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Chapter 6 Production 第六章生产
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1515/9783110691023-006
J. Schulze
Thank you very much for downloading chapter 6 production. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this chapter 6 production, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer. chapter 6 production is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our books collection spans in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the chapter 6 production is universally compatible with any devices to read.
非常感谢您下载第6章的产品。正如你所知,人们已经数百次地寻找他们最喜欢的小说,比如第六章的作品,但最终还是被下载了。他们不是在下午喝着咖啡读一本好书,而是对付台式电脑里的一些传染性病毒。第6章的制作可以在我们的数字图书馆在线访问,它被设置为公共的,所以你可以立即下载它。我们的图书收藏跨越多个国家,让您获得最少的延迟时间来下载我们的任何书籍,比如这一本。仅仅说,第6章的生产是普遍兼容的任何设备阅读。
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引用次数: 1
Vapour-Liquid Equilibria of Ethane and Ethanethiol: Experiments and Modelling 乙烷和乙硫醇的气液平衡:实验和模拟
Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.7569/jnge.2018.692505
W. Afzal, A. Valtz, C. Coquelet
Abstract This work reports high-quality isothermal vapor–liquid equilibrium data for ethane + ethanethiol (or ethyl mercaptan) at 303 K, 323 K and 343 K and pressures up to 6.25 MPa. A sapphire-tube equilibrium cell with an online micro sampler and GC-TCD are employed to measure equilibrium phase concentrations at specific temperatures and pressures. Peng Robinson equation of state with classical alpha function is found adequate for data treatment and thermodynamic modelling.
本文报道了乙烷+乙硫醇(或乙基硫醇)在303 K, 323 K和343 K和压力高达6.25 MPa的等温汽液平衡数据。采用带在线微进样器的蓝宝石管平衡池和GC-TCD测量特定温度和压力下的平衡相浓度。用经典α函数建立的彭鲁滨逊状态方程是适合于数据处理和热力学建模的。
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引用次数: 1
Sulfur Solubilities in Toluene, o-Xylene, m-Xylene and p-Xylene at Temperatures Ranging from 303.15 K to 363.15 K 硫在甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯和对二甲苯中的溶解度,温度范围为303.15 ~ 363.15 K
Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.7569/jnge.2018.692504
W. Wermink, D. Spinu, G. Versteeg
Abstract The solubility of sulfur in toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene was investigated at temperatures ranging from 303.15 K to 363.15 K. This study was required for the design of the regeneration section of the novel Vitrisol® desulfurization process. It was determined that, for experimental conditions studied, o-xylene exhibited the highest sulfur solubility and toluene the lowest sulfur solubility from the investigated aromatic hydrocarbons. The sulfur solubility data reported in this study were in good agreement with sulfur solubility data in toluene, m-xylene and p-xylene published in open literature. Sulfur solubility data in o-xylene was not published in open literature. The temperature dependences of the solubility of sulfur in toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene were determined from solubility equilibria. The enthalpies of dissolution ΔHo of sulfur in toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene were determined to be 27.93 kJ/mol, 27.95 kJ/mol, 26.98 kJ/mol and 27.70 kJ/mol respectively.
研究了硫在甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯和对二甲苯中的溶解度,温度范围为303.15 ~ 363.15 K。这项研究是设计新的Vitrisol®脱硫工艺的再生部分所必需的。结果表明,在实验条件下,邻二甲苯的硫溶解度最高,甲苯的硫溶解度最低。本研究报道的硫溶解度数据与公开文献中发表的甲苯、间二甲苯和对二甲苯中的硫溶解度数据吻合良好。硫在邻二甲苯中的溶解度数据未在公开文献中发表。通过溶解度平衡测定了硫在甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯和对二甲苯中溶解度的温度依赖性。硫在甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯和对二甲苯中的溶解焓ΔHo分别为27.93 kJ/mol、27.95 kJ/mol、26.98 kJ/mol和27.70 kJ/mol。
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引用次数: 2
Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Flow to Radially Fractured Wells in Unconventional Reservoirs 非常规油藏径向压裂井流体流动数学模型
Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.7569/jnge.2018.692507
Gao Li, B. Guo, Xiaohui Zhang
Abstract Radial fractures are created in unconventional gas and oil reservoirs in modern well stimulation operations such as Hydraulic Re-Fracturing (HRF), Explosive Fracturing (EF) and High Energy Gas Fracturing (HEGF). This paper presents a mathematical model to describe fluid flow from reservoir through radial fractures to wellbore. The model can be applied to analyzing angles between radial fractures. Field case studies were carried out with the model using pressure transient data from three typical HRF wells in a lower-permeability reservoir. The studies show a good correlation between observed well performance and model-interpreted fracture angle. The well with the highest productivity improvement by the HRF corresponds to the interpreted perpendicular fractures, while the well with the lowest productivity improvement corresponds to the interpreted conditions where the second fracture is much shorter than the first one or where there created two merged/parallel fractures. Result of the case studies of a tight sand reservoir supports the analytical model.
在现代增产作业中,如水力再压裂(HRF)、爆炸压裂(EF)和高能气体压裂(HEGF)等,非常规油气储层都会产生径向裂缝。本文建立了流体从储层经径向裂缝流向井筒的数学模型。该模型可用于分析径向裂缝夹角。利用该模型对某低渗透油藏三口典型高通量井的压力瞬态数据进行了现场实例研究。研究表明,观察井动态与模型解释裂缝角之间具有良好的相关性。通过HRF提高产能最高的井对应于解释的垂直裂缝,而提高产能最低的井对应于解释的第二条裂缝比第一条缝短得多或形成两条合并/平行裂缝的条件。一个致密砂岩储层的实例研究结果支持了分析模型。
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引用次数: 1
Solubility of Benzene in Aqueous Solutions of Monoethanolamine 苯在单乙醇胺水溶液中的溶解度
Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.7569/jnge.2018.692506
F. Jou, A. E. Mather
Abstract The solubility of benzene in aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine has been measured at temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 100 °C.
在25 ~ 100℃的温度范围内,测定了苯在单乙醇胺水溶液中的溶解度。
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引用次数: 0
Reaction Kinetics of CO2 in Aqueous 2-(Diisopropylamino)ethanol, N,n,n′,n′-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine, Tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl]amine, and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline Solutions Using the Stopped-Flow Technique CO2在2-(二异丙胺)乙醇、N, N, N ', N ' -四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺、三[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基]胺和N-(2-羟乙基)苯胺水溶液中的反应动力学
Pub Date : 2018-07-26 DOI: 10.7569/jnge.2018.692502
A. Tagiuri, A. Henni
Abstract The observed pseudo first order rate constants (k0) were measured for the reaction between CO2 and tertiary amines such as [2-(Diisopropylamino) ethanol (2-DIPA), N,n,n′,n′-tetrakis(2-hydroxypropyl)ethylenediamine (THPEDA), and Tris[2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl]amine (TMEEA) in aqueous systems, and in methanol for N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aniline (2-HEAN)]. The measurements were performed from (298.15 to 323.15) K using the stopped flow technique, and at concentrations ranging from (200 to1100) mol/m3. The base catalysis mechanism was used to correlate the data obtained for both aqueous and non-aqueous systems, and to calculate the second order reaction rate constants k2 (m3mol−1s−1). The reaction rate of CO2 in aqueous (2-DIPA) solution was found to be faster than that in the other aqueous and non-aqueous tertiary amines studied and was also are higher than in aqueous Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), an amine considered the industry standard.
摘要测定了CO2与叔胺[2-(二异丙基)乙醇(2- dipa), N, N, N ', N ' -四(2-羟丙基)乙二胺(THPEDA),三[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基]胺(TMEEA)在水体系和甲醇体系中反应N-(2-羟乙基)苯胺(2- hean)]的准一级速率常数(k0)。测量范围为(298.15 ~ 323.15)K,使用止流技术,浓度范围为(200 ~ 1100)mol/m3。用碱催化机理将得到的水与非水体系的数据进行了关联,并计算了二级反应速率常数k2 (m3mol−1s−1)。研究发现,CO2在水(2-DIPA)溶液中的反应速度比研究的其他水和非水叔胺中的反应速度快,也高于水甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA),一种被认为是行业标准的胺。
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引用次数: 0
Peng-Robinson Equation of State Extended to Handle Aqueous Components Using CPA Concept 用CPA概念将Peng-Robinson状态方程推广到处理水溶液
Pub Date : 2018-07-26 DOI: 10.7569/jnge.2018.692501
H. Sørensen, Rasmus Risum Boesen, Sukit Leekumjorn, Peter Jørgensen Herslund
Abstract Parameters are presented enabling the Cubic Plus Association (CPA) concept to be applied with the Peng-Robinson equation for petroleum reservoir fluids carrying water and any of the gas hydrate inhibitors, methanol, mono-ethylene-glycol, or tri-ethylene-glycol. The acid gases, CO2 and H2S, are treated as solvating components, which do not self-associate, but cross-associate with water and hydrate inhibitors. Association is not considered for the remaining petroleum reservoir fluid constituents. The presented concept and parameters enable CPA to be used in flow assurance and process simulations on produced reservoir well streams containing water and hydrate inhibitors, while retaining consistency with prior reservoir simulations carried out using the Peng-Robinson equation on the water free reservoir fluid. A comprehensive data material for the mutual solubility of gases and aqueous components and hydrate inhibition is used to determine the pure component parameters and binary interaction parameters for associating components.
提出了一些参数,使立方正关联(CPA)概念能够与Peng-Robinson方程一起应用于含水的油藏流体和任何天然气水合物抑制剂(甲醇、单乙二醇或三乙二醇)。酸性气体CO2和H2S被视为溶剂化组分,它们不自缔合,而是与水和水合物抑制剂交联。不考虑剩余油藏流体成分的关联。所提出的概念和参数使CPA能够用于含水和水合物抑制剂的采出油藏井流的流动保证和过程模拟,同时与先前使用Peng-Robinson方程对无水油藏流体进行的油藏模拟保持一致。利用气体和水组分的相互溶解度和水合物抑制作用的综合数据资料,确定了纯组分参数和缔合组分的二元相互作用参数。
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引用次数: 0
Solubility of Elemental Sulfur in Dense Phase Carbon Dioxide from T = 324 to 424 K and p = 10 and 20 MPa T = 324 ~ 424 K, p = 10和20 MPa时单质硫在致密相二氧化碳中的溶解度
Pub Date : 2018-07-26 DOI: 10.7569/jnge.2018.692503
Seungwoo Lee, R. Marriott
Abstract Both H2S and CO2 (acid gases) are removed during natural gas treatment and, if purified, CO2 fluids can be marketed as a high-pressure product, thereby adding a secondary value to hydrocarbon production. If high-pressure cryogenic separation techniques are used to separate the acid gas components, the CO2 fluid will require further processing before sale. In exploring high-pressure oxidation of H2S in CO2, we first required the solubility of elemental sulfur, S8, within CO2 and a model to calculate the sulfur fugacities over a range of temperatures and pressures. Solubility information allows one to (a) define sulfur dew point conditions within high-pressure recovery processes and (b) provide for fugacity coefficients necessary to calculate high-pressure recovery limits. In this work, the solubilities of elemental sulfur in dense phase CO2 were measured from T = 323.75 to 424.05 K and at p = 10 and 20 MPa. The measured solubilities of elemental sulfur increased with increasing temperature as well as increasing pressure. Two thermodynamic models were tested to correlate the experimental solubility: (i) a previous Virial Equation Model and (ii) a Fluctuation Solution Theory correlation. Both models are self-consistent with the reference vapor pressure at low pressure. Through the comparison of the calculated results, the Fluctuation Solution Theory correlation was found to best fit the experimental data.
在天然气处理过程中,H2S和CO2(酸性气体)都被去除,如果经过净化,CO2流体可以作为高压产品销售,从而为油气生产增加了二次价值。如果使用高压低温分离技术分离酸性气体成分,则CO2流体在销售前需要进一步处理。在探索H2S在CO2中的高压氧化过程中,我们首先需要单质硫S8在CO2中的溶解度,并建立一个模型来计算在一定温度和压力下硫的溶解度。溶解度信息允许人们(a)定义高压回收过程中的硫露点条件,(b)提供计算高压回收极限所需的逸度系数。在T = 323.75 ~ 424.05 K范围内,在p = 10和20 MPa条件下,测定了单质硫在致密相CO2中的溶解度。单质硫的溶解度随温度和压力的升高而升高。测试了两个热力学模型来关联实验溶解度:(i)先前的维里方程模型和(ii)波动解理论相关性。两种模型都与低压时的参考蒸汽压自一致。通过对计算结果的比较,发现波动解理论的相关关系最符合实验数据。
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引用次数: 3
A New Thermodynamic Correlation for Apparent Henry’s Law Constants, Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficient and Solubility of Mercaptans in Pure Water 表观亨利定律常数、无限稀释活度系数与硫醇在纯水中的溶解度的新热力学关系
Pub Date : 2017-12-29 DOI: 10.7569/jnge.2017.692509
R. M. Zin, C. Coquelet, A. Valtz, M. I. Abdul Mutalib, K. Sabil
Abstract Mercaptans (RSH) or thiols are odorous substances offensive at low concentration and toxic at higher levels. The presence of mercaptans as pollutants in the environment creates a great threat on water and air safety. In this study, the solubility of mercaptans in water was studied through the use of apparent Henry’s Law constant (H) and infinite dilution activity coefficients (γ∞). These thermodynamic properties are useful for environmental impact studies and engineering design particularly in processes where dilute aqueous systems are involved. The aim of this paper is to develop a new thermodynamic correlation for estimation of apparent Henry’s Law constant (H), infinite dilution activity coefficient (γ∞) and solubility of C1-C4 mercaptans including their isomers in pure water. This correlation was developed based on compiled literature data. New measurements of apparent Henry’s Law constant and infinite dilution activity coefficients of methyl mercaptan and ethyl mercaptan in water were carried out to validate the developed correlation. Validation with new measurement data showed a good consistency with low differences (less than 5%) for majority of the data. Additionally, heat of absorption of various mercaptans in pure water was discussed based on temperature influence, Henry Law Constants and solubility.
硫醇(Mercaptans, RSH)或硫醇是一种有气味的物质,低浓度时具有攻击性,高浓度时具有毒性。硫醇作为污染物存在于环境中,对水和空气安全造成了极大的威胁。在本研究中,通过表观亨利定律常数(H)和无限稀释活度系数(γ∞)研究了硫醇在水中的溶解度。这些热力学性质对环境影响研究和工程设计非常有用,特别是在涉及稀水系统的过程中。本文的目的是建立一个新的热力学关系式来估计C1-C4硫醇及其异构体在纯水中的表观亨利定律常数(H)、无限稀释活度系数(γ∞)和溶解度。这种相关性是基于汇编的文献数据得出的。对甲基硫醇和乙基硫醇在水中的表观亨利定律常数和无限稀释活度系数进行了新的测量,以验证所建立的相关性。用新的测量数据验证表明,大多数数据具有良好的一致性和低差异(小于5%)。此外,从温度影响、亨利定律常数和溶解度等方面讨论了各种硫醇在纯水中的吸收热。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of H2S on the Solubility of Ethane in Alkanolamine Solutions H2S对乙烷在烷醇胺溶液中溶解度的影响
Pub Date : 2017-12-29 DOI: 10.7569/jnge.2017.692507
F. Jou, A. E. Mather
Abstract The solubility of ethane has been measured in 3 M solutions of alkanolamines at 75 °C. The solutions also contained various loadings of H2S. Partial pressures of ethane varied up to 6880 kPa. The effect of the hydrogen sulfide on the solubility of ethane is highly non-linear.
摘要在75℃下测定了乙烷在3 M烷醇胺溶液中的溶解度。溶液中还含有不同的H2S。乙烷的分压变化可达6880kpa。硫化氢对乙烷溶解度的影响是高度非线性的。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
The Journal of Natural Gas Engineering
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