative stress that could precipitate acute hemolytic anemia episodes in the future. Conclusion: The concurrent presentation of sickle cell trait, alpha thalassemia, and G6PD deficiency is rare and it is theorized that each trait respectively confers an evolutionary advantage against malaria.
{"title":"A Case of Concurrent Sickle Cell Trait, Alpha Thalassemia, and G6PD Deficiency in a Pediatric Patient","authors":"Vinay Krupadev, Joshua Kirbens, Amina Rafique","doi":"10.35248/2684-1266.21.7.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2684-1266.21.7.129","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study is to highlight the hospital course of a pediatric patient with concurrent sickle cell trait, alpha thalassemia, and G6PD deficiency. Methods: The patient’s direct bilirubin remained less than 0.2 mg/dl throughout his hospitalization but his total bilirubin peaked at 18.7 mg/dl at 84 hours of life. While the patient’s bilirubin levels decreased after this, the decline was not as rapid as anticipated so a peripheral smear was performed which showed spherocytosis. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was also conducted just prior to discharge after the patient’s hyperbilirubinemia had resolved. Results: The results of the patient’s hemoglobin electrophoresis revealed that the patient was a sickle cell trait carrier and also showed evidence of trace Hb Barts consistent with alpha thalassemia. In addition, given the patient’s peripheral smear showing spherocytosis, G6PD levels were also assessed and found to be low consistent with mild to moderate G6PD deficiency. The patient’s family was educated about precautions to take to reduce the risk of excessive oxidative stress that could precipitate acute hemolytic anemia episodes in the future. Conclusion: The concurrent presentation of sickle cell trait, alpha thalassemia, and G6PD deficiency is rare and it is theorized that each trait respectively confers an evolutionary advantage against malaria.","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81863710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Hounguè, Terence Totah, S. George, J. Olory-Togbé, C. D. Capo-chichi
Introduction: Breast-Cancer gene 1(BRCA1) encodes for protein which has many cellular functions including DNA damage repair and maintenance of genome integrity. Malfunction or deficiency of BRCA1 protein, due to mutations or epigenetic inactivation, may provoke breast epithelial cell dedifferentiation and initiate cancer. In fact, mutants of BRCA1 predispose to breast and ovarian cancers. In the past this biomarker was not investigated for breast cancer prevention and care in Benin. The aim of our work is to assess the expression pattern of BRCA1 gene and protein in precancerous and cancerous breast tissue microbiopsies to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying BRCA1 protein suppression and potentiate prognosis and targeted personalized therapy in Benin. Method: This study obtains the institutional ethical approval. Microbiopsy tissues (n = 54) were collected in the Visceral surgery department of the National University Hospital Center HKM (CNHU-HKM) located in the city of Cotonou (Benin) for diagnosis and prognosis purposes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technic with primers targeting Exon 1 and Exon 2 of BRCA1 was used to assess gene transcription capability. Immunoblotting was used to determine BRCA1 protein profile in breast cancer tissue microbiopsy lysates. Ethical approval was obtained for this study. Kaplan–Meier curves analysis was performed to determine the median survival time according to BRCA1 gene and protein patterns. Results: We observed that 87% of samples had lost the expression of BRCA1 protein. Among them, 78% of the loss was not associated to gene deletion. The disparity between the presence of the BRCA1 gene and the lack of protein expression suggested that the silencing of BRCA1 may be due to epigenetic inactivation in most patients. Ultimately, Kaplan Meyer’s survival curve analysis showed that the lack of BRCA1 amplification at Exon 1 or Exon 2 diminished the median survival time of cancer patients to 20 months. Conclusion: BRCA1 protein translation is impaired by Exon 1 or Exon 2 mutation /deletion along with epigenetic inactivation in breast cancer; all together influences median survival time. The delineation of the molecular mechanism underlying BRCA1 gene inactivation leading to protein deficiency will be an excellent molecular tool for African breast cancer prognostic and personalized targeted therapy in the future.
{"title":"BRCA1 Protein Deficiency in Breast Cancer Microbiopsy Lysate Delineates Patient Survival Time","authors":"Sara Hounguè, Terence Totah, S. George, J. Olory-Togbé, C. D. Capo-chichi","doi":"10.12691/JCRT-9-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/JCRT-9-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Breast-Cancer gene 1(BRCA1) encodes for protein which has many cellular functions including DNA damage repair and maintenance of genome integrity. Malfunction or deficiency of BRCA1 protein, due to mutations or epigenetic inactivation, may provoke breast epithelial cell dedifferentiation and initiate cancer. In fact, mutants of BRCA1 predispose to breast and ovarian cancers. In the past this biomarker was not investigated for breast cancer prevention and care in Benin. The aim of our work is to assess the expression pattern of BRCA1 gene and protein in precancerous and cancerous breast tissue microbiopsies to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying BRCA1 protein suppression and potentiate prognosis and targeted personalized therapy in Benin. Method: This study obtains the institutional ethical approval. Microbiopsy tissues (n = 54) were collected in the Visceral surgery department of the National University Hospital Center HKM (CNHU-HKM) located in the city of Cotonou (Benin) for diagnosis and prognosis purposes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technic with primers targeting Exon 1 and Exon 2 of BRCA1 was used to assess gene transcription capability. Immunoblotting was used to determine BRCA1 protein profile in breast cancer tissue microbiopsy lysates. Ethical approval was obtained for this study. Kaplan–Meier curves analysis was performed to determine the median survival time according to BRCA1 gene and protein patterns. Results: We observed that 87% of samples had lost the expression of BRCA1 protein. Among them, 78% of the loss was not associated to gene deletion. The disparity between the presence of the BRCA1 gene and the lack of protein expression suggested that the silencing of BRCA1 may be due to epigenetic inactivation in most patients. Ultimately, Kaplan Meyer’s survival curve analysis showed that the lack of BRCA1 amplification at Exon 1 or Exon 2 diminished the median survival time of cancer patients to 20 months. Conclusion: BRCA1 protein translation is impaired by Exon 1 or Exon 2 mutation /deletion along with epigenetic inactivation in breast cancer; all together influences median survival time. The delineation of the molecular mechanism underlying BRCA1 gene inactivation leading to protein deficiency will be an excellent molecular tool for African breast cancer prognostic and personalized targeted therapy in the future.","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79622410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is a major concern in modern India. The growing population of the patients and the increased death toll require immediate attention from the scientific and medical community. Patientsi¯ age, socio-economic condition, and disease awareness play vital roles in the disease onset and progression. In this study, we have conducted a rigorous survey between 2012 and 2014 and investigated all possible contexts in relevance to the disease. From socio-economic to clinical and histopathological relevance were explored. Detail analysis was done for 112 patients. Our data shows Indian scenario having differences not only in stage at presentation with poorer survival but also that the age at presentation is almost a decade earlier than western studies. Only 8% of the participant patients were found to be nulliparous. Very few patients (11.60%) were found to be linked with the disease hereditarily. Statistical co-relation was found between ER status, PR status, lymph nodes, and age of the patients. Our study has shown similarity with the earlier studies as well as dissimilarity in certain facts. We expect this study will increase the present understanding of breast cancer in India.
{"title":"A Prospective Observational Study of the Correlation between Hormone Receptor Status and Other Prognostic Factors in Carcinoma Breast in a Rural Set Up in Central India","authors":"R. Gore, Tanweerul Huda, B. Pandya","doi":"10.12691/JCRT-8-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/JCRT-8-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is a major concern in modern India. The growing population of the patients and the increased death toll require immediate attention from the scientific and medical community. Patientsi¯ age, socio-economic condition, and disease awareness play vital roles in the disease onset and progression. In this study, we have conducted a rigorous survey between 2012 and 2014 and investigated all possible contexts in relevance to the disease. From socio-economic to clinical and histopathological relevance were explored. Detail analysis was done for 112 patients. Our data shows Indian scenario having differences not only in stage at presentation with poorer survival but also that the age at presentation is almost a decade earlier than western studies. Only 8% of the participant patients were found to be nulliparous. Very few patients (11.60%) were found to be linked with the disease hereditarily. Statistical co-relation was found between ER status, PR status, lymph nodes, and age of the patients. Our study has shown similarity with the earlier studies as well as dissimilarity in certain facts. We expect this study will increase the present understanding of breast cancer in India.","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"91 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86269810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resistance to the anticancer agents is a complex process that mainly results from alteration in the targets of the chemotherapeutic agents. Mechanisms that underlie resistance to the anticancer agents include inactivation of the drug, inhibition of cellular apoptosis, changes in the metabolic pathways of the drug, increased expression of the efflux proteins and enhancement of DNA repair and gene amplification. Several strategies were developed to overcome this resistance. The use of the combination chemotherapy is the best option for drug resistant types of cancer. This review throws light on resistance of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agents in view of the recent trends.
{"title":"Resistance to Anticancer Agents: Recent Trends","authors":"Ahmed M. Kabel, M. A. A. Elmaaboud","doi":"10.12691/JCRT-8-2-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/JCRT-8-2-1","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance to the anticancer agents is a complex process that mainly results from alteration in the targets of the chemotherapeutic agents. Mechanisms that underlie resistance to the anticancer agents include inactivation of the drug, inhibition of cellular apoptosis, changes in the metabolic pathways of the drug, increased expression of the efflux proteins and enhancement of DNA repair and gene amplification. Several strategies were developed to overcome this resistance. The use of the combination chemotherapy is the best option for drug resistant types of cancer. This review throws light on resistance of cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agents in view of the recent trends.","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"91 1","pages":"11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86637087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thyroid carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system worldwide. Over the recent years, there has been a significant increase in the newly reported cases of thyroid cancer which may be attributed to the wide use of imaging techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of human diseases. Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type of thyroid malignancies. Lines of treatment include total thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine therapy, and molecular-targeted therapies. Prognosis of thyroid carcinoma depend on many factors including age of the patient, the tumor type and its stage at the time of diagnosis of the disease. This review sheds light on carcinoma of the thyroid gland in view of the recent trends regarding its prevalence, risk factors, types, clinical picture, methods of diagnosis and possible lines of management.
{"title":"Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland: Insights into Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Possible Lines of Management","authors":"Ahmed M. Kabel, M. A. A. Elmaaboud, A. Marghalani","doi":"10.12691/JCRT-8-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/JCRT-8-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system worldwide. Over the recent years, there has been a significant increase in the newly reported cases of thyroid cancer which may be attributed to the wide use of imaging techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide range of human diseases. Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type of thyroid malignancies. Lines of treatment include total thyroidectomy, radioactive iodine therapy, and molecular-targeted therapies. Prognosis of thyroid carcinoma depend on many factors including age of the patient, the tumor type and its stage at the time of diagnosis of the disease. This review sheds light on carcinoma of the thyroid gland in view of the recent trends regarding its prevalence, risk factors, types, clinical picture, methods of diagnosis and possible lines of management.","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91165194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanuel Eilu, A. Aliero, Martin Odoki, Julius Tibyangye, S. Akinola, Ibrahim Ntulume, O. David, M. Okech, C. Kato
Cervical malignancy is still the leading cause of death for middle-aged women in the developing world. In Uganda, literature has shown that, cervical cancer incidence and death rates was 45.6 and 25 per 100,000 women respectively. However, the actual magnitude of cervical malignancy in Uganda might be higher since most of the cases are never reported. This study assessed the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among women from hospitals in Eastern Uganda. This was a longitudinal study, with follow-up until diagnosis of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). One thousand and seventy seven women aged 15-55 years were recruited into the study. Pap-smear tests were conducted on all study participants. Women who had abnormal cytology were referred for immediate colposcopic and histological assessment. Surveillance was maintained on these women, and treatment postponed, until there was histological evidence of high-grade CIN (CIN2 or CIN3). At that point women were treated. Those that were pap smear negative were advised to return for screening for three consecutive negative smears before they were allowed to leave the study. Factors associated with cervical cancer were obtained by use of questionnaires. The general prevalence of CIN among women in Eastern Uganda was 416/1077 (38.6%). Two hundred and fourteen, 214/1077(19.9%) had severe CIN3, 180/1077(16.7%) had moderate CIN2, and 22/1077(2.0%) had mild CIN1. Older women aged 45-55-years were frequently diagnosed with the advanced disease stage as compared with young adults aged 15-24 who were less commonly diagnosed with the disease. The study showed that age, use of contraceptives, history of STI and HIV status had statistical significant association with development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among the studied participants. There is need for routine surveillance of precancerous lesions and treatment in a timely manner. Key words: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, risk factors, cervical cancer.
{"title":"Prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and its associated factors among women attending healthcare services in Eastern Uganda","authors":"Emmanuel Eilu, A. Aliero, Martin Odoki, Julius Tibyangye, S. Akinola, Ibrahim Ntulume, O. David, M. Okech, C. Kato","doi":"10.5897/JCREO2020.0167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCREO2020.0167","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical malignancy is still the leading cause of death for middle-aged women in the developing world. In Uganda, literature has shown that, cervical cancer incidence and death rates was 45.6 and 25 per 100,000 women respectively. However, the actual magnitude of cervical malignancy in Uganda might be higher since most of the cases are never reported. This study assessed the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among women from hospitals in Eastern Uganda. This was a longitudinal study, with follow-up until diagnosis of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). One thousand and seventy seven women aged 15-55 years were recruited into the study. Pap-smear tests were conducted on all study participants. Women who had abnormal cytology were referred for immediate colposcopic and histological assessment. Surveillance was maintained on these women, and treatment postponed, until there was histological evidence of high-grade CIN (CIN2 or CIN3). At that point women were treated. Those that were pap smear negative were advised to return for screening for three consecutive negative smears before they were allowed to leave the study. Factors associated with cervical cancer were obtained by use of questionnaires. The general prevalence of CIN among women in Eastern Uganda was 416/1077 (38.6%). Two hundred and fourteen, 214/1077(19.9%) had severe CIN3, 180/1077(16.7%) had moderate CIN2, and 22/1077(2.0%) had mild CIN1. Older women aged 45-55-years were frequently diagnosed with the advanced disease stage as compared with young adults aged 15-24 who were less commonly diagnosed with the disease. The study showed that age, use of contraceptives, history of STI and HIV status had statistical significant association with development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among the studied participants. There is need for routine surveillance of precancerous lesions and treatment in a timely manner. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, risk factors, cervical cancer.","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77461662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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