{"title":"Interactions between the apparent energy and nutrient digestibilities of a concentrate mixture and roughages in horses.","authors":"E. Kienzle, Sabine Fehrle, B. Opitz","doi":"10.1093/jn/132.6.1778S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1778S","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"8 1","pages":"1778S-80S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76324578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zinc has been discussed as a feed additive to improve hoof horn quality and skin diseases. Hooves of good quality contain more zinc than hooves of poor quality (1). Because zinc supplementation seems to increase the zinc content of the hoof (1), the bioavailability of different zinc compounds became potentially important. In the present investigation the serum response after oral supplementation of different zinc compounds was investigated.
{"title":"Serum response after oral supplementation of different zinc compounds in horses.","authors":"B. Wichert, K. Kreyenberg, E. Kienzle","doi":"10.1093/jn/132.6.1769S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1769S","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc has been discussed as a feed additive to improve hoof horn quality and skin diseases. Hooves of good quality contain more zinc than hooves of poor quality (1). Because zinc supplementation seems to increase the zinc content of the hoof (1), the bioavailability of different zinc compounds became potentially important. In the present investigation the serum response after oral supplementation of different zinc compounds was investigated.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"6 1","pages":"1769S-70S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75203275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Substrate oxidation in male blue foxes (Alopex lagopus) during feeding, fasting and realimentation.","authors":"A. Tauson, A. Chwalibog, Ø. Ahlstrøm","doi":"10.1093/jn/132.6.1793S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1793S","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"104 1","pages":"1793S-5S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79388557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Predicting digestibility is a basic step for energy evaluation in horse feed. In horses, as in all species where microbial fermentation plays an important role in digestion, interactions between feed ingredients are even more important than those in other species. In horses suggestions for systems of energy evaluation usually refer to all feedstuffs and they are not limited to certain life stages or groups. It is quite common that the same mixed feed may be used for a leisure horse and a performance horse but in very different rations. Under these conditions it is not surprising that interactions between feedstuffs are widely neglected in predictive equations for digestible energy (DE). Several equations have been suggested that work quite well in some situations and lead to considerable errors in others (1,2). In our investigation we wanted to establish a predictive equation for DE on the basis of proximate nutrients with defined limitations for validity. The equation was derived mathematically from equations based on physiological considerations.
{"title":"A method to estimate digestible energy in horse feed.","authors":"A. Zeyner, E. Kienzle","doi":"10.1093/jn/132.6.1771S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1771S","url":null,"abstract":"Predicting digestibility is a basic step for energy evaluation in horse feed. In horses, as in all species where microbial fermentation plays an important role in digestion, interactions between feed ingredients are even more important than those in other species. In horses suggestions for systems of energy evaluation usually refer to all feedstuffs and they are not limited to certain life stages or groups. It is quite common that the same mixed feed may be used for a leisure horse and a performance horse but in very different rations. Under these conditions it is not surprising that interactions between feedstuffs are widely neglected in predictive equations for digestible energy (DE). Several equations have been suggested that work quite well in some situations and lead to considerable errors in others (1,2). In our investigation we wanted to establish a predictive equation for DE on the basis of proximate nutrients with defined limitations for validity. The equation was derived mathematically from equations based on physiological considerations.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"60 1","pages":"1771S-3S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85522459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Backus, Lisa M. Puryear, Barbara A Crouse, V. Biourge, Q. Rogers
Breath hydrogen (H(2)) concentration, an indicator of intestinal microbial abundance, was determined in cats given purified and commercial canned and dry-type diets. Before measurements, the cats were fed diets for more than 2 wk and habituated to a daily feeding interval of 4 hr. Breath H(2) concentrations were determined before a meal (approximately 25% daily MER) and then every 20 min for 8 hr or hourly for 10 hr. A clear rise above baseline breath H(2) concentrations, 1-2 ppm, was not observed in 6 males given a casein-based purified diet. A mean (+/- SEM) peak breath H(2) concentration of 22 +/- 4 ppm was observed in 6 other males, 6.3 hr after ingestion of a canned diet with protein, fat, and carbohydrate proportions similar to those of the purified diet. Area-under-the-curve (AUC) breath H(2) responses to the canned diet were substantially greater (p < 0.05) than responses observed in 5 males given a dry-type diet, but similar to responses observed in 12 males given an uncooked form of the canned diet. Gamma irradiation to inactivate microbes in the uncooked diet did not affect the breath H(2) response. Breath H(2) responses to 2 other canned and 2 other dry-type diets were evaluated in 8 adult females using a 4 x 4 Latin-square design. Peak and AUC responses to the canned diets were similar but approximately 2 times greater (p < 0.05) than responses to the dry diets. Relative to dry-type diets, canned diets induce a substantially greater breath H(2) production, and therefore appear to support a greater intestinal microbial population.
{"title":"Breath hydrogen concentrations of cats given commercial canned and extruded diets indicate gastrointestinal microbial activity vary with diet type.","authors":"R. Backus, Lisa M. Puryear, Barbara A Crouse, V. Biourge, Q. Rogers","doi":"10.1093/jn/132.6.1763S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1763S","url":null,"abstract":"Breath hydrogen (H(2)) concentration, an indicator of intestinal microbial abundance, was determined in cats given purified and commercial canned and dry-type diets. Before measurements, the cats were fed diets for more than 2 wk and habituated to a daily feeding interval of 4 hr. Breath H(2) concentrations were determined before a meal (approximately 25% daily MER) and then every 20 min for 8 hr or hourly for 10 hr. A clear rise above baseline breath H(2) concentrations, 1-2 ppm, was not observed in 6 males given a casein-based purified diet. A mean (+/- SEM) peak breath H(2) concentration of 22 +/- 4 ppm was observed in 6 other males, 6.3 hr after ingestion of a canned diet with protein, fat, and carbohydrate proportions similar to those of the purified diet. Area-under-the-curve (AUC) breath H(2) responses to the canned diet were substantially greater (p < 0.05) than responses observed in 5 males given a dry-type diet, but similar to responses observed in 12 males given an uncooked form of the canned diet. Gamma irradiation to inactivate microbes in the uncooked diet did not affect the breath H(2) response. Breath H(2) responses to 2 other canned and 2 other dry-type diets were evaluated in 8 adult females using a 4 x 4 Latin-square design. Peak and AUC responses to the canned diets were similar but approximately 2 times greater (p < 0.05) than responses to the dry diets. Relative to dry-type diets, canned diets induce a substantially greater breath H(2) production, and therefore appear to support a greater intestinal microbial population.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"39 1","pages":"1763S-6S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90192714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Wehr, Bettina Englschalk, E. Kienzle, W. Rambeck
Iodine is an essential trace element for both, humans and animals because iodine is part of the thyroid hormones, which play an essential role in growth and development. The horse has a high sensitivity for iodine: 3 to 5 g iodine/kg body weight (BW)/d is recommended (1), based on the requirement of other species. The feed should contain 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg dry matter (2). An overdosage of iodine often occurs because of the uncontrolled use of feed supplements in horse feeding practice. Even just an extra of 35 mg iodine per day (adult horses, dry matter intake: 10 kg) can cause severe health risks, leading to enlarged thyroids and lowered triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) values (3). Therefore a clinical indicator for the estimation of the equine iodine intake would be very useful. In humans and dogs (4), renal iodine excretion is used. The objective of this investigation was to find a similar practical indicator for horses. Thus, the following variables were measured: renal iodine excretion, fecal iodine excretion, protein-bound iodine in serum and serum concentrations of the thyroid hormones T3, T4, free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4).
{"title":"Iodine balance in relation to iodine intake in ponies.","authors":"U. Wehr, Bettina Englschalk, E. Kienzle, W. Rambeck","doi":"10.1093/jn/132.6.1767S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1767S","url":null,"abstract":"Iodine is an essential trace element for both, humans and animals because iodine is part of the thyroid hormones, which play an essential role in growth and development. The horse has a high sensitivity for iodine: 3 to 5 g iodine/kg body weight (BW)/d is recommended (1), based on the requirement of other species. The feed should contain 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg dry matter (2). An overdosage of iodine often occurs because of the uncontrolled use of feed supplements in horse feeding practice. Even just an extra of 35 mg iodine per day (adult horses, dry matter intake: 10 kg) can cause severe health risks, leading to enlarged thyroids and lowered triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) values (3). Therefore a clinical indicator for the estimation of the equine iodine intake would be very useful. In humans and dogs (4), renal iodine excretion is used. The objective of this investigation was to find a similar practical indicator for horses. Thus, the following variables were measured: renal iodine excretion, fecal iodine excretion, protein-bound iodine in serum and serum concentrations of the thyroid hormones T3, T4, free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4).","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"149 1","pages":"1767S-8S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73555704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Swanson, C. Grieshop, E. Flickinger, N. Merchen, G. Fahey
{"title":"Effects of supplemental fructooligosaccharides and mannanoligosaccharides on colonic microbial populations, immune function and fecal odor components in the canine.","authors":"K. Swanson, C. Grieshop, E. Flickinger, N. Merchen, G. Fahey","doi":"10.1093/jn/132.6.1717S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1717S","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"13 1","pages":"1717S-9S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85970222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Further developments in the prediction of metabolizable energy (ME) in pet food.","authors":"E. Kienzle","doi":"10.1093/jn/132.6.1796S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1796S","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"21 1","pages":"1796S-8S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87280216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plasma concentrations of leptin mirror changes in body weight but do not influence the pattern of the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in mink (Mustela vison).","authors":"A. Tauson, M. Forsberg, A. Chwalibog","doi":"10.1093/jn/132.6.1790S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1790S","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"49 3","pages":"1790S-2S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72555010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Ranz, M. Tetrick, B. Opitz, E. Kienzle, W. Rambeck
{"title":"Estimation of iodine status in cats.","authors":"D. Ranz, M. Tetrick, B. Opitz, E. Kienzle, W. Rambeck","doi":"10.1093/jn/132.6.1751S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1751S","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"16 1","pages":"1751S-3S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81686932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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