This case control study was conducted between January to June 2010 to determine the relationship between substance abuse and multidrug- resistant tuberculosis. A total of 73 cases were selected purposively, from culture- positive multidrug- resistant tuberculosis patients admitted in the National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital, Dhaka and compared with 81 un-matched controls, recruited from the cured patients of pulmonary tuberculosis who attended several DOTS centers of ‘Nagar Shastho Kendra’ under Urban Primary Health Care Project in Dhaka city. Data were collected by face to face interview and documents’ review, using a pre- tested structured questionnaire and a checklist. Multidrug- resistance was found to be associated with smoking status (÷ 2 = 11.76; p = 0.01) and panmasala use (÷ 2 = 8.28; p = 0.004). The study also revealed that alcohol consumption and other substance abuse such as jarda, sadapata, gul, snuff, heroine, cannabis, injectable drugs was not associated with the development of multidrug- resistant tuberculosis. Relationship between substance abuse and multidrug- resistant tuberculosis are more or less similar in the developing countries. Bangladesh is not out of this trend. The present study revealed the same fact, which warrants actions targeting specific factors. Further study is recommended to assess the magnitude and these factors related to the development of multidrug- resistant tuberculosis in different settings in our country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i2.14729 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(2): 50-54
{"title":"Relationship between Substance Abuse and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis","authors":"S. Afroz, M. Flora","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V6I2.14729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V6I2.14729","url":null,"abstract":"This case control study was conducted between January to June 2010 to determine the relationship between substance abuse and multidrug- resistant tuberculosis. A total of 73 cases were selected purposively, from culture- positive multidrug- resistant tuberculosis patients admitted in the National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital, Dhaka and compared with 81 un-matched controls, recruited from the cured patients of pulmonary tuberculosis who attended several DOTS centers of ‘Nagar Shastho Kendra’ under Urban Primary Health Care Project in Dhaka city. Data were collected by face to face interview and documents’ review, using a pre- tested structured questionnaire and a checklist. Multidrug- resistance was found to be associated with smoking status (÷ 2 = 11.76; p = 0.01) and panmasala use (÷ 2 = 8.28; p = 0.004). The study also revealed that alcohol consumption and other substance abuse such as jarda, sadapata, gul, snuff, heroine, cannabis, injectable drugs was not associated with the development of multidrug- resistant tuberculosis. Relationship between substance abuse and multidrug- resistant tuberculosis are more or less similar in the developing countries. Bangladesh is not out of this trend. The present study revealed the same fact, which warrants actions targeting specific factors. Further study is recommended to assess the magnitude and these factors related to the development of multidrug- resistant tuberculosis in different settings in our country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i2.14729 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(2): 50-54","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114964943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Alam, A. Safdar, S. Hoque, Rownak Jahan Tamanna, Rowsan Ara, M. Khan
Gitelman’s syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect of the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride co-transporter at the distal tubule, characterized by hypomagnesemia, hypokalemic alkalosis and hypocalciuria. We report a case of Gitlman’s syndrome in a 44 years old female patient who presented with generalized muscle weakness and carpal spasm and characteristic electrolyte abnormalities. This condition is sometimes confused with Bartter’s syndrome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14724 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 34-36
Gitelman综合征是一种常染色体隐性遗传病，由远端小管噻嗪敏感氯化钠共转运体缺陷引起，以低镁血症、低钾性碱中毒和低钙尿症为特征。我们报告一例吉特曼综合征在44岁的女性患者谁提出了广泛性肌肉无力和腕痉挛和特征性电解质异常。这种情况有时与巴特氏综合征混淆。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14724 Ibrahim Med. col。j . 2012;6 (1): 34-36
{"title":"Gitelman's Syndrome Presented with Tetany: A Case Report","authors":"Z. Alam, A. Safdar, S. Hoque, Rownak Jahan Tamanna, Rowsan Ara, M. Khan","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V6I1.14724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V6I1.14724","url":null,"abstract":"Gitelman’s syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect of the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride co-transporter at the distal tubule, characterized by hypomagnesemia, hypokalemic alkalosis and hypocalciuria. We report a case of Gitlman’s syndrome in a 44 years old female patient who presented with generalized muscle weakness and carpal spasm and characteristic electrolyte abnormalities. This condition is sometimes confused with Bartter’s syndrome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14724 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 34-36","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114222704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khatun, M. Mia, M. Ali, Mohammed M. Rahman, K. Begum, K. Begum
Background and purposes: Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Correa, a medicinal plant is popularly used as herbal remedy for various ailments in Bangladesh. It was also reported that GP has both anti-hyperglycemic and analgesic effects and being widely used to reduce blood glucose and to alleviate pain for many years in this region though published literatures are scarce. The present study was designed to evaluate whether ethanolic extract of Glycosmis pentaphylla (GP) have antihyperglycemic and analgesic effects. A total of 60 Swiss Albino male mice of nine weeks (weight, 20-25g) were used for investigation. Of them, 40 were made diabetic by alloxan. They were investigated in two groups – a) 20 mice by oral glucose tolerance test (4 samples OGTT) – at 0, 30, 90 and 120 min; and b) 20 mice for a week-long antihyperglycemic activity on day 0, 1, 3 & 7. Both the groups were subdivided into four, each having 5 mice – i) the ‘control’ received only 0.5% methyl cellulose as vehicle; ii) ‘Standard’ received vehicle plus metformin; iii & iv) test ‘DGP250’ & ‘DGP500’ received vehicle plus GP extract with 250 & 500 mg /kg, respectively. For the analgesic activity, 20 mice were investigated in four subgroups, each having 5 mice and similar steps were adopted. Here, vehicle was used 1% Tween 80 and intra-peritoneal injection of Acetic acid for eliciting pain in all four subgroups. The ‘standard’ group got diclofenac sodium for comparison with the test groups ‘GP250’ and ‘GP500’. In OGTT, Ethanolic extract of GP250 and GP500 reduced blood glucose at 90 min. But the levels of reduction were more significant at 120 min, 50.7% by GP250 and 66% by GP500 (p<0.001). The reduction is almost comparable with that induced by metformin. Likewise, for a weeklong anti-hyperglycemic activity, the GP extracts were found as equally effective as metfomin, which was also dose dependent. In addition to antihyperglycemic effect, the ethanolic extract of GP showed significant analgesic effect that was also dose dependent. Our results indicate that GP extract has antihyperglycemic effect in both short and in weeklong duration, which is almost comparable to Metformin HCL, a known and widely used antihyperglycemic agent. The GP extract was also found to have an analgesic effect almost comparable to diclofenac sodium, a known analgesic drug. Further study is needed to confirm the anti-hyperglycemic and analgesic effect of GP including its side effects in long term use. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14721 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 21-26
{"title":"Antidiabetic and Analgesic Effects of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) in Swiss Albino Mice","authors":"M. Khatun, M. Mia, M. Ali, Mohammed M. Rahman, K. Begum, K. Begum","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V6I1.14721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V6I1.14721","url":null,"abstract":"Background and purposes: Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) Correa, a medicinal plant is popularly used as herbal remedy for various ailments in Bangladesh. It was also reported that GP has both anti-hyperglycemic and analgesic effects and being widely used to reduce blood glucose and to alleviate pain for many years in this region though published literatures are scarce. The present study was designed to evaluate whether ethanolic extract of Glycosmis pentaphylla (GP) have antihyperglycemic and analgesic effects. A total of 60 Swiss Albino male mice of nine weeks (weight, 20-25g) were used for investigation. Of them, 40 were made diabetic by alloxan. They were investigated in two groups – a) 20 mice by oral glucose tolerance test (4 samples OGTT) – at 0, 30, 90 and 120 min; and b) 20 mice for a week-long antihyperglycemic activity on day 0, 1, 3 & 7. Both the groups were subdivided into four, each having 5 mice – i) the ‘control’ received only 0.5% methyl cellulose as vehicle; ii) ‘Standard’ received vehicle plus metformin; iii & iv) test ‘DGP250’ & ‘DGP500’ received vehicle plus GP extract with 250 & 500 mg /kg, respectively. For the analgesic activity, 20 mice were investigated in four subgroups, each having 5 mice and similar steps were adopted. Here, vehicle was used 1% Tween 80 and intra-peritoneal injection of Acetic acid for eliciting pain in all four subgroups. The ‘standard’ group got diclofenac sodium for comparison with the test groups ‘GP250’ and ‘GP500’. In OGTT, Ethanolic extract of GP250 and GP500 reduced blood glucose at 90 min. But the levels of reduction were more significant at 120 min, 50.7% by GP250 and 66% by GP500 (p<0.001). The reduction is almost comparable with that induced by metformin. Likewise, for a weeklong anti-hyperglycemic activity, the GP extracts were found as equally effective as metfomin, which was also dose dependent. In addition to antihyperglycemic effect, the ethanolic extract of GP showed significant analgesic effect that was also dose dependent. Our results indicate that GP extract has antihyperglycemic effect in both short and in weeklong duration, which is almost comparable to Metformin HCL, a known and widely used antihyperglycemic agent. The GP extract was also found to have an analgesic effect almost comparable to diclofenac sodium, a known analgesic drug. Further study is needed to confirm the anti-hyperglycemic and analgesic effect of GP including its side effects in long term use. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14721 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 21-26","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131072376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyperlipidemia is an important modifiable risk factor contributing to atterosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. Zingiber officinale (ginger) widely consumed as spice is known for its hypoglycemic and hypochlosteremic actions. The present study was undertaken to investigate anti-hyperlipidemic action of ginger juice in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Male Wister rats, 130-150 g wt, fed on standard diet and water ad libitum were divided into 4 groups (n=6 in each group): group I nondiabetic control, group II non-diabetic treated; group III diabetic control and group IV diabetic treated. Diabetes was induced by Inj. alloxan 150 mg Kg –1 b.w., i.p. (group III & IV) on Day 2. Rats having blood glucose level of >7 mmol/l on day 5 (72 hrs after alloxan Inj.) were considered diabetic and selected for experimentation. Both non-diabetic and diabetic treated groups (Gr II & IV) received Zingiber officinale (ginger) juice (4 ml Kg –1 b.w., p.o.) for 10 days (day 2-day 11) through Ryles tube. On Day 12, animals were sacrificed under light ether anaesthesia, blood was collected by cardiac puncture and serum separated for estimation of lipids. Zingiber officinale (ginger) juice significantly (p<0.01) decreased alloxan induced hyperglycemia (group IV), but had no effect on blood glucose level in normal rats (group II); significantly (p<0.001) reduced alloxan induced hyperlipidemia, but produced no significant lipid lowering effects in normal rats (group II). The results suggest a significant anti-hyperlipidemic action of Zingiber officinale (ginger) juice in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The findings may be clinically significant and exploited. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i2.14730 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(2): 55-58
高脂血症是糖尿病动脉硬化的重要可改变危险因素。生姜作为香料广泛食用，以其降血糖和降胆固醇的作用而闻名。本研究旨在探讨姜汁对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠的降血脂作用。雄性Wister大鼠，体重130 ~ 150 g wt，饲喂标准日粮和随意饮水，随机分为4组(每组6只):ⅰ组为非糖尿病对照组，ⅱ组为非糖尿病治疗组;第三组糖尿病控制，第四组糖尿病治疗。胰岛素诱导糖尿病。四氧嘧啶150 mg Kg -1 bw，每日1次(III组和IV组)，第2天。注射四氧嘧啶后第5天(72小时)血糖水平>7 mmol/l的大鼠视为糖尿病大鼠，选择进行实验。非糖尿病组和糖尿病组(II组和IV组)均通过Ryles管灌胃生姜汁(4 ml Kg -1 b.w, p.o)，灌胃10天(第2- 11天)。第12天，轻醚麻醉处死动物，穿刺取血，分离血清测定血脂。生姜汁能显著(p<0.01)降低四氧嘧啶诱导的高血糖(IV组)，对正常大鼠血糖水平无影响(II组);显著(p<0.001)降低了四氧嘧啶诱导的高脂血症，而对正常大鼠(II组)无显著降脂作用。结果提示姜汁对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠有显著的降脂作用。这些发现可能具有临床意义和利用价值。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i2.14730 Ibrahim Med. col。j . 2012;6 (2): 55-58
{"title":"Anti-Hyperlipidemic Action of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) Juice in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"S. Sultana, S. Akter, I. Khan","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V6I2.14730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V6I2.14730","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperlipidemia is an important modifiable risk factor contributing to atterosclerosis in diabetes mellitus. Zingiber officinale (ginger) widely consumed as spice is known for its hypoglycemic and hypochlosteremic actions. The present study was undertaken to investigate anti-hyperlipidemic action of ginger juice in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Male Wister rats, 130-150 g wt, fed on standard diet and water ad libitum were divided into 4 groups (n=6 in each group): group I nondiabetic control, group II non-diabetic treated; group III diabetic control and group IV diabetic treated. Diabetes was induced by Inj. alloxan 150 mg Kg –1 b.w., i.p. (group III & IV) on Day 2. Rats having blood glucose level of >7 mmol/l on day 5 (72 hrs after alloxan Inj.) were considered diabetic and selected for experimentation. Both non-diabetic and diabetic treated groups (Gr II & IV) received Zingiber officinale (ginger) juice (4 ml Kg –1 b.w., p.o.) for 10 days (day 2-day 11) through Ryles tube. On Day 12, animals were sacrificed under light ether anaesthesia, blood was collected by cardiac puncture and serum separated for estimation of lipids. Zingiber officinale (ginger) juice significantly (p<0.01) decreased alloxan induced hyperglycemia (group IV), but had no effect on blood glucose level in normal rats (group II); significantly (p<0.001) reduced alloxan induced hyperlipidemia, but produced no significant lipid lowering effects in normal rats (group II). The results suggest a significant anti-hyperlipidemic action of Zingiber officinale (ginger) juice in alloxan induced diabetic rats. The findings may be clinically significant and exploited. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i2.14730 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(2): 55-58","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116461151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many studies reported a high prevalence of undernutrition in the under-5 children in Bangladesh. But very few information are available about undernutrition and adiposity among school children and adolescents in Bangladesh. This study addressed the prevalence of undernutrition and obesity among school going children and adolescents. A total of 15 secondary schools were purposively selected from rural, suburban and urban areas. The teachers were detailed about the study protocol. Then the teachers volunteered to register the eligible (age 10 – 18y) students for the study. Each student’s parent was interviewed for family income. Height (ht), weight (wt), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and blood pressure were taken. Fasting blood samples were collected for fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated (ht/wt in met. sq) for diagnosis of undernutrition (BMI 25.0). A total of 2151 (m-1063, f-1088) students volunteered the study. Of them, the poor, middle and rich social classes were 25.4, 53.1 and 21.5%, respectively. Overall, the prevalence of underweight, normal, overweight and obesity were 57.4%, 35.0%, 4.9% and 2.7%, respectively. For gender comparison, there has been no significant difference of BMI between boys and girls. By social class, the prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in the poor than in the rich (62.2% v. 43.6%) and obesity was higher in the rich than in the poor (6.1% v. 1.2%) [for both, p<0.001]. Logistic regression showed that the participants from urban (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.03 – 2.22) and the rich (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.24 – 3.33) social class had excess risk for obesity. The risk for undernutrition was found just reverse. Undernutrition was found most prevalent among the rural students and among the poor social class; whereas, prevalence of overweight and obesity appears to be increasing with urbanization and increasing family income. Thus, the study showed a nutrition paradox – adiposity in the midst of many undernourished children and adolescents in Bangladesh. Further study may be undertaken in a large scale to establish diagnostic criteria for age specific nutrition assessment in Bangladesh. A prospective children cohort may help assessing the cut-offs for unhealthy sequels of undernutrition and adiposity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14710 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 1-8
许多研究报告称，孟加拉国5岁以下儿童营养不良的发生率很高。但是，关于孟加拉国学龄儿童和青少年营养不良和肥胖的信息很少。这项研究探讨了在校儿童和青少年中普遍存在的营养不良和肥胖问题。共有15所中学是有目的地从农村、郊区和城市地区选择的。老师们详细了解了学习方案。然后，教师自愿登记符合条件的(10 - 18岁)学生参加研究。每个学生的父母都接受了家庭收入采访。测量身高(ht)、体重(wt)、中上臂围(MUAC)和血压。采集空腹血，测定空腹血糖、总胆固醇(Chol)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)。计算体重指数(BMI) (ht/wt in met)。sq)诊断营养不良(BMI 25.0)。共有2151名(m-1063, f-1088)学生自愿参加了这项研究。其中，贫困阶层占25.4%，中产阶层占53.1%，富裕阶层占21.5%。总体而言，体重过轻、正常、超重和肥胖的患病率分别为57.4%、35.0%、4.9%和2.7%。在性别比较方面，男孩和女孩的BMI没有显著差异。从社会阶层来看，体重不足的患病率在穷人中明显高于富人(62.2% vs . 43.6%)，肥胖的患病率在富人中高于穷人(6.1% vs . 1.2%)[两者均<0.001]。Logistic回归显示，城市(OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.03 - 2.22)和富裕(OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.24 - 3.33)社会阶层的参与者肥胖风险较高。结果发现，营养不良的风险正好相反。营养不良在农村学生和社会贫困阶层中最为普遍;然而，超重和肥胖的患病率似乎随着城市化和家庭收入的增加而增加。因此，这项研究显示了一个营养悖论——孟加拉国许多营养不良的儿童和青少年中存在肥胖问题。可以进行大规模的进一步研究，以确定孟加拉国特定年龄营养评估的诊断标准。一个前瞻性的儿童队列可能有助于评估营养不良和肥胖的不健康后遗症的临界值。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14710 Ibrahim Med. col。j . 2012;6 (1): 1 - 8
{"title":"Undernutrition and Adiposity in Children and Adolescents: A Nutrition Paradox in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Sayeed, M. M. Rhaman, A. Banu, H. Mahtab","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V6I1.14710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V6I1.14710","url":null,"abstract":"Many studies reported a high prevalence of undernutrition in the under-5 children in Bangladesh. But very few information are available about undernutrition and adiposity among school children and adolescents in Bangladesh. This study addressed the prevalence of undernutrition and obesity among school going children and adolescents. A total of 15 secondary schools were purposively selected from rural, suburban and urban areas. The teachers were detailed about the study protocol. Then the teachers volunteered to register the eligible (age 10 – 18y) students for the study. Each student’s parent was interviewed for family income. Height (ht), weight (wt), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) and blood pressure were taken. Fasting blood samples were collected for fasting plasma glucose, total cholesterol (Chol), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated (ht/wt in met. sq) for diagnosis of undernutrition (BMI 25.0). A total of 2151 (m-1063, f-1088) students volunteered the study. Of them, the poor, middle and rich social classes were 25.4, 53.1 and 21.5%, respectively. Overall, the prevalence of underweight, normal, overweight and obesity were 57.4%, 35.0%, 4.9% and 2.7%, respectively. For gender comparison, there has been no significant difference of BMI between boys and girls. By social class, the prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in the poor than in the rich (62.2% v. 43.6%) and obesity was higher in the rich than in the poor (6.1% v. 1.2%) [for both, p<0.001]. Logistic regression showed that the participants from urban (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.03 – 2.22) and the rich (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.24 – 3.33) social class had excess risk for obesity. The risk for undernutrition was found just reverse. Undernutrition was found most prevalent among the rural students and among the poor social class; whereas, prevalence of overweight and obesity appears to be increasing with urbanization and increasing family income. Thus, the study showed a nutrition paradox – adiposity in the midst of many undernourished children and adolescents in Bangladesh. Further study may be undertaken in a large scale to establish diagnostic criteria for age specific nutrition assessment in Bangladesh. A prospective children cohort may help assessing the cut-offs for unhealthy sequels of undernutrition and adiposity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14710 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 1-8","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114061732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sensitivity of the molecular diagnostic tests of extrapulmonary tuberculosis largely depends upon the efficiency of DNA extraction methods. The objective of our study was to compare three methods of extracting DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for testing by polymerase chain reaction. All three methods; heating, heating with sonication and addition of lysis buffer with heating and sonication were implicated on 20 extrapulmonary samples. PCR positivity was 2 (10%), 4 (20%) and 7 (35%) in the samples extracted by heating, heat+sonication and heat+sonication+lysis buffer method respectively. Of the extraction methods evaluated, maximum PCR positive results were achieved by combined heat, sonication and lysis buffer method which can be applied in routine clinical practice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14711 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 9-11
{"title":"Comparison of Three Mycobacterial DNA Extraction Methods from Extrapulmonary Samples for PCR Assay","authors":"K. Shadia, S. Anwar, S. Banu, A. Saleh, R. Miah","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V6I1.14711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V6I1.14711","url":null,"abstract":"Sensitivity of the molecular diagnostic tests of extrapulmonary tuberculosis largely depends upon the efficiency of DNA extraction methods. The objective of our study was to compare three methods of extracting DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for testing by polymerase chain reaction. All three methods; heating, heating with sonication and addition of lysis buffer with heating and sonication were implicated on 20 extrapulmonary samples. PCR positivity was 2 (10%), 4 (20%) and 7 (35%) in the samples extracted by heating, heat+sonication and heat+sonication+lysis buffer method respectively. Of the extraction methods evaluated, maximum PCR positive results were achieved by combined heat, sonication and lysis buffer method which can be applied in routine clinical practice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14711 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 9-11","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":"95 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127989173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organ transplantation is one of the greatest achievements of medical science in the 21st century. It is a life saving therapy for organ failure. Organ transplantation has granted a sustained improved quality of normal or near normal life to people suffering from organ failure. The improvement in organ transplantation over the years is due to improved technology, understanding of rejection, discovery of newer immune suppressant drugs and advancement of medical management.
{"title":"Organ Transplantation in Bangladesh - Challenges and Opportunities","authors":"Mohammad Ali","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V6I1.14709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V6I1.14709","url":null,"abstract":"Organ transplantation is one of the greatest achievements of medical science in the 21st century. It is a life saving therapy for organ failure. Organ transplantation has granted a sustained improved quality of normal or near normal life to people suffering from organ failure. The improvement in organ transplantation over the years is due to improved technology, understanding of rejection, discovery of newer immune suppressant drugs and advancement of medical management.","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130091579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetes mellitus is recognized as a serious global health problem and frequently associated with disabling and lifethreatening complications related to some modifiable risk factors. One of the modifiable factors is dyslipidemia. This study addressed the dyslipidemic status of 124 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending the outpatient department, Ibrahim General Hospital and Diabetic Care and Education Center Dhanmondi, Dhaka during the period from January to June 2010. The diagnosed diabetic subjects were interviewed and the biochemical investigation data were collected from record review. Three fourth of the respondents were female and majority (24.2%) of them were 46 to 50 years of age. Most of the respondents were graduates having neuclear families. The mean total cholesterol and triglyceride were found 181.7±43.0 mg/dl and 161.0±112.5 mg/dl respectively. According to NCEP ATP III (2001), 59.7% of the participants had high level of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and only 18% had desired level of high density lipoproteins (HDL). The mean (±SD) of LDL and HDL were 109.8±37.0 mg/dl and 41.0±7.9 mg/dl respectively. Men had elevated level of mean TG with wide variation (185.98±179.56 mg/dl) than women (151.63±72.16 mg/dl). The mean (±SD) of HDL was found lower in men than women (35.8 ± 6.3 vs. 42.9 ± 7.5 mg/dl, p< 0.05) though not significant. The study revealed that dyslipidemia (high TC, TG, LDL and low HDL) was prevalent among the T2DM subjects, which needs attention of equal importance to maintain within normal limit as with the control of hyperglycemia and hypertension. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14712 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 12-17
糖尿病被认为是一个严重的全球健康问题，经常与一些可改变的危险因素相关的致残和危及生命的并发症有关。其中一个可改变的因素是血脂异常。本研究对2010年1月至6月期间在达卡易卜拉欣综合医院和糖尿病护理与教育中心门诊就诊的124例2型糖尿病患者的血脂异常状况进行了研究。对诊断为糖尿病的受试者进行访谈，并通过记录复习收集生化调查数据。四分之三的受访者是女性，其中大多数(24.2%)的年龄在46至50岁之间。大多数受访者都是拥有核心家庭的毕业生。平均总胆固醇和甘油三酯分别为181.7±43.0 mg/dl和161.0±112.5 mg/dl。根据NCEP ATP III(2001)， 59.7%的参与者有高水平的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)，只有18%的参与者有理想水平的高密度脂蛋白(HDL)。LDL和HDL的平均值(±SD)分别为109.8±37.0 mg/dl和41.0±7.9 mg/dl。男性平均TG水平(185.98±179.56 mg/dl)高于女性(151.63±72.16 mg/dl)。男性HDL的平均值(±SD)低于女性(35.8±6.3 vs. 42.9±7.5 mg/dl, p< 0.05)，但无统计学意义。本研究发现，T2DM患者普遍存在血脂异常(高TC、高TG、低LDL和低HDL)，与控制高血糖和高血压同样重要的是将其维持在正常范围内。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14712 Ibrahim Med. col。j . 2012;6 (1): 12 - 17
{"title":"Pattern of Lipid Profile among Type 2 Diabetic Patients","authors":"Nazia Elham, M. Flora","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V6I1.14712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V6I1.14712","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is recognized as a serious global health problem and frequently associated with disabling and lifethreatening complications related to some modifiable risk factors. One of the modifiable factors is dyslipidemia. This study addressed the dyslipidemic status of 124 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) attending the outpatient department, Ibrahim General Hospital and Diabetic Care and Education Center Dhanmondi, Dhaka during the period from January to June 2010. The diagnosed diabetic subjects were interviewed and the biochemical investigation data were collected from record review. Three fourth of the respondents were female and majority (24.2%) of them were 46 to 50 years of age. Most of the respondents were graduates having neuclear families. The mean total cholesterol and triglyceride were found 181.7±43.0 mg/dl and 161.0±112.5 mg/dl respectively. According to NCEP ATP III (2001), 59.7% of the participants had high level of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and only 18% had desired level of high density lipoproteins (HDL). The mean (±SD) of LDL and HDL were 109.8±37.0 mg/dl and 41.0±7.9 mg/dl respectively. Men had elevated level of mean TG with wide variation (185.98±179.56 mg/dl) than women (151.63±72.16 mg/dl). The mean (±SD) of HDL was found lower in men than women (35.8 ± 6.3 vs. 42.9 ± 7.5 mg/dl, p< 0.05) though not significant. The study revealed that dyslipidemia (high TC, TG, LDL and low HDL) was prevalent among the T2DM subjects, which needs attention of equal importance to maintain within normal limit as with the control of hyperglycemia and hypertension. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14712 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 12-17","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130070983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. A. Begum, Arif Akbar Saibal, K. Das, S. Dey, A. Ahmed, A. Mohiuddin, M. Kabir
This study was done to find out the relationship between gallbladder wall thickening and esophageal varices in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. A total of 61 CLD patients were included and divided into two groups. Group A included 13 CLD patients with no oesophageal varices and Group B composed of 48 CLD patients with esophageal varices. Mean gallbladder wall thickness (GBWT) of Group B was 5.6±0.2mm compared to 2.7±0.1mm of Group A. The mean differences of GBWT were statistically significant between group A and group B (P<0.05). The mean GBWT was significantly (p<0.05) higher in CLD patients with grade III and IV varices (6.1±.8 mm) compared to grade I and II (3.9±0.7 mm). The result suggests that GBWT may be considered as an important marker for the presence of esophageal varices in CLD patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14713 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 18-20
{"title":"Thickening of Gallbladder Wall in Chronic Liver Disease - A Marker for Esophageal Varices","authors":"S. A. Begum, Arif Akbar Saibal, K. Das, S. Dey, A. Ahmed, A. Mohiuddin, M. Kabir","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V6I1.14713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V6I1.14713","url":null,"abstract":"This study was done to find out the relationship between gallbladder wall thickening and esophageal varices in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients. A total of 61 CLD patients were included and divided into two groups. Group A included 13 CLD patients with no oesophageal varices and Group B composed of 48 CLD patients with esophageal varices. Mean gallbladder wall thickness (GBWT) of Group B was 5.6±0.2mm compared to 2.7±0.1mm of Group A. The mean differences of GBWT were statistically significant between group A and group B (P<0.05). The mean GBWT was significantly (p<0.05) higher in CLD patients with grade III and IV varices (6.1±.8 mm) compared to grade I and II (3.9±0.7 mm). The result suggests that GBWT may be considered as an important marker for the presence of esophageal varices in CLD patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i1.14713 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(1): 18-20","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129719806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Saleh, S. Mumu, F. Afnan, L. Ali, H. Chaudhury, A. Akhter, K. Ahmed, Sanzida Akter
This study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic subjects on dyslipidemia and to analyze the influence of some demographic and socioeconomic factors on the level of KAP.It was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. One hundred eleven newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects (male 61%, female 39%, age 45±9 years, BMI 24±4.8 Kg/m 2 ) with hypercholesterolemia (fasting plasma total cholesterol >200 mg/dl) were selected from the out patient department of BIRDEM by purposive sampling method. Data were collected by a pre-designed, pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Three categories were defined on the basis of the score obtained by each subject namely low, medium and high as follows: knowledge-score 60%; attitude-score 80%; and practice-score 70% respectively. The levels of knowledge were low in 42%, medium in 35% and high in 23% of the study subjects. The corresponding attitude levels were low in 1%, medium in 31% and high in 68%, and the levels of practice were low in 80%, medium in 14% and high in 6% of the subjects. The knowledge score was higher in secondary and graduate (53.4±8.9%, and 54.9±10.1%) groups compared to illiterate-primary group (48.9±9.9%). Practice score of illiterate-primary group (34.5±16.8%) was lower than secondary and graduate (43.1±13.9% and 46.7±18.1%) groups, but they did not differ on attitude. The various income groups did not differ on knowledge. Attitude score of high-income group (78.7±8.4%) was better than low-income group (70.9±11.8%). Practice score in high-income group (44.7±16.0%) was better than medium income and low-income groups (31.3±14.5% and 28.6±15.0%). Knowledge and practice score in Bangladeshi hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic subjects are not satisfactory although they have fairly good attitude levels. Education and income status are the major determinants of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dyslipidemia in diabetes. A coordinated policy is required to promote knowledge and attitude on healthy lifestyle and to translate those into practice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v5i2.10096 IMCJ 2011; 5(2): 37-41
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Of Hypercholesterolemic Type 2 Diabetic Subjects On Dyslipidemia","authors":"F. Saleh, S. Mumu, F. Afnan, L. Ali, H. Chaudhury, A. Akhter, K. Ahmed, Sanzida Akter","doi":"10.3329/IMCJ.V5I2.10096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/IMCJ.V5I2.10096","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic subjects on dyslipidemia and to analyze the influence of some demographic and socioeconomic factors on the level of KAP.It was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. One hundred eleven newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects (male 61%, female 39%, age 45±9 years, BMI 24±4.8 Kg/m 2 ) with hypercholesterolemia (fasting plasma total cholesterol >200 mg/dl) were selected from the out patient department of BIRDEM by purposive sampling method. Data were collected by a pre-designed, pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Three categories were defined on the basis of the score obtained by each subject namely low, medium and high as follows: knowledge-score 60%; attitude-score 80%; and practice-score 70% respectively. The levels of knowledge were low in 42%, medium in 35% and high in 23% of the study subjects. The corresponding attitude levels were low in 1%, medium in 31% and high in 68%, and the levels of practice were low in 80%, medium in 14% and high in 6% of the subjects. The knowledge score was higher in secondary and graduate (53.4±8.9%, and 54.9±10.1%) groups compared to illiterate-primary group (48.9±9.9%). Practice score of illiterate-primary group (34.5±16.8%) was lower than secondary and graduate (43.1±13.9% and 46.7±18.1%) groups, but they did not differ on attitude. The various income groups did not differ on knowledge. Attitude score of high-income group (78.7±8.4%) was better than low-income group (70.9±11.8%). Practice score in high-income group (44.7±16.0%) was better than medium income and low-income groups (31.3±14.5% and 28.6±15.0%). Knowledge and practice score in Bangladeshi hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic subjects are not satisfactory although they have fairly good attitude levels. Education and income status are the major determinants of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dyslipidemia in diabetes. A coordinated policy is required to promote knowledge and attitude on healthy lifestyle and to translate those into practice. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v5i2.10096 IMCJ 2011; 5(2): 37-41","PeriodicalId":226732,"journal":{"name":"Ibrahim Medical College Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124949089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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