Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.1022
T. Nishiyama, Takeshi Yamanaka
It has recently become necessary to develop a system for dealing with the large amounts of shredder dust generated declining abandoned automobiles and home electric appliances because of landfill space nationwide and stringent regulations on leachate control. In 1992, about 1.2 million tonnes of shredders containing an estimated 36 thousand tonnes of copper, 3.6 thousand tonnes of lead, 6 thousand tonnes of zinc and 5, 400 Gcal were derived from automobiles. The shredders from home electric appliance disposal accounted for 230 thousand tonnes containing 22 thousand tonnes of copper. The amounts of shredder dust has been estimated to increase to 1.37 million tonnes by 2000, and to 1.56 million tonnes by 2005.A new project, the Recycle Mine Park (RMP) has been proposed to solve the problems of increasing amounts of automobile and home electric appliance scrap. The RMP uses technology to recover energy and metals. Since methods have been developed to recover energy and various kinds of metals including in base and hazardous metals, the largest problem of the project remains establishment of reasonable and economical system. About 30% of the shredder dust described above is generated in the western part of Japan.Smelters are located on the coast of the Inland Sea of Seto in this area, which reduces the cost of transportion. The recycing network in the western part of Japan excluding pretreatment combines the best features of being in the vicinity of a large amount of shredder dust, marine transportion and the presence of modern smelters. Pretreatment such as incineration or cracking which is additional treatment for the smelter feed is proved in small scale.Wehope that the unique system for recycing of shredder dust including collection, pretreatment, marine transportation and smeltering can be put into operation as soon as possible. The increasing costof suitable land for landfills, the stringent regulations on leachate control, and other costs makethis an attractive system.
{"title":"Recycling. The Current Problem of Shredder Dust Derived from Automobiles and Home Electric Appliances. New system for dealing with shredder dust in the western part of Japan.","authors":"T. Nishiyama, Takeshi Yamanaka","doi":"10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.1022","url":null,"abstract":"It has recently become necessary to develop a system for dealing with the large amounts of shredder dust generated declining abandoned automobiles and home electric appliances because of landfill space nationwide and stringent regulations on leachate control. In 1992, about 1.2 million tonnes of shredders containing an estimated 36 thousand tonnes of copper, 3.6 thousand tonnes of lead, 6 thousand tonnes of zinc and 5, 400 Gcal were derived from automobiles. The shredders from home electric appliance disposal accounted for 230 thousand tonnes containing 22 thousand tonnes of copper. The amounts of shredder dust has been estimated to increase to 1.37 million tonnes by 2000, and to 1.56 million tonnes by 2005.A new project, the Recycle Mine Park (RMP) has been proposed to solve the problems of increasing amounts of automobile and home electric appliance scrap. The RMP uses technology to recover energy and metals. Since methods have been developed to recover energy and various kinds of metals including in base and hazardous metals, the largest problem of the project remains establishment of reasonable and economical system. About 30% of the shredder dust described above is generated in the western part of Japan.Smelters are located on the coast of the Inland Sea of Seto in this area, which reduces the cost of transportion. The recycing network in the western part of Japan excluding pretreatment combines the best features of being in the vicinity of a large amount of shredder dust, marine transportion and the presence of modern smelters. Pretreatment such as incineration or cracking which is additional treatment for the smelter feed is proved in small scale.Wehope that the unique system for recycing of shredder dust including collection, pretreatment, marine transportation and smeltering can be put into operation as soon as possible. The increasing costof suitable land for landfills, the stringent regulations on leachate control, and other costs makethis an attractive system.","PeriodicalId":22754,"journal":{"name":"The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan","volume":"23 5 1","pages":"1022-1026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82719611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.999
Yoshiki Sato
The present status on the production and waste treatment of used tires in Japan are summarized and the recent activities of research on the recycling of used tires are introduced.For recycling used tires, liquid-phase cracking was tried using various kinds of solvents under low pressure of N2-H2. Experiments were carried out using a 200ml autoclave with magnetic stirrer at 300-440°C, initial H2or N2pressure of 2.0-8.5 MPa, reaction time of 20-60 min with solvent to tire weight ratio of 1-2.5. When hydrogen donating solvent such as tetralin was used for cracking, almost all organic matter could be converted to light oil with very low sulfur content of 0.5 wt% by the reaction under low nitrogen pressure. Reaction residue can also be reused as carbon black for rubber manufacturing.
{"title":"Recycling. Recycling of Used Tires.","authors":"Yoshiki Sato","doi":"10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.999","url":null,"abstract":"The present status on the production and waste treatment of used tires in Japan are summarized and the recent activities of research on the recycling of used tires are introduced.For recycling used tires, liquid-phase cracking was tried using various kinds of solvents under low pressure of N2-H2. Experiments were carried out using a 200ml autoclave with magnetic stirrer at 300-440°C, initial H2or N2pressure of 2.0-8.5 MPa, reaction time of 20-60 min with solvent to tire weight ratio of 1-2.5. When hydrogen donating solvent such as tetralin was used for cracking, almost all organic matter could be converted to light oil with very low sulfur content of 0.5 wt% by the reaction under low nitrogen pressure. Reaction residue can also be reused as carbon black for rubber manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":22754,"journal":{"name":"The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan","volume":"26 1","pages":"999-1004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82514953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.53
H. Kitahara, O. Ogawa
As a basic study of the oxidizing roasting in a Dwight-Lloyd sinterig machine in the ISP, lead-zinc concentrate, zinc concentrate, recycled sinter fines, and pulverized sinter fines were roasted in air, and behavior of sulfur-containing compounds was investigated.The results can be summarized as follows.1. The charge to the sintering machine is discharged before it is brought, as a whole, to equilibrium with the gas phase in the machine.2. The roasting reactions are complicated owing to competitive formation and/or decomposition of oxides, sulfates, and basic sulfates.3. Most sulfur remains in the sinter as basic sulfates of lead and zinc.4. Desulfurization of recycled sinter fines and pulverized sinter fines by roasting in air is slow at temperatures below 1, 200°C which prevail in the sintering machine.
{"title":"A Basic Study of the Oxidizing Roasting in the Sintering Process of ISP.","authors":"H. Kitahara, O. Ogawa","doi":"10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.53","url":null,"abstract":"As a basic study of the oxidizing roasting in a Dwight-Lloyd sinterig machine in the ISP, lead-zinc concentrate, zinc concentrate, recycled sinter fines, and pulverized sinter fines were roasted in air, and behavior of sulfur-containing compounds was investigated.The results can be summarized as follows.1. The charge to the sintering machine is discharged before it is brought, as a whole, to equilibrium with the gas phase in the machine.2. The roasting reactions are complicated owing to competitive formation and/or decomposition of oxides, sulfates, and basic sulfates.3. Most sulfur remains in the sinter as basic sulfates of lead and zinc.4. Desulfurization of recycled sinter fines and pulverized sinter fines by roasting in air is slow at temperatures below 1, 200°C which prevail in the sintering machine.","PeriodicalId":22754,"journal":{"name":"The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan","volume":"36 1","pages":"53-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87369562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.107
K. Shin, Fangquan Li, S. Okubo
Through an extensive hydraulic fracturing experiment in granitic rock with low frequencies of joints, the initiation, reopening and closing behaviors have been carefully examined. zn this 3 rd report, the features which have not been dealt with in the previous two reports are discussed; the fracture direction and two deflection points in a shut-in curve.A numerical analysis based on the weakest-link theory reveals that, with increase of the maximum compression stress SH, the mean and the variability of hydro-fracturing tensile strength T increases, while the variability of fracture direction decreases.In this study, the vertical crack with a circular periphery tends to extend passing through the packers. When sufficient rate of flow is supplied for reopening the crack, the crack tip is fully open. After closing the water valve, the pressure is continuously decreasing, and the first deflection point Pctc is observed at the cracktip closing. With further pressure decrease, the crack surface is closing gradually from the outer to inner part. When the part of crack extended passing through the packers is closed, the second deflection point Ps2 is observed. Considering the crack-closing process, Ps2 should be larger than (3Sh-SH)/2 while Pctc is equal to the minimum compression stress Sh.In this experiment, different values of Ps2 have been observed at two depths while the values of Pctc (=Sh) are almost the same. According to the crack closing mechanism described above, smaller Ps2 suggests larger SH. At a depth with smaller Ps2, the variability of crack direction is small and SH is large. This result suggests that the variability of crack direction and Ps2 possibly give useful information for stress estimation.
{"title":"Hydraulic fracturing experiment in granitic rock with scarce joints in China(3rd Report). Characteristics of Initiation, Reopening and Closing Behavior of Hydraulic Fractured Crack.","authors":"K. Shin, Fangquan Li, S. Okubo","doi":"10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.107","url":null,"abstract":"Through an extensive hydraulic fracturing experiment in granitic rock with low frequencies of joints, the initiation, reopening and closing behaviors have been carefully examined. zn this 3 rd report, the features which have not been dealt with in the previous two reports are discussed; the fracture direction and two deflection points in a shut-in curve.A numerical analysis based on the weakest-link theory reveals that, with increase of the maximum compression stress SH, the mean and the variability of hydro-fracturing tensile strength T increases, while the variability of fracture direction decreases.In this study, the vertical crack with a circular periphery tends to extend passing through the packers. When sufficient rate of flow is supplied for reopening the crack, the crack tip is fully open. After closing the water valve, the pressure is continuously decreasing, and the first deflection point Pctc is observed at the cracktip closing. With further pressure decrease, the crack surface is closing gradually from the outer to inner part. When the part of crack extended passing through the packers is closed, the second deflection point Ps2 is observed. Considering the crack-closing process, Ps2 should be larger than (3Sh-SH)/2 while Pctc is equal to the minimum compression stress Sh.In this experiment, different values of Ps2 have been observed at two depths while the values of Pctc (=Sh) are almost the same. According to the crack closing mechanism described above, smaller Ps2 suggests larger SH. At a depth with smaller Ps2, the variability of crack direction is small and SH is large. This result suggests that the variability of crack direction and Ps2 possibly give useful information for stress estimation.","PeriodicalId":22754,"journal":{"name":"The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan","volume":"2013 1","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87984298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.929
Y. Okano
{"title":"Recycling. Physical Separation Techniques. Evaluation of Separation Performance.","authors":"Y. Okano","doi":"10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.929","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22754,"journal":{"name":"The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan","volume":"55 1","pages":"929-931"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88652662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.776
Akira Shimizu
{"title":"Developments of New Longwall Plants for the 1SD System in Taiheiyo Coal Mine.","authors":"Akira Shimizu","doi":"10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.776","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22754,"journal":{"name":"The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan","volume":"11 1","pages":"776-779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88626275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.9
Testuya Shoji, H. Kaneda
The Earth has evolved since the birth at 4.6 Gy B. P. Especially, the evolution has been remarkable on the surface that is the boundary between the fluid sphere and the solid sphere. Many kinds of mineral and fuel deposits were formed in the process of the evolution, and are used as resources by human being. For most of the resources, reproduction rates in the Earth's history are slower than consuming ones in the human activity. This is the resources problem. All of the materials mined are dumped after using them. This process is a bypass which is added on the material cycle in the Earth. The bypass changes the evolution of the Earth. This is the environmental problem. The increasing carbon dioxide is one of the big environmental problems. In order to solve the problem many ideas are proposed, such as fixing by calcium carbonate, deep-sea disposal of liquid carbon dioxide, fixing by carbon dioxide hydrate, and storage in abandoned natu al gas reservoir. Any idea among them has not been evaluated from the viewpoint of the Earth's history. The lack of the evaluation based on this point of view should not guarantee the safety of the disposal processes of carbon dioxide.
{"title":"Resources and the Environment: their Problems Viewed from the Earth's History.","authors":"Testuya Shoji, H. Kaneda","doi":"10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.9","url":null,"abstract":"The Earth has evolved since the birth at 4.6 Gy B. P. Especially, the evolution has been remarkable on the surface that is the boundary between the fluid sphere and the solid sphere. Many kinds of mineral and fuel deposits were formed in the process of the evolution, and are used as resources by human being. For most of the resources, reproduction rates in the Earth's history are slower than consuming ones in the human activity. This is the resources problem. All of the materials mined are dumped after using them. This process is a bypass which is added on the material cycle in the Earth. The bypass changes the evolution of the Earth. This is the environmental problem. The increasing carbon dioxide is one of the big environmental problems. In order to solve the problem many ideas are proposed, such as fixing by calcium carbonate, deep-sea disposal of liquid carbon dioxide, fixing by carbon dioxide hydrate, and storage in abandoned natu al gas reservoir. Any idea among them has not been evaluated from the viewpoint of the Earth's history. The lack of the evaluation based on this point of view should not guarantee the safety of the disposal processes of carbon dioxide.","PeriodicalId":22754,"journal":{"name":"The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan","volume":"1 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90597680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.472
M. Nishiwaki
{"title":"Recent advance in the resources and material technology. Measures for increasing ore processing speed at Onahama smelter.","authors":"M. Nishiwaki","doi":"10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.472","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22754,"journal":{"name":"The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan","volume":"18 1","pages":"472-477"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86669869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.301
H. Niitsuma
Acoustic emission (AE)/microseismic technique is employed in every modern geothermal development as the only means by which direct information about the state of the reservoir can be obtained at locations distant from the wellbores.The past few years has seen considerable improvement in their ability to analyze and interpret data obtained by the AE/microseismic measurements.But progress must still be made if the technique is to contribute characterizing geothermal reservoirs, providing usable information for borehole physics, rock mechanics and reservoir engineering.
{"title":"Characterization of Geothermal Reservoirs by Acoustic Emission/Microseismic Technique.","authors":"H. Niitsuma","doi":"10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.301","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic emission (AE)/microseismic technique is employed in every modern geothermal development as the only means by which direct information about the state of the reservoir can be obtained at locations distant from the wellbores.The past few years has seen considerable improvement in their ability to analyze and interpret data obtained by the AE/microseismic measurements.But progress must still be made if the technique is to contribute characterizing geothermal reservoirs, providing usable information for borehole physics, rock mechanics and reservoir engineering.","PeriodicalId":22754,"journal":{"name":"The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan","volume":"89 1","pages":"301-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79572889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1997-01-01DOI: 10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.754
Tadashi Suzuki
{"title":"The Development of Personal Computer of Explosive Gas Atmospheres.","authors":"Tadashi Suzuki","doi":"10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2473/SHIGENTOSOZAI.113.754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22754,"journal":{"name":"The Mining and Materials Processing Institute of Japan","volume":"35 1","pages":"754-756"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79585153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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