M. Diez, P. Nguyen, I. Jeusette, Claire Devois, L. Istasse, V. Biourge
{"title":"Weight loss in obese dogs: evaluation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.","authors":"M. Diez, P. Nguyen, I. Jeusette, Claire Devois, L. Istasse, V. Biourge","doi":"10.1093/jn/132.6.1685S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1685S","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86476227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this investigation was to see whether aging influences feeding behavior in cats. Two studies were carried out. In the first study, a standard canned cat food was fed to six young adult and six senior cats for 10 d on an ad libitum basis. Feeding behavior was monitored during the final 5 d. In the second study, diets enriched with beef tallow, olive oil or sunflower oil were fed at an equivalent energy intake for 21 d. Feeding behavior was monitored during the final 5 d. The results of both studies indicated no significant differences between the young and old cats in the number of meals consumed, the amount consumed at each meal or the duration of each meal when fed either ad libitum or at equivalent energy intakes. Daily feeding patterns were similar for each of the 5 d for each cat, with cats tending to consume regular small meals throughout the day and night. The only significant differences noted were among the fat-enriched diets. The diet enriched with beef tallow had fewer refusals compared to the diets enriched with olive oil and sunflower oil, indicating a possible palatability differential. It was concluded that cats of all ages are habitual feeders with similar daily feeding patterns, which may be altered only with a change in diet. Given that no differences were seen between the young and senior cats, it cannot be assumed that feeding patterns are responsible for the previously observed age-related decreases in apparent digestibility.
{"title":"Aging does not influence feeding behavior in cats.","authors":"S. Peachey, S. Peachey, E. Harper","doi":"10.1093/jn/132.6.1735S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1735S","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this investigation was to see whether aging influences feeding behavior in cats. Two studies were carried out. In the first study, a standard canned cat food was fed to six young adult and six senior cats for 10 d on an ad libitum basis. Feeding behavior was monitored during the final 5 d. In the second study, diets enriched with beef tallow, olive oil or sunflower oil were fed at an equivalent energy intake for 21 d. Feeding behavior was monitored during the final 5 d. The results of both studies indicated no significant differences between the young and old cats in the number of meals consumed, the amount consumed at each meal or the duration of each meal when fed either ad libitum or at equivalent energy intakes. Daily feeding patterns were similar for each of the 5 d for each cat, with cats tending to consume regular small meals throughout the day and night. The only significant differences noted were among the fat-enriched diets. The diet enriched with beef tallow had fewer refusals compared to the diets enriched with olive oil and sunflower oil, indicating a possible palatability differential. It was concluded that cats of all ages are habitual feeders with similar daily feeding patterns, which may be altered only with a change in diet. Given that no differences were seen between the young and senior cats, it cannot be assumed that feeding patterns are responsible for the previously observed age-related decreases in apparent digestibility.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86164424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. P. Valero, A. Fletcher, B. D. De Stavola, J. Vioque, Vicente Chaqués Alepuz
Cataract is an important visual problem of older people and a substantial health care cost in many countries. Most studies investigating risk factors for cataract have been conducted in the United States, and there is less information on the possible role of dietary factors in European populations. We conducted a case-control study to investigate the association of antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, zeaxanthin and lutein) and minerals (zinc and selenium) and risk of cataract in a Mediterranean population. Cases with cataract (343) and 334 age/sex frequency-matched controls aged 55 to 74 y were selected from an ophthalmic outreach clinic in Valencia, Spain. Participants were interviewed about their diet using a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and other information on potential confounders, such as smoking, alcohol, and education. Blood samples were analyzed by a colorimetric method for vitamin C and by reversed-phase HLPC for other blood antioxidants. Blood levels of vitamin C above 49 micromol/L were associated with a 64% reduced odds for cataract (P < 0.0001). Dietary intake of vitamins C, E and selenium were marginally associated with decreased odds (P = 0.09, P = 0.09, P = 0.07, respectively), whereas moderately high levels of blood lycopene (>0.30 micromol/L) were associated with a 46% increased odds of cataract (P = 0.04). Our results strengthen the evidence for a protective role for vitamin C on the aging lens as this effect was seen in a population characterized by high vitamin C intakes.
白内障是老年人的一个重要视力问题，在许多国家也是一项重要的医疗保健费用。大多数调查白内障危险因素的研究都是在美国进行的，关于饮食因素在欧洲人群中可能起的作用的信息较少。我们进行了一项病例对照研究，以调查地中海人群中抗氧化维生素(维生素C、维生素E、维生素a、β -胡萝卜素、α -胡萝卜素、β -隐黄质、番茄红素、玉米黄质和叶黄素)和矿物质(锌和硒)与白内障风险的关系。从西班牙瓦伦西亚的一家眼科外展诊所选择了343例白内障患者和334例年龄/性别频率匹配的对照组，年龄在55至74岁之间。研究人员使用食物频率问卷对参与者的饮食进行了采访，并对其他潜在的混杂因素(如吸烟、饮酒和受教育程度)进行了采访。血液样本用比色法分析维生素C，用反相HLPC法分析其他血液抗氧化剂。血液中维生素C水平高于49微mol/L与白内障发病率降低64%相关(P < 0.0001)。饮食中维生素C、E和硒的摄入与白内障发病率降低有轻微的相关性(P = 0.09, P = 0.09, P = 0.07)，而血液中番茄红素水平较高(>0.30微mol/L)与白内障发病率增加46%相关(P = 0.04)。我们的研究结果加强了维生素C对老化晶状体的保护作用的证据，因为这种作用在维生素C摄入量高的人群中可见。
{"title":"Vitamin C is associated with reduced risk of cataract in a Mediterranean population.","authors":"M. P. Valero, A. Fletcher, B. D. De Stavola, J. Vioque, Vicente Chaqués Alepuz","doi":"10.1093/JN/132.6.1299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JN/132.6.1299","url":null,"abstract":"Cataract is an important visual problem of older people and a substantial health care cost in many countries. Most studies investigating risk factors for cataract have been conducted in the United States, and there is less information on the possible role of dietary factors in European populations. We conducted a case-control study to investigate the association of antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin A, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, zeaxanthin and lutein) and minerals (zinc and selenium) and risk of cataract in a Mediterranean population. Cases with cataract (343) and 334 age/sex frequency-matched controls aged 55 to 74 y were selected from an ophthalmic outreach clinic in Valencia, Spain. Participants were interviewed about their diet using a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and other information on potential confounders, such as smoking, alcohol, and education. Blood samples were analyzed by a colorimetric method for vitamin C and by reversed-phase HLPC for other blood antioxidants. Blood levels of vitamin C above 49 micromol/L were associated with a 64% reduced odds for cataract (P < 0.0001). Dietary intake of vitamins C, E and selenium were marginally associated with decreased odds (P = 0.09, P = 0.09, P = 0.07, respectively), whereas moderately high levels of blood lycopene (>0.30 micromol/L) were associated with a 46% increased odds of cataract (P = 0.04). Our results strengthen the evidence for a protective role for vitamin C on the aging lens as this effect was seen in a population characterized by high vitamin C intakes.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86515704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We showed previously that dietary sesame seed and its lignans elevate the tocopherol concentration in rats. To clarify their effect on tocopherol metabolism, we determined in this study the urinary excretion of 2,7,8-trimethyl-2(2'-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman (gamma-CEHC), a gamma-tocopherol metabolite, in rats fed sesame seed or its lignans. Rats were fed diets with or without sesame seed for 28 d in Experiment 1, and for 1, 3 and 7 d in Experiment 2. On d 28, dietary sesame seed elevated (P < 0.05) gamma-tocopherol concentrations in liver, kidney, brain and serum, and decreased (P < 0.05) urinary excretion of gamma-CEHC. The excretion was completely inhibited by feeding sesame seed on d 1 and 3. In Experiment 3, the effects of dietary sesamin and sesaminol (major lignans in sesame seed) or ketoconazole (a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P(450) (CYP)3A on urinary excretion of gamma-CEHC in rats fed gamma-tocopherol were examined. The urinary gamma-CEHC in rats fed sesamin or sesaminol was markedly lower than in rats fed gamma-tocopherol alone (P < 0.05). Dietary ketoconazole also inhibited (P < 0.05) urinary excretion of gamma-CEHC, and elevated (P < 0.05) gamma-tocopherol concentrations in tissues and serum of rats fed gamma-tocopherol. These data suggest that sesame seed and its lignans elevate gamma-tocopherol concentration due to the inhibition of CYP3A-dependent metabolism of gamma-tocopherol.
{"title":"Dietary sesame seed and its lignans inhibit 2,7,8-trimethyl- 2(2'-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman excretion into urine of rats fed gamma-tocopherol.","authors":"S. Ikeda, Tomoko Tohyama, K. Yamashita","doi":"10.1093/JN/132.5.961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JN/132.5.961","url":null,"abstract":"We showed previously that dietary sesame seed and its lignans elevate the tocopherol concentration in rats. To clarify their effect on tocopherol metabolism, we determined in this study the urinary excretion of 2,7,8-trimethyl-2(2'-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman (gamma-CEHC), a gamma-tocopherol metabolite, in rats fed sesame seed or its lignans. Rats were fed diets with or without sesame seed for 28 d in Experiment 1, and for 1, 3 and 7 d in Experiment 2. On d 28, dietary sesame seed elevated (P < 0.05) gamma-tocopherol concentrations in liver, kidney, brain and serum, and decreased (P < 0.05) urinary excretion of gamma-CEHC. The excretion was completely inhibited by feeding sesame seed on d 1 and 3. In Experiment 3, the effects of dietary sesamin and sesaminol (major lignans in sesame seed) or ketoconazole (a selective inhibitor of cytochrome P(450) (CYP)3A on urinary excretion of gamma-CEHC in rats fed gamma-tocopherol were examined. The urinary gamma-CEHC in rats fed sesamin or sesaminol was markedly lower than in rats fed gamma-tocopherol alone (P < 0.05). Dietary ketoconazole also inhibited (P < 0.05) urinary excretion of gamma-CEHC, and elevated (P < 0.05) gamma-tocopherol concentrations in tissues and serum of rats fed gamma-tocopherol. These data suggest that sesame seed and its lignans elevate gamma-tocopherol concentration due to the inhibition of CYP3A-dependent metabolism of gamma-tocopherol.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78830628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past few years, there has been increasing interest in the possible hormonal effects of soy and soy isoflavone consumption in both women and men. Soy consumption has been suggested to exert potentially cancer-preventive effects in premenopausal women, such as increased menstrual cycle length and sex hormone-binding globulin levels and decreased estrogen levels. There has been some concern that consumption of phytoestrogens might exert adverse effects on men's fertility, such as lowered testosterone levels and semen quality. The studies in women have provided modest support for beneficial effects. One cross-sectional study showed serum estrogens to be inversely associated with soy intake. Seven soy intervention studies controlled for phase of menstrual cycle. These studies provided 32-200 mg/d of isoflavones and generally showed decreased midcycle plasma gonadotropins and trends toward increased menstrual cycle length and decreased blood concentrations of estradiol, progesterone and sex hormone-binding globulin. A few studies also showed decreased urinary estrogens and increased ratios of urinary 2-(OH) to 16alpha-(OH) and 2-(OH) to 4-(OH) estrogens. Soy and isoflavone consumption does not seem to affect the endometrium in premenopausal women, although there have been weak estrogenic effects reported in the breast. Thus, studies in women have mostly been consistent with beneficial effects, although the magnitude of the effects is quite small and of uncertain significance. Only three intervention studies reported hormonal effects of soy isoflavones in men. These recent studies in men consuming soyfoods or supplements containing 40--70 mg/d of soy isoflavones showed few effects on plasma hormones or semen quality. These data do not support concerns about effects on reproductive hormones and semen quality.
{"title":"Hormonal effects of soy in premenopausal women and men.","authors":"M. Kurzer","doi":"10.1093/JN/132.3.570S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JN/132.3.570S","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past few years, there has been increasing interest in the possible hormonal effects of soy and soy isoflavone consumption in both women and men. Soy consumption has been suggested to exert potentially cancer-preventive effects in premenopausal women, such as increased menstrual cycle length and sex hormone-binding globulin levels and decreased estrogen levels. There has been some concern that consumption of phytoestrogens might exert adverse effects on men's fertility, such as lowered testosterone levels and semen quality. The studies in women have provided modest support for beneficial effects. One cross-sectional study showed serum estrogens to be inversely associated with soy intake. Seven soy intervention studies controlled for phase of menstrual cycle. These studies provided 32-200 mg/d of isoflavones and generally showed decreased midcycle plasma gonadotropins and trends toward increased menstrual cycle length and decreased blood concentrations of estradiol, progesterone and sex hormone-binding globulin. A few studies also showed decreased urinary estrogens and increased ratios of urinary 2-(OH) to 16alpha-(OH) and 2-(OH) to 4-(OH) estrogens. Soy and isoflavone consumption does not seem to affect the endometrium in premenopausal women, although there have been weak estrogenic effects reported in the breast. Thus, studies in women have mostly been consistent with beneficial effects, although the magnitude of the effects is quite small and of uncertain significance. Only three intervention studies reported hormonal effects of soy isoflavones in men. These recent studies in men consuming soyfoods or supplements containing 40--70 mg/d of soy isoflavones showed few effects on plasma hormones or semen quality. These data do not support concerns about effects on reproductive hormones and semen quality.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84792479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An evaluation of the efficacy of biofortified foods for improving human nutrition and health requires both laboratory- and community-based trials. A three-step process is proposed. First, tests of nutrient bioavailability should be conducted in the laboratory. Various genotypes of modified foods may be screened for bioavailability using in vitro cell-culture systems or experimental animals before testing in humans. Second, comprehensive feeding trials are conducted to test the efficacy of the biofortified food for improving the nutrition and health of target populations. These trials are generally done for several weeks or months, and they involve measuring a comprehensive set of endpoints. If efficacy is demonstrated in the feeding trial, the third step, a community-based trial, is planned. This final trial involves evaluating the nutritional, health, agricultural, societal, environmental and economic effects of the biofortified food in the community. A multidisciplinary team including consumers, policymakers, health leaders, as well as scientists is required for successful completion of the community trial.
{"title":"Evaluating the impact of plant biofortification on human nutrition.","authors":"J. King","doi":"10.1093/JN/132.3.511S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JN/132.3.511S","url":null,"abstract":"An evaluation of the efficacy of biofortified foods for improving human nutrition and health requires both laboratory- and community-based trials. A three-step process is proposed. First, tests of nutrient bioavailability should be conducted in the laboratory. Various genotypes of modified foods may be screened for bioavailability using in vitro cell-culture systems or experimental animals before testing in humans. Second, comprehensive feeding trials are conducted to test the efficacy of the biofortified food for improving the nutrition and health of target populations. These trials are generally done for several weeks or months, and they involve measuring a comprehensive set of endpoints. If efficacy is demonstrated in the feeding trial, the third step, a community-based trial, is planned. This final trial involves evaluating the nutritional, health, agricultural, societal, environmental and economic effects of the biofortified food in the community. A multidisciplinary team including consumers, policymakers, health leaders, as well as scientists is required for successful completion of the community trial.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87782866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan-Xiang Pan, E. Wong, J. Dibner, M. Vázquez-Añón, K. Webb
To investigate the presence of poly(A)(+) RNA that encode proteins capable of transporting L-methionine (L-Met) and/or DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMB), Xenopus oocytes were injected with poly(A)(+) RNA isolated from broiler intestinal mucosa. Healthy oocytes at stage V or VI were collected from Xenopus laevis and microinjected with water, poly(A)(+) RNA or size-fractioned poly(A)(+) RNA. The ability of the injected oocytes to take up either L-Met or HMB was examined by incubating oocytes with [methyl-(3)H]-L-Met or [5-(14)C]-HMB. A greater uptake of L-Met (P < 0.01) and HMB (P < 0.05) by oocytes injected with poly(A)(+) RNA from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of the small intestine was observed compared with water-injected oocytes. The greatest (P < 0.05) uptake occurred when poly(A)(+) RNA from the jejunum or ileum was injected. Injections from four different pools of sucrose gradient--fractionated poly(A)(+) RNA from all three intestinal segments induced (P < 0.01) L-Met uptake. There were three to four different pools of sucrose gradient--fractionated poly(A)(+) RNA from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum that induced (P < 0.05) HMB uptake. Uptake of HMB was greater at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.5 and was independent of Na(+). Uptake of L-Met induced by all four poly(A)(+) RNA pools decreased dramatically when Na(+) was removed from the uptake buffer, which indicated that the majority of L-Met uptake was Na(+)-dependent. These results indicate that there are multiple sized poly(A)(+) RNA that encode proteins capable of mediated transport of L-Met and/or HMB present in broiler intestinal mucosa.
{"title":"Poly(A)(+) RNA encoding proteins capable of transporting L-methionine and/or DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid are present in the intestinal mucosa of broilers.","authors":"Yuan-Xiang Pan, E. Wong, J. Dibner, M. Vázquez-Añón, K. Webb","doi":"10.1093/JN/132.3.382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JN/132.3.382","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the presence of poly(A)(+) RNA that encode proteins capable of transporting L-methionine (L-Met) and/or DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (HMB), Xenopus oocytes were injected with poly(A)(+) RNA isolated from broiler intestinal mucosa. Healthy oocytes at stage V or VI were collected from Xenopus laevis and microinjected with water, poly(A)(+) RNA or size-fractioned poly(A)(+) RNA. The ability of the injected oocytes to take up either L-Met or HMB was examined by incubating oocytes with [methyl-(3)H]-L-Met or [5-(14)C]-HMB. A greater uptake of L-Met (P < 0.01) and HMB (P < 0.05) by oocytes injected with poly(A)(+) RNA from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum of the small intestine was observed compared with water-injected oocytes. The greatest (P < 0.05) uptake occurred when poly(A)(+) RNA from the jejunum or ileum was injected. Injections from four different pools of sucrose gradient--fractionated poly(A)(+) RNA from all three intestinal segments induced (P < 0.01) L-Met uptake. There were three to four different pools of sucrose gradient--fractionated poly(A)(+) RNA from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum that induced (P < 0.05) HMB uptake. Uptake of HMB was greater at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.5 and was independent of Na(+). Uptake of L-Met induced by all four poly(A)(+) RNA pools decreased dramatically when Na(+) was removed from the uptake buffer, which indicated that the majority of L-Met uptake was Na(+)-dependent. These results indicate that there are multiple sized poly(A)(+) RNA that encode proteins capable of mediated transport of L-Met and/or HMB present in broiler intestinal mucosa.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87905848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyphenolic compounds from green tea have been shown to reduce inflammation in a murine model of inflammatory arthritis, but no studies have been undertaken to investigate whether these compounds are protective to joint tissues. We therefore investigated the effects of catechins found in green tea on cartilage extracellular matrix components using in vitro model systems. Bovine nasal and metacarpophalangeal cartilage as well as human nondiseased, osteoarthritic and rheumatoid cartilage were cultured with and without reagents known to accelerate cartilage matrix breakdown. Individual catechins were added to the cultures and the amount of released proteoglycan and type II collagen was measured by metachromatic assay and inhibition ELISA, respectively. Possible nonspecific or toxic effects of the catechins were assessed by lactate output and proteoglycan synthesis. Catechins, particularly those containing a gallate ester, were effective at micromolar concentrations at inhibiting proteoglycan and type II collagen breakdown. No toxic effects of the catechins were evident. We conclude that some green tea catechins are chondroprotective and that consumption of green tea may be prophylactic for arthritis and may benefit the arthritis patient by reducing inflammation and slowing cartilage breakdown. Further studies will be required to determine whether these compounds access the joint space in sufficient concentration and in a form capable of providing efficacy in vivo.
{"title":"Catechins from green tea (Camellia sinensis) inhibit bovine and human cartilage proteoglycan and type II collagen degradation in vitro.","authors":"C. Adcocks, P. Collin, D. Buttle","doi":"10.1093/JN/132.3.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JN/132.3.341","url":null,"abstract":"Polyphenolic compounds from green tea have been shown to reduce inflammation in a murine model of inflammatory arthritis, but no studies have been undertaken to investigate whether these compounds are protective to joint tissues. We therefore investigated the effects of catechins found in green tea on cartilage extracellular matrix components using in vitro model systems. Bovine nasal and metacarpophalangeal cartilage as well as human nondiseased, osteoarthritic and rheumatoid cartilage were cultured with and without reagents known to accelerate cartilage matrix breakdown. Individual catechins were added to the cultures and the amount of released proteoglycan and type II collagen was measured by metachromatic assay and inhibition ELISA, respectively. Possible nonspecific or toxic effects of the catechins were assessed by lactate output and proteoglycan synthesis. Catechins, particularly those containing a gallate ester, were effective at micromolar concentrations at inhibiting proteoglycan and type II collagen breakdown. No toxic effects of the catechins were evident. We conclude that some green tea catechins are chondroprotective and that consumption of green tea may be prophylactic for arthritis and may benefit the arthritis patient by reducing inflammation and slowing cartilage breakdown. Further studies will be required to determine whether these compounds access the joint space in sufficient concentration and in a form capable of providing efficacy in vivo.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85304686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Jacques, Renee D Kalmbach, P. Bagley, G. Russo, G. Rogers, P. Wilson, I. Rosenberg, J. Selhub
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the synthesis of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the methyl donor for remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. The C677T MTHFR polymorphism is associated with mild hyperhomocysteinemia, but only in the presence of low folate status. Because MTHFR contains flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a prosthetic group, riboflavin status may also influence homocysteine metabolism. The objective of this study was to examine the association between riboflavin status and fasting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration while also considering MTHFR C677T genotype and folate status. The study was conducted using fasting plasma samples (n = 450) from the fifth examination of the Framingham Offspring Study cohort. All persons with the TT genotype and age- and sex-matched sets of individuals with the CT and CC genotypes were selected for determination of plasma riboflavin and flavin mono- and dinucleotide levels. Plasma riboflavin was associated with tHcy concentrations, but the association was largely confined to persons with plasma folate <12.5 nmol/L and TT genotype. In these persons, the mean tHcy among individuals with riboflavin levels <6.89 nmol/L was 14.5 micromol/L, whereas the mean tHcy for those with riboflavin > or = 11 nmol/L was 11.6 micromol/L (P-trend <0.03). Plasma flavin nucleotides were unrelated to tHcy concentrations. Our data suggest that riboflavin status may affect homocysteine metabolism, but only in a small segment of the population who have both low folate status and are homozygotes for the MTHFR C677T mutation.
{"title":"The relationship between riboflavin and plasma total homocysteine in the Framingham Offspring cohort is influenced by folate status and the C677T transition in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene.","authors":"P. Jacques, Renee D Kalmbach, P. Bagley, G. Russo, G. Rogers, P. Wilson, I. Rosenberg, J. Selhub","doi":"10.1093/JN/132.2.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JN/132.2.283","url":null,"abstract":"Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) catalyzes the synthesis of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the methyl donor for remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. The C677T MTHFR polymorphism is associated with mild hyperhomocysteinemia, but only in the presence of low folate status. Because MTHFR contains flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a prosthetic group, riboflavin status may also influence homocysteine metabolism. The objective of this study was to examine the association between riboflavin status and fasting plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration while also considering MTHFR C677T genotype and folate status. The study was conducted using fasting plasma samples (n = 450) from the fifth examination of the Framingham Offspring Study cohort. All persons with the TT genotype and age- and sex-matched sets of individuals with the CT and CC genotypes were selected for determination of plasma riboflavin and flavin mono- and dinucleotide levels. Plasma riboflavin was associated with tHcy concentrations, but the association was largely confined to persons with plasma folate <12.5 nmol/L and TT genotype. In these persons, the mean tHcy among individuals with riboflavin levels <6.89 nmol/L was 14.5 micromol/L, whereas the mean tHcy for those with riboflavin > or = 11 nmol/L was 11.6 micromol/L (P-trend <0.03). Plasma flavin nucleotides were unrelated to tHcy concentrations. Our data suggest that riboflavin status may affect homocysteine metabolism, but only in a small segment of the population who have both low folate status and are homozygotes for the MTHFR C677T mutation.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85983565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Burrin, B. Stoll, M. Fan, M. Dudley, S. Donovan, P. Reeds
To determine the cellular mechanism whereby oral insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) increases intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) activity, we studied 2-d-old pigs fed cow's milk formula (control, n = 5), formula + low IGF-I (0.5 mg/L; n = 6) or formula + high IGF-I (12.0 mg/L, n = 6) for 15 d. On d 15, intestinal protein synthesis and lactase processing were measured in vivo in fed pigs using a 6-h intravenous, overlapping infusion of multiple stable isotopes (2H(3)-Leu, 13C(1)-Leu, 13C(1)-Phe, 2H(5)-Phe, 13C(6)-Phe and 13C(9)-Phe). Morphometry and cell proliferation also were measured in the jejunum and ileum. Neither dose of IGF-I affected the masses of wet tissue, protein or DNA, or the villus height, cell proliferation or LPH-specific activity. Oral IGF-I decreased the synthesis and abundance of prolactase-phlorizin hydrolase (pro-LPH), but increased brush-border (BB)-LPH synthesis in the ileum. The BB-LPH processing efficiency was twofold to threefold greater in IGF-fed than in control pigs. In all pigs, villus height and the total mucosal and specific activity of LPH activity were greater in the ileum than in the jejunum, yet the synthesis of BB-LPH were significantly lower in the ileum than in the jejunum. We conclude that oral IGF-I increases the processing efficiency of pro-LPH to BB-LPH but does not affect LPH activity. Moreover, the posttranslational processing of BB-LPH is markedly lower in the ileum than in the jejunum.
{"title":"Oral IGF-I alters the posttranslational processing but not the activity of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase in formula-fed neonatal pigs.","authors":"D. Burrin, B. Stoll, M. Fan, M. Dudley, S. Donovan, P. Reeds","doi":"10.1093/JN/131.9.2235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JN/131.9.2235","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the cellular mechanism whereby oral insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) increases intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) activity, we studied 2-d-old pigs fed cow's milk formula (control, n = 5), formula + low IGF-I (0.5 mg/L; n = 6) or formula + high IGF-I (12.0 mg/L, n = 6) for 15 d. On d 15, intestinal protein synthesis and lactase processing were measured in vivo in fed pigs using a 6-h intravenous, overlapping infusion of multiple stable isotopes (2H(3)-Leu, 13C(1)-Leu, 13C(1)-Phe, 2H(5)-Phe, 13C(6)-Phe and 13C(9)-Phe). Morphometry and cell proliferation also were measured in the jejunum and ileum. Neither dose of IGF-I affected the masses of wet tissue, protein or DNA, or the villus height, cell proliferation or LPH-specific activity. Oral IGF-I decreased the synthesis and abundance of prolactase-phlorizin hydrolase (pro-LPH), but increased brush-border (BB)-LPH synthesis in the ileum. The BB-LPH processing efficiency was twofold to threefold greater in IGF-fed than in control pigs. In all pigs, villus height and the total mucosal and specific activity of LPH activity were greater in the ileum than in the jejunum, yet the synthesis of BB-LPH were significantly lower in the ileum than in the jejunum. We conclude that oral IGF-I increases the processing efficiency of pro-LPH to BB-LPH but does not affect LPH activity. Moreover, the posttranslational processing of BB-LPH is markedly lower in the ileum than in the jejunum.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85813795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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