Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.12677/wjcr.2020.101002
琳琳 刘
{"title":"Research Progress of miRNA in Multiple Myeloma","authors":"琳琳 刘","doi":"10.12677/wjcr.2020.101002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/wjcr.2020.101002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"26 1","pages":"10-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72718590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.123
Xiaowei Liu
A carcinogen is any substance which can arise in both natural and synthetic substances, radionuclide or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis and formation of cancer. This is due to the ability to damage the genome or to the disruption of cellular metabolic processes. Radioactive substances are considered as carcinogens, but their carcinogenic activity is related to the radiation, example gamma rays and alpha particles. Some examples of nonradioactive carcinogens are inhaled asbestos, certain dioxins and tobacco smoke. Carcinogens are not immediately toxic thus their effect can be in a gradual way.
{"title":"Exposure to Carcinogens and its effects in the Formation of Cancer","authors":"Xiaowei Liu","doi":"10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.123","url":null,"abstract":"A carcinogen is any substance which can arise in both natural and synthetic substances, radionuclide or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis and formation of cancer. This is due to the ability to damage the genome or to the disruption of cellular metabolic processes. Radioactive substances are considered as carcinogens, but their carcinogenic activity is related to the radiation, example gamma rays and alpha particles. Some examples of nonradioactive carcinogens are inhaled asbestos, certain dioxins and tobacco smoke. Carcinogens are not immediately toxic thus their effect can be in a gradual way.","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"353 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76471283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.125
V. Herlea, Alex, R. Roşulescu, Andreea Iorgescu, S. Dima, T. Dumitrașcu, V. Brașoveanu, C. Stroescu, CatalinVasilescu, I. Popescu
Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most frequent tumors with mesenchymal origin at the level of the digestive tract. Assessment of intratumoral immune cells can provide valuable prognostic information and may contribute to the development of targeted immune therapies for selected cases. Here in we evaluated the inflammatory infiltrate in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, the ratios between cytotoxic and helper T cells and their prognostic significance. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 25 cases of GISTs and extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs). Immunohistochemical testing for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD68 was performed to emphasize the immune cells. Inflammatory cells were quantified with the help of ImageJ software. Statistical analysis was performed to search for correlation between the immune response and clinical-pathological and prognostic variables. Results: GISTs were in all cases infiltrated with immune cells in variable amount. The pattern of distribution was diffuse or in aggregates, most frequent around blood vessels. Gastric tumors had the largest amount of inflammatory infiltrate and EGISTs the lowest. The dominant intratumoral immune cells were represented by lymphocytes, with fewer plasma cells, histiocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and mast cells. CD3+ lymphocytes were the most common subtype. In 9 cases the CD8+/CD4+ ratio was subunitary. An increased number of histiocytes were associated with a high risk of disease progression. No other correlation between immune cells and other prognostic factors were established. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors represent the site of complex interactions between various types of immune cells and neoplastic cells. Accumulation of CD68+ cells correlates with high risk GISTs. Our paper provides an overview on the inflammation in this tumor type and further studies are necessary for more comprehensive results.
{"title":"The Immune Response in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors","authors":"V. Herlea, Alex, R. Roşulescu, Andreea Iorgescu, S. Dima, T. Dumitrașcu, V. Brașoveanu, C. Stroescu, CatalinVasilescu, I. Popescu","doi":"10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.125","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most frequent tumors with mesenchymal origin at the level of the digestive tract. Assessment of intratumoral immune cells can provide valuable prognostic information and may contribute to the development of targeted immune therapies for selected cases. Here in we evaluated the inflammatory infiltrate in gastrointestinal stromal tumors, the ratios between cytotoxic and helper T cells and their prognostic significance. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 25 cases of GISTs and extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGISTs). Immunohistochemical testing for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD68 was performed to emphasize the immune cells. Inflammatory cells were quantified with the help of ImageJ software. Statistical analysis was performed to search for correlation between the immune response and clinical-pathological and prognostic variables. Results: GISTs were in all cases infiltrated with immune cells in variable amount. The pattern of distribution was diffuse or in aggregates, most frequent around blood vessels. Gastric tumors had the largest amount of inflammatory infiltrate and EGISTs the lowest. The dominant intratumoral immune cells were represented by lymphocytes, with fewer plasma cells, histiocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and mast cells. CD3+ lymphocytes were the most common subtype. In 9 cases the CD8+/CD4+ ratio was subunitary. An increased number of histiocytes were associated with a high risk of disease progression. No other correlation between immune cells and other prognostic factors were established. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors represent the site of complex interactions between various types of immune cells and neoplastic cells. Accumulation of CD68+ cells correlates with high risk GISTs. Our paper provides an overview on the inflammation in this tumor type and further studies are necessary for more comprehensive results.","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79203922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.E102
Xiaowei Liu
{"title":"Innovations in Cancer Research and Immuno-Oncology","authors":"Xiaowei Liu","doi":"10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.E102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.E102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"78 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83748796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.E103
T. Michelakos
On behalf of the Board of the Journal of Cancer Research and Immuno-oncology and co-editors, I am glad to present the Volume 6, Issue 2 of the journal. Journal of Cancer Research and Immuno-oncology is an open access peer review journal in the field of cancer research. The journal is established in 2015 has now published 8 issues; three issues in a year. Journal of Cancer Research and Immuno-Oncology is having International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) of 2684-1266. The journal is indexed and abstracted in refSeek, Hamdard University, EBSCO A-Z. Average download per article is increasing and all these are promising signs. Now we are in this stage only through the continuous support of Editorial Board Members and intellectual generosity of the readers and contributors (authors and reviewers).
{"title":"Current updates in Cancer and Immuno-oncology","authors":"T. Michelakos","doi":"10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.E103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.E103","url":null,"abstract":"On behalf of the Board of the Journal of Cancer Research and Immuno-oncology and co-editors, I am glad to present the Volume 6, Issue 2 of the journal. Journal of Cancer Research and Immuno-oncology is an open access peer review journal in the field of cancer research. The journal is established in 2015 has now published 8 issues; three issues in a year. Journal of Cancer Research and Immuno-Oncology is having International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) of 2684-1266. The journal is indexed and abstracted in refSeek, Hamdard University, EBSCO A-Z. Average download per article is increasing and all these are promising signs. Now we are in this stage only through the continuous support of Editorial Board Members and intellectual generosity of the readers and contributors (authors and reviewers).","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83915378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.12677/wjcr.2020.101001
龙扬 蒋
{"title":"The Safety and Efficacy of Lipiodol with or without Ethanol Chemoembolization in the Treatment of Advanced Hepatocellular","authors":"龙扬 蒋","doi":"10.12677/wjcr.2020.101001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12677/wjcr.2020.101001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91517365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.120
S. Choudhury
Background: The X chromosome encoded FOXP3 gene is a unique regulator of the T-cell differentiation and immunosuppressive function. The nuclear transcription factor FOXP3 gene regulates lineage-specific differentiation in the Treg crucially maintenance of the immune homeostasis. The regulatory T-cell (Treg or CD4+ cells) play a role in the immune response for self-antigens, allergens, and tumours. However, FOXP3 gene function is inconsistent in tumorigenesis such as tumour-suppressive and tumour-promoting. A recent report suggested the FOXP3 gene repress tumorigenesis per effects on proliferation and apoptosis. Objective: My objective was to investigate the FOXP3 gene from the FOX family in between Homo sapiens and Musmusculus. The study of the FOXP3 gene is currently mandatory to explore the molecular mechanisms of the Treg differentiation and immunosuppressive function in a particular organism. Methods: I perform bioinformatics and computational tools and technique to the current knowledge of the FOX family in the mammalian genome. My procedure may be useful for future functional analysis of specific gene family in particular organisms. Results: In this study, I conducted a compressive genome-wide survey of the FOX family in mammals. My findings documented the FOX family play an essential role during development. The functional regulation of the FOXP3 gene exhibits tumour suppressor activity. The specific structure, domain, motifs, phylogeny, gene expression, and chromosome locationanalysis suggested that the FOXP3 gene is a T-cell dependent gene. Conclusion: My analysis data concluded the FOX family plays a crucial role during development. In contrast, the restricted expression of the FOXP3 gene in the T-cell is an immune-privileged. The ultimate function of the FOXP3 gene in tumour cells may represent a novel mechanism in the immune system.
{"title":"In Silico Analysis of the FOXP3 Transcription Factor Associated with T-Cell Oncogenesis","authors":"S. Choudhury","doi":"10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2684-1266.20.6.120","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The X chromosome encoded FOXP3 gene is a unique regulator of the T-cell differentiation and immunosuppressive function. The nuclear transcription factor FOXP3 gene regulates lineage-specific differentiation in the Treg crucially maintenance of the immune homeostasis. The regulatory T-cell (Treg or CD4+ cells) play a role in the immune response for self-antigens, allergens, and tumours. However, FOXP3 gene function is inconsistent in tumorigenesis such as tumour-suppressive and tumour-promoting. A recent report suggested the FOXP3 gene repress tumorigenesis per effects on proliferation and apoptosis. Objective: My objective was to investigate the FOXP3 gene from the FOX family in between Homo sapiens and Musmusculus. The study of the FOXP3 gene is currently mandatory to explore the molecular mechanisms of the Treg differentiation and immunosuppressive function in a particular organism. Methods: I perform bioinformatics and computational tools and technique to the current knowledge of the FOX family in the mammalian genome. My procedure may be useful for future functional analysis of specific gene family in particular organisms. Results: In this study, I conducted a compressive genome-wide survey of the FOX family in mammals. My findings documented the FOX family play an essential role during development. The functional regulation of the FOXP3 gene exhibits tumour suppressor activity. The specific structure, domain, motifs, phylogeny, gene expression, and chromosome locationanalysis suggested that the FOXP3 gene is a T-cell dependent gene. Conclusion: My analysis data concluded the FOX family plays a crucial role during development. In contrast, the restricted expression of the FOXP3 gene in the T-cell is an immune-privileged. The ultimate function of the FOXP3 gene in tumour cells may represent a novel mechanism in the immune system.","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87813307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) can give an idea about the nodal status with high accuracy. Objective: To assess the effect of breast cancer location on SLNB accuracy regarding identification rate (IR), accuracy rate and false negativity rate (FNR). Methods: Breast cancer patients with positive axilla who were scheduled for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) were included. They were randomly allocated into two groups: Group I (G I) included patients with laterally located breast cancer while Group II (G II) included patients with medially located breast cancer. Four ml of Methylene blue (1%) was injected in the peritumoral tissue. SLNB was taken for histopathological examination while ALND was completed in all cases. SLN IR, FNR and accuracy rate were assessed in both groups. Results: This study included 104 female patients; 63 (60.6%) in GI whereas 41(39.4%) in GII. SLN identification was done successfully in 92% in G I and 87.8% in G II with no significant difference. In G I; Out of the 58 patients in whom SLN was identified; SLN was positive in 54 (93.1%) cases and negative in 4(6.9%) cases while in G II; SLN was positive in 31 out of 36 (86.1%) cases and negative in 5 (13.9%) cases with no significant difference regarding SLN accuracy or FNR. Conclusion: The tumor location doesn’t affect axillary SLNB regarding identification rate, accuracy rate and false negativity rate. Methylene blue alone is still efficacious in SLNB lymphatic mapping especially in developing countries because of its low cost.
{"title":"Does The Tumor Location Affect The Accuracy of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy In Breast Cancer? A Single Institute Experience","authors":"R. Ramadan, Ahmed Talha","doi":"10.12691/JCRT-7-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/JCRT-7-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) can give an idea about the nodal status with high accuracy. Objective: To assess the effect of breast cancer location on SLNB accuracy regarding identification rate (IR), accuracy rate and false negativity rate (FNR). Methods: Breast cancer patients with positive axilla who were scheduled for axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) were included. They were randomly allocated into two groups: Group I (G I) included patients with laterally located breast cancer while Group II (G II) included patients with medially located breast cancer. Four ml of Methylene blue (1%) was injected in the peritumoral tissue. SLNB was taken for histopathological examination while ALND was completed in all cases. SLN IR, FNR and accuracy rate were assessed in both groups. Results: This study included 104 female patients; 63 (60.6%) in GI whereas 41(39.4%) in GII. SLN identification was done successfully in 92% in G I and 87.8% in G II with no significant difference. In G I; Out of the 58 patients in whom SLN was identified; SLN was positive in 54 (93.1%) cases and negative in 4(6.9%) cases while in G II; SLN was positive in 31 out of 36 (86.1%) cases and negative in 5 (13.9%) cases with no significant difference regarding SLN accuracy or FNR. Conclusion: The tumor location doesn’t affect axillary SLNB regarding identification rate, accuracy rate and false negativity rate. Methylene blue alone is still efficacious in SLNB lymphatic mapping especially in developing countries because of its low cost.","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"120 1","pages":"44-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86061942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-04DOI: 10.17303/JCRTO.2014.2.204
R. Kumar, Xiu Jin, Yuan-huan Zhen, Pingsheng Hu
Breast cancer (BCa) is a common endocrine disorder among postmenopausal women and estradiol (E2) known causative agent for metastasis. During previous decade, tiny microRNAs (miRNAs) become a potential mediator of tumor suppressor or tumorigenic factor. Numerous miRNA regulates nuclear receptor ERα under the influence of estradiol (E2) such as miR101, miR-21 whereas miR145, miR-29a, miR-206, let-7 potentiates ERα proliferating activity. MiR-221/222 have established in hormone refractory condition after long exposure of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) or Selective Estrogen Receptor Down Regulator (SERDs). The target genes and the role of miRNAs in ERα mediated tumor progression is a challenging area of research that will open new clinical values as novel biomarkers in diagnosis and therapy.
{"title":"MicroRNA Regulates Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Breast Cancer Metastasis","authors":"R. Kumar, Xiu Jin, Yuan-huan Zhen, Pingsheng Hu","doi":"10.17303/JCRTO.2014.2.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17303/JCRTO.2014.2.204","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer (BCa) is a common endocrine disorder among postmenopausal women and estradiol (E2) known causative agent for metastasis. During previous decade, tiny microRNAs (miRNAs) become a potential mediator of tumor suppressor or tumorigenic factor. Numerous miRNA regulates nuclear receptor ERα under the influence of estradiol (E2) such as miR101, miR-21 whereas miR145, miR-29a, miR-206, let-7 potentiates ERα proliferating activity. MiR-221/222 have established in hormone refractory condition after long exposure of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) or Selective Estrogen Receptor Down Regulator (SERDs). The target genes and the role of miRNAs in ERα mediated tumor progression is a challenging area of research that will open new clinical values as novel biomarkers in diagnosis and therapy.","PeriodicalId":22619,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Cancer Research","volume":"284 6","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72572126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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