Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94917
A. Pilla, S. Kahn, P. Nasser, K. Hess, M. Mont, S. Zuckerman, T. Radomisli, E. Mintz, M. Creighton, J. Kaufman, R. Siffert
Ultrasound (US) has been shown to have a significant impact on the rate of fibula osteotomy healing in 130 mature 3.5-5 kg female New Zealand white rabbits. Bilateral midshaft 1-mm fibular osteotomy-fractures were made using a gigli saw. US was applied to one limb for 20 min daily starting on postoperative day one using a 2.5-cm PZT transducer excited with a 200- mu m burst of 1.5 MHz sine waves repeating at 1 kHz and delivering 10-20 mW/cm/sup 2/. Animals were sacrificed at 6, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18, 21 and 28 days. All specimens were examined radiographically and from day 14 using destructive torsional testing. All radiographs were analyzed using contrast enhancement and when evaluated in a blind manner correlated highly with mechanical strength data. Ultimate strength increases compared to controls were most notable on postoperative days 16-21, when the treated limbs were 50% to 80% (p<0.01) stronger. Examination of the healing curve shows that intact strength is reached for the treated limb approximately twice as fast as for contralateral controls.<>
超声(US)已被证明对130只成熟3.5-5公斤雌性新西兰大白兔的腓骨截骨愈合率有显著影响。双侧中轴1毫米腓骨截骨骨折采用吉利锯。从术后第一天开始，使用2.5 cm PZT换能器，用200 μ m的1.5 MHz正弦波脉冲以1 kHz重复，传输10-20 mW/cm/sup /，每天将US应用于一侧肢体20分钟。分别于第6、10、14、16、17、18、21、28天处死。从第14天开始，所有标本都进行了射线检查和破坏性扭转试验。所有x线片均采用对比度增强法进行分析，并与机械强度数据进行盲评价。与对照组相比，术后16-21天的极限强度增加最为显著，当时治疗肢体的强度为50%至80% (p>
{"title":"Pulsed sine wave ultrasound accelerates fracture healing in the rabbit fibula","authors":"A. Pilla, S. Kahn, P. Nasser, K. Hess, M. Mont, S. Zuckerman, T. Radomisli, E. Mintz, M. Creighton, J. Kaufman, R. Siffert","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94917","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound (US) has been shown to have a significant impact on the rate of fibula osteotomy healing in 130 mature 3.5-5 kg female New Zealand white rabbits. Bilateral midshaft 1-mm fibular osteotomy-fractures were made using a gigli saw. US was applied to one limb for 20 min daily starting on postoperative day one using a 2.5-cm PZT transducer excited with a 200- mu m burst of 1.5 MHz sine waves repeating at 1 kHz and delivering 10-20 mW/cm/sup 2/. Animals were sacrificed at 6, 10, 14, 16, 17, 18, 21 and 28 days. All specimens were examined radiographically and from day 14 using destructive torsional testing. All radiographs were analyzed using contrast enhancement and when evaluated in a blind manner correlated highly with mechanical strength data. Ultimate strength increases compared to controls were most notable on postoperative days 16-21, when the treated limbs were 50% to 80% (p<0.01) stronger. Examination of the healing curve shows that intact strength is reached for the treated limb approximately twice as fast as for contralateral controls.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124851173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94644
R. Berger, J. Saul, P. Albrecht, S. Stein, R. Cohen
The authors previously determined that the transfer function between broadband respiratory activity and the heart-rate (HR) response can be used to elucidate the frequency-dependent phase and magnitude characteristics of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). To understand the complex links between respiratory activity and arterial blood pressure (ABP), the authors determined the transfer function between instantaneous lung volume (ILV) and the systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure (SBP, DBP, and PP) in healthy human volunteers during 6-minute periods in which the respiratory rate was voluntarily controlled in predetermined but erratic fashion. A pharmacologic autonomic blockage was used to separate the direct links between respiration and ABP from the effects of RSA and ABP. Results suggest that with HR fluctuations eliminated, respiration affects ABP in proportion to the rate of change in ILV; however, when neural control of HR remains intact, the RSA plays an important role in the genesis of ABP fluctuations.<>
{"title":"Respiratory effects on arterial pressure: a novel signal analysis approach","authors":"R. Berger, J. Saul, P. Albrecht, S. Stein, R. Cohen","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94644","url":null,"abstract":"The authors previously determined that the transfer function between broadband respiratory activity and the heart-rate (HR) response can be used to elucidate the frequency-dependent phase and magnitude characteristics of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). To understand the complex links between respiratory activity and arterial blood pressure (ABP), the authors determined the transfer function between instantaneous lung volume (ILV) and the systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure (SBP, DBP, and PP) in healthy human volunteers during 6-minute periods in which the respiratory rate was voluntarily controlled in predetermined but erratic fashion. A pharmacologic autonomic blockage was used to separate the direct links between respiration and ABP from the effects of RSA and ABP. Results suggest that with HR fluctuations eliminated, respiration affects ABP in proportion to the rate of change in ILV; however, when neural control of HR remains intact, the RSA plays an important role in the genesis of ABP fluctuations.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128727324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94468
B. Shankar, K. Kothiyal, L. Fogelson, N. Thakor
The automatic implantable defibrillator delivers a shock directly to the heart. Optimal strategies for delivering these shocks were determined by studying a three-dimensional computer model of the electric fields produced by internal defibrillation electrodes. A finite-element technique was used to determine energy and current distribution in the heart for electrode configurations typically in use clinically. The model provides useful data on regional current and energy distributions.<>
{"title":"Electric fields in the heart in internal defibrillation","authors":"B. Shankar, K. Kothiyal, L. Fogelson, N. Thakor","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94468","url":null,"abstract":"The automatic implantable defibrillator delivers a shock directly to the heart. Optimal strategies for delivering these shocks were determined by studying a three-dimensional computer model of the electric fields produced by internal defibrillation electrodes. A finite-element technique was used to determine energy and current distribution in the heart for electrode configurations typically in use clinically. The model provides useful data on regional current and energy distributions.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116099946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95319
S. Hameroff, C. Schneiker, M. Voelker, Jackson D. He, E. Dereniak, R. McCuskey
The authors describe their efforts to use STM to image and manipulate biomolecular structures such a collagen. They present design considerations for a precursor to the nanotechnology workstation: a two-tip STM. The authors also note some future possibilities for scanning tunneling engineering and for nanoscale tunnel sensors and devices.<>
{"title":"Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) applications to molecular electronics","authors":"S. Hameroff, C. Schneiker, M. Voelker, Jackson D. He, E. Dereniak, R. McCuskey","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95319","url":null,"abstract":"The authors describe their efforts to use STM to image and manipulate biomolecular structures such a collagen. They present design considerations for a precursor to the nanotechnology workstation: a two-tip STM. The authors also note some future possibilities for scanning tunneling engineering and for nanoscale tunnel sensors and devices.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125204967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94928
T. Talbot, D. Cromack, J. Norton, H. Tipton
Male Fischer rats were given a full thickness, dorsal midline wound with a scalpel, and the wound was closed with 9-mm clips at 1-cm intervals. At postoperative day 14 the rats were sacrificed and wound-breaking strengths (WBS) for various strain rates were determined. The results demonstrated a dramatic dependence of WBS on strain rate.<>
{"title":"Strain rate dependency of wound breaking strength for the dermal wound model","authors":"T. Talbot, D. Cromack, J. Norton, H. Tipton","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94928","url":null,"abstract":"Male Fischer rats were given a full thickness, dorsal midline wound with a scalpel, and the wound was closed with 9-mm clips at 1-cm intervals. At postoperative day 14 the rats were sacrificed and wound-breaking strengths (WBS) for various strain rates were determined. The results demonstrated a dramatic dependence of WBS on strain rate.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126487257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95240
M. R. Mulligan, R. O'Neill, P. Zei, L. Tung
The effects of high-intensity electric fields on excitability and contractility of the heart at the cellular level are pertinent to defibrillation and electrical ablation. Stimulation of single cardiac cells with a rectangular pulsed electric field elicits twitch contraction. Variation of the stimulus intensity and duration shows a distinct strength-duration curve for the threshold of excitation, T1. T1 is mediated by the cell orientation with respect to the electric field (parallel or perpendicular). Above the threshold level is a second threshold level, T2, for cellular contracture. T2 has a shape similar to that of T1, and may be a consequence of formation of pores in the cell membrane (electroporation).<>
{"title":"Graded effects of pulsed electric fields on contractility of single heart cells","authors":"M. R. Mulligan, R. O'Neill, P. Zei, L. Tung","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95240","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of high-intensity electric fields on excitability and contractility of the heart at the cellular level are pertinent to defibrillation and electrical ablation. Stimulation of single cardiac cells with a rectangular pulsed electric field elicits twitch contraction. Variation of the stimulus intensity and duration shows a distinct strength-duration curve for the threshold of excitation, T1. T1 is mediated by the cell orientation with respect to the electric field (parallel or perpendicular). Above the threshold level is a second threshold level, T2, for cellular contracture. T2 has a shape similar to that of T1, and may be a consequence of formation of pores in the cell membrane (electroporation).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"16 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120988700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94577
D. Parker, J. Wu, R. van Bree
The three-dimensional reconstruction of vascular networks from X-ray projection images is reviewed in analogy to general three-dimensional computed tomography. Intrinsic vascular bed properties (connectivity, density (spareness), lumen dimensions, radio-opaque contrast uniformity, etc.) suggest a general data representation, provide a basis for the algorithmic nature of reconstruction, and can be used to predict tradeoffs between reconstruction accuracy, number of views, and view orientation.<>
{"title":"Three-dimensional vascular reconstruction from projections: a theoretical review","authors":"D. Parker, J. Wu, R. van Bree","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94577","url":null,"abstract":"The three-dimensional reconstruction of vascular networks from X-ray projection images is reviewed in analogy to general three-dimensional computed tomography. Intrinsic vascular bed properties (connectivity, density (spareness), lumen dimensions, radio-opaque contrast uniformity, etc.) suggest a general data representation, provide a basis for the algorithmic nature of reconstruction, and can be used to predict tradeoffs between reconstruction accuracy, number of views, and view orientation.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124512791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95156
H. Underwood, R. Magin
An effective local hyperthermia applicator should deliver controlled wave energy to anatomic sites so as to safely heat a tumor while leaving normal tissue unharmed. A multielement microstrip array can provide such control and has the advantage of a thin, lightweight, conformable structure that can heat sites in the chest-wall, abdominal and pelvic regions more efficiently. An important component of the design is a low-loss dielectric cover layer that increases the cavity resonance (Q) of a rectangular microstrip patch radiating into a biological medium. Impedance matching and radiated electric-field pattern characteristics are also improved by the cover layer for the goal of hyperthermia application. The choice of substrate dielectric constant is discussed as a major consideration in multielement microstrip array design.<>
{"title":"Rectangular microstrip radiator for a multielement local hyperthermia applicator","authors":"H. Underwood, R. Magin","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.95156","url":null,"abstract":"An effective local hyperthermia applicator should deliver controlled wave energy to anatomic sites so as to safely heat a tumor while leaving normal tissue unharmed. A multielement microstrip array can provide such control and has the advantage of a thin, lightweight, conformable structure that can heat sites in the chest-wall, abdominal and pelvic regions more efficiently. An important component of the design is a low-loss dielectric cover layer that increases the cavity resonance (Q) of a rectangular microstrip patch radiating into a biological medium. Impedance matching and radiated electric-field pattern characteristics are also improved by the cover layer for the goal of hyperthermia application. The choice of substrate dielectric constant is discussed as a major consideration in multielement microstrip array design.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"121 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124521547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94497
Stanley M. Finkelstein, W. Feske, J. Mock, P. Carlyle, Tom S. Rector, Spencer H. Kubo, Jay N. Cohn
Pulse contour analysis was used to determine systemic arterial vascular compliance in hypertensive (HT) and normotensive (NT) subjects. In seven hypertensives aged 43-58 yrs (mean age 52.1+or-5.5 yrs) and seven normotensives aged 33-59 yrs (mean age 43.7+or-9.9 yrs) both large artery (C1) and distal arterial (C2) compliance were determined from a peripheral arterial pressure waveform and cardiac output. Age differences were not statistically significant. Mean arterial pressure was 29% higher in HT (p<0.001). Cardiac output was 12% higher and heart rate was 6% lower in HT, but these differences were not significant. Systemic vascular resistance was 17% higher in HT (NS), while proximal and distal arterial compliance were 15% and 70% lower, respectively, in HT compared to NT. Only the difference in C2 was significant (p<0.02). Thus, distal vascular compliance may be a clinically useful parameter for evaluating hypertensive subjects before and during therapeutic intervention.<>
{"title":"Vascular compliance in hypertension","authors":"Stanley M. Finkelstein, W. Feske, J. Mock, P. Carlyle, Tom S. Rector, Spencer H. Kubo, Jay N. Cohn","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94497","url":null,"abstract":"Pulse contour analysis was used to determine systemic arterial vascular compliance in hypertensive (HT) and normotensive (NT) subjects. In seven hypertensives aged 43-58 yrs (mean age 52.1+or-5.5 yrs) and seven normotensives aged 33-59 yrs (mean age 43.7+or-9.9 yrs) both large artery (C1) and distal arterial (C2) compliance were determined from a peripheral arterial pressure waveform and cardiac output. Age differences were not statistically significant. Mean arterial pressure was 29% higher in HT (p<0.001). Cardiac output was 12% higher and heart rate was 6% lower in HT, but these differences were not significant. Systemic vascular resistance was 17% higher in HT (NS), while proximal and distal arterial compliance were 15% and 70% lower, respectively, in HT compared to NT. Only the difference in C2 was significant (p<0.02). Thus, distal vascular compliance may be a clinically useful parameter for evaluating hypertensive subjects before and during therapeutic intervention.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123331868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1988-11-01DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94669
R.K. Standridge, G. Kondraske
The authors present a phenomenological model of human muscular endurance intended to serve as a basis for investigations of the relationships between spectral parameter changes, neuromuscular system performance, and metabolic processes. Based on experimental observations as well as previous conceptualizations, it has been hypothesized that the rate of spectral moment decline is an indicator of the force produced by the muscle, and that the relative spectral moment magnitude is related to the efficiency with which the muscle utilizes available force-producing resources. Simulated results obtained with the model show good agreement with experimental data.<>
{"title":"A model for the dynamics of myoelectric spectral changes during sustained contractions","authors":"R.K. Standridge, G. Kondraske","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94669","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a phenomenological model of human muscular endurance intended to serve as a basis for investigations of the relationships between spectral parameter changes, neuromuscular system performance, and metabolic processes. Based on experimental observations as well as previous conceptualizations, it has been hypothesized that the rate of spectral moment decline is an indicator of the force produced by the muscle, and that the relative spectral moment magnitude is related to the efficiency with which the muscle utilizes available force-producing resources. Simulated results obtained with the model show good agreement with experimental data.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":227170,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1988-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116052748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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