Pub Date : 1989-03-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94527
R. Ambros, R. Trost, A. Campbell, W. Lambert
The value of morphometric analysis in addition to standard prognostic indicators was studied in 28 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The mean follow up was 47 months. Recurrences occurred in six patients at a mean time of 34 months, five with distal metastases and one with local disease. Univariate analysis most closely associated recurrence with nuclear anisotropism (the standard deviation of the estimated nuclear area (NASD)) and tumor size. With forward stepwise incremental analysis, the value of tumor size was lost and only the ENASD and the cellularity mean index (CMI), defined as the percentage of tumor volume composed of tumor cells significantly correlated with recurrence. 55% of patients with a ENASD>17 mu m/sup 2/ and a CMI>40% developed recurrence as compared to 5% of patients with lesser values (p=0.0001). Morphometric analysis may significantly contribute to the role of histopathology in the evaluation of papillary thyroid carcinoma and provide information regarding prognosis not obtained by standard methods.<>
本文对28例甲状腺乳头状癌的形态学分析和标准预后指标进行了探讨。平均随访时间为47个月。6例患者复发，平均时间34个月，5例远端转移，1例局部病变。单因素分析与核各向异性(估计核面积的标准偏差(NASD))和肿瘤大小密切相关。在逐步分析中，肿瘤大小的值丢失，只有ENASD和细胞平均指数(cellarity mean index, CMI)与复发显著相关，CMI定义为肿瘤细胞占肿瘤体积的百分比。ENASD>17 μ m/sup 2/和CMI>40%的患者中有55%的患者复发，而较小值的患者中有5%复发(p=0.0001)。形态计量学分析可以显著促进组织病理学在甲状腺乳头状癌评估中的作用，并提供标准方法无法获得的预后信息。
{"title":"Prognostic value of morphometry in papillary thyroid carcinoma","authors":"R. Ambros, R. Trost, A. Campbell, W. Lambert","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94527","url":null,"abstract":"The value of morphometric analysis in addition to standard prognostic indicators was studied in 28 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma. The mean follow up was 47 months. Recurrences occurred in six patients at a mean time of 34 months, five with distal metastases and one with local disease. Univariate analysis most closely associated recurrence with nuclear anisotropism (the standard deviation of the estimated nuclear area (NASD)) and tumor size. With forward stepwise incremental analysis, the value of tumor size was lost and only the ENASD and the cellularity mean index (CMI), defined as the percentage of tumor volume composed of tumor cells significantly correlated with recurrence. 55% of patients with a ENASD>17 mu m/sup 2/ and a CMI>40% developed recurrence as compared to 5% of patients with lesser values (p=0.0001). Morphometric analysis may significantly contribute to the role of histopathology in the evaluation of papillary thyroid carcinoma and provide information regarding prognosis not obtained by standard methods.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115880269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95300
K. Jiang, J. Zheng, S. B. Higgins, D. M. Watterson
The construction of a completely synthetic gene offers the most flexible way to synthesize proteins (smaller than approximately 50000 molecular weight) with any desired features. The design process of synthetic gene experiments involves a large amount of information, such as the deoxyribonucleotide sequences (primary structure of genes) and amino-acid sequences (the primary structure of proteins), the codon table (the relation between the DNA triplets and amino acids), restriction endonuclease map (mapping of restriction endonuclease sites in a gene sequence), and so on. The ambiguity derived from the reverse translation (conversion of amino acids to proper DNA triplets) further increases the complexity of the design process. A prototype system which is able to manage the information and guide biologists toward a workable experiment design has been developed. The domain knowledge is incorporated into the system by using a knowledge-based expert-system shell, LISP, and C procedural routines on a SUN workstation. An intelligent, graphical user interface has been developed to ease biologists' interaction with the workstation. The system can reduce the experiment design process to hours.<>
{"title":"Computer-assisted planning of the completely synthetic gene experimental design","authors":"K. Jiang, J. Zheng, S. B. Higgins, D. M. Watterson","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95300","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of a completely synthetic gene offers the most flexible way to synthesize proteins (smaller than approximately 50000 molecular weight) with any desired features. The design process of synthetic gene experiments involves a large amount of information, such as the deoxyribonucleotide sequences (primary structure of genes) and amino-acid sequences (the primary structure of proteins), the codon table (the relation between the DNA triplets and amino acids), restriction endonuclease map (mapping of restriction endonuclease sites in a gene sequence), and so on. The ambiguity derived from the reverse translation (conversion of amino acids to proper DNA triplets) further increases the complexity of the design process. A prototype system which is able to manage the information and guide biologists toward a workable experiment design has been developed. The domain knowledge is incorporated into the system by using a knowledge-based expert-system shell, LISP, and C procedural routines on a SUN workstation. An intelligent, graphical user interface has been developed to ease biologists' interaction with the workstation. The system can reduce the experiment design process to hours.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128543500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94842
C. Davila, A. Welch, H. Rylander
A method of estimating the brain evoked potential (EP) is described. This method requires little a priori information about the EP signal components and is demonstrated to result in higher signal-to-noise ratios than the conventional ensemble average.<>
{"title":"Improved signal subspace method for EP estimation","authors":"C. Davila, A. Welch, H. Rylander","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94842","url":null,"abstract":"A method of estimating the brain evoked potential (EP) is described. This method requires little a priori information about the EP signal components and is demonstrated to result in higher signal-to-noise ratios than the conventional ensemble average.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134604782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95185
C. Liang, W. Lin, C.-T. Chen
Reconstructing three-dimensional objects from serial cross-sections is an important operation in many medical and biological applications. Intensity interpolation makes slicing from any arbitrary angle possible and also provides accurate quantitative information for various purposes. However, the only technique available is the straightforward linear interpolation method which is technically unsound and groundless. An intensity interpolation method for two regions of interest lying on two consecutive cross-sections is proposed. Although the intensity is interpolated linearly, the corresponding points involved in interpolation are carefully selected. The experimental results show that it is superior to the straightforward method.<>
{"title":"Intensity interpolation for reconstructing 3-D medical images from serial cross-sections","authors":"C. Liang, W. Lin, C.-T. Chen","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95185","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstructing three-dimensional objects from serial cross-sections is an important operation in many medical and biological applications. Intensity interpolation makes slicing from any arbitrary angle possible and also provides accurate quantitative information for various purposes. However, the only technique available is the straightforward linear interpolation method which is technically unsound and groundless. An intensity interpolation method for two regions of interest lying on two consecutive cross-sections is proposed. Although the intensity is interpolated linearly, the corresponding points involved in interpolation are carefully selected. The experimental results show that it is superior to the straightforward method.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127058857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95057
R. Allen, J. Sorab, B. Gonik
A tactile sensing system (TSS), consisting of a sensing device and a data-acquisition system, is described for measuring fingertip-applied forces. The authors report on using the TSS to measure clinician-applied forces during vaginal delivery of newborns, with particular emphasis on an obstetric emergency called shoulder dystocia. Two prototype versions of the tactile sensing system have been tested in 29 random deliveries at an area teaching hospital. In 28 deliveries, the resultant force measurements correlate with the clinician's subjective evaluation of the type of delivery. Research shows that the tactile sensing system can be used to investigate the relation between clinician-applied forces and the risk of birth injury.<>
{"title":"Measuring clinician-applied forces during birth using tactile sensing technology","authors":"R. Allen, J. Sorab, B. Gonik","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95057","url":null,"abstract":"A tactile sensing system (TSS), consisting of a sensing device and a data-acquisition system, is described for measuring fingertip-applied forces. The authors report on using the TSS to measure clinician-applied forces during vaginal delivery of newborns, with particular emphasis on an obstetric emergency called shoulder dystocia. Two prototype versions of the tactile sensing system have been tested in 29 random deliveries at an area teaching hospital. In 28 deliveries, the resultant force measurements correlate with the clinician's subjective evaluation of the type of delivery. Research shows that the tactile sensing system can be used to investigate the relation between clinician-applied forces and the risk of birth injury.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128825506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95328
Z. Benyó
In addition to the statistical evaluation of measurements on biological processes there is an increasing need for theoretical system description, documentation of the connections between cause and effect, and quantitative determination of these processes. The first part of this study comprises a mathematical summary of compartment analysis. The second part deals with computer simulation. The third part introduces a novel identification method. Examples of practical application are given.<>
{"title":"Computer analysis of biological processes","authors":"Z. Benyó","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95328","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to the statistical evaluation of measurements on biological processes there is an increasing need for theoretical system description, documentation of the connections between cause and effect, and quantitative determination of these processes. The first part of this study comprises a mathematical summary of compartment analysis. The second part deals with computer simulation. The third part introduces a novel identification method. Examples of practical application are given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126925089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94761
R. E. Barr, R. Hamlin, L. Abraham, D. E. Greene
A study was conducted of ten subjects to evaluate electromyographic (EMG) correlates to learning during manual control tracking. Subjects were seated in front of a CRT screen and manually tracked two different trajectories on two different days. The surface EMG signal was gathered from the supinator longus muscle and RMS-averaged over one-half-second intervals. Comparison of EMG RMS energy for the two target trajectories suggested a velocity-tracking profile. A two-dimensional curve fit, using amplitude scaling and time lead-lag shifts, was obtained using the EMG data and the two trajectory velocities. Results suggest that goodness-of-fit coincides with tracking accuracy, with the better trackers having a lower mean squared error in the best fit.<>
{"title":"Electromyographic evaluation of operator performance in manual control tracking","authors":"R. E. Barr, R. Hamlin, L. Abraham, D. E. Greene","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94761","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted of ten subjects to evaluate electromyographic (EMG) correlates to learning during manual control tracking. Subjects were seated in front of a CRT screen and manually tracked two different trajectories on two different days. The surface EMG signal was gathered from the supinator longus muscle and RMS-averaged over one-half-second intervals. Comparison of EMG RMS energy for the two target trajectories suggested a velocity-tracking profile. A two-dimensional curve fit, using amplitude scaling and time lead-lag shifts, was obtained using the EMG data and the two trajectory velocities. Results suggest that goodness-of-fit coincides with tracking accuracy, with the better trackers having a lower mean squared error in the best fit.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126904459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95187
L. A. Leung, S. Finkelstein, J. Slagle, W. Warwick
The use of health diaries to monitor patients with chronic diseases has often been complicated by difficulties encountered in data quality assurance and interpretation. Conventional data-handling schemes and statistical approaches often cannot handle all the complexities involved. A prototype expert system, MONITOR, has been developed to evaluate the home measurement data obtained from cystic fibrosis (CF) outpatients by approximating the reasoning process of a CF expert clinician. The system was developed initially for patients within the 6-12-year age range. It has been extended successfully to accommodate younger patients with an 87% correct classification record.<>
{"title":"An expert system approach to cystic fibrosis patient management","authors":"L. A. Leung, S. Finkelstein, J. Slagle, W. Warwick","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95187","url":null,"abstract":"The use of health diaries to monitor patients with chronic diseases has often been complicated by difficulties encountered in data quality assurance and interpretation. Conventional data-handling schemes and statistical approaches often cannot handle all the complexities involved. A prototype expert system, MONITOR, has been developed to evaluate the home measurement data obtained from cystic fibrosis (CF) outpatients by approximating the reasoning process of a CF expert clinician. The system was developed initially for patients within the 6-12-year age range. It has been extended successfully to accommodate younger patients with an 87% correct classification record.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114200907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95119
S. Hameroff, R. Watt, T. D. Jolly
The authors discuss classical signs and assessment of anesthetic depth as well as EEG applications. Assessment of anesthetic depth still rests on clinically relevant signs in use for more than a century. These signs, variable among different anesthetics and in the presence of other drugs, correlate imperfectly with anesthetic depth. Despite these limitations, there often are no other means to assess anesthetic depth. The vagaries of correlation between clinical signs and anesthetic depth, as well as the lack of further developments in monitoring anesthetic depth, stem partially from incomplete understanding of the brain activities most closely linked to perception, awareness and consciousness.<>
{"title":"EEG monitoring for anesthetic depth assessment","authors":"S. Hameroff, R. Watt, T. D. Jolly","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95119","url":null,"abstract":"The authors discuss classical signs and assessment of anesthetic depth as well as EEG applications. Assessment of anesthetic depth still rests on clinically relevant signs in use for more than a century. These signs, variable among different anesthetics and in the presence of other drugs, correlate imperfectly with anesthetic depth. Despite these limitations, there often are no other means to assess anesthetic depth. The vagaries of correlation between clinical signs and anesthetic depth, as well as the lack of further developments in monitoring anesthetic depth, stem partially from incomplete understanding of the brain activities most closely linked to perception, awareness and consciousness.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124896453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-12-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95184
S.-Y. Chen, W. Lin, C.-T. Chen
An expert vision system is proposed which integrates knowledge from diverse sources for tomographic image segmentation. The system mimicks the reasoning process of an expert to divide a tomographic brain image into semantically meaningful entities. These entities can then be related to the fundamental biomedical processes, both in health and in disease, that are of interest or of importance to health care research. The images under study include those acquired from X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. Given a set of three (correlated) images acquired from these three different modalities at the same slicing level and angle of a human brain, the proposed system performs image segmentation based on (1) knowledge about the characteristics of the three different sensors, (2) knowledge about the anatomic structures of human brains, (3) knowledge about brain diseases, and (4) knowledge about image processing and analysis tools.<>
{"title":"Sensor integration for tomographic image segmentation","authors":"S.-Y. Chen, W. Lin, C.-T. Chen","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95184","url":null,"abstract":"An expert vision system is proposed which integrates knowledge from diverse sources for tomographic image segmentation. The system mimicks the reasoning process of an expert to divide a tomographic brain image into semantically meaningful entities. These entities can then be related to the fundamental biomedical processes, both in health and in disease, that are of interest or of importance to health care research. The images under study include those acquired from X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. Given a set of three (correlated) images acquired from these three different modalities at the same slicing level and angle of a human brain, the proposed system performs image segmentation based on (1) knowledge about the characteristics of the three different sensors, (2) knowledge about the anatomic structures of human brains, (3) knowledge about brain diseases, and (4) knowledge about image processing and analysis tools.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128273857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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