Cuiling Xu, V. Fang, Ranawaka A.P.M Perera, Andrea May-Sin Kam, S. Ng, Y. Chan, Kwok-Hung Chan, Dennis K M Ip, J. Peiris, B. Cowling
BACKGROUND Some studies have hypothesized that vitamin D may have a role to play in protection against influenza virus infections and illnesses, and that seasonal fluctuation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may affect seasonal patterns of influenza virus infections. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with the incidence of influenza virus infections and illnesses in children and adults in Hong Kong. METHODS In 2009-2010, 3030 children and adults of all ages from 796 households in Hong Kong were followed up to identify acute respiratory illnesses. Sera from 2694 participants were collected at baseline and after ∼1 mo, 6 mo, and 12 mo. Influenza virus infections were confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction performed on nasal and throat swab samples collected during illness episodes. Serologic evidence of influenza virus infection was measured by hemagglutination inhibition assays in unvaccinated participants. The serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured after collection of all specimens. Each individual's baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration on 1 January 2010 was predicted by a random-effects linear regression model. RESULTS We found that, in children and adults who had not received a seasonal influenza vaccine, baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations (<50 nmol/L compared with ≥50 nmol/L) were not statistically significantly associated with serologic evidence of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (RR, 1.18; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.65) or seasonal influenza virus infections [including A(H3N2) and B virus] (RR, 1.13; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.49). In all participants, baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations were not statistically significantly associated with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed influenza virus infection (RR, 1.15; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.83) and influenza-like illness (RR, 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.43). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that lower serum vitamin D concentrations may not contribute to the seasonality of influenza and are not associated with an increased risk of influenza virus infections in persons of all ages in Hong Kong.
{"title":"Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Was Not Associated with Influenza Virus Infection in Children and Adults in Hong Kong, 2009-2010.","authors":"Cuiling Xu, V. Fang, Ranawaka A.P.M Perera, Andrea May-Sin Kam, S. Ng, Y. Chan, Kwok-Hung Chan, Dennis K M Ip, J. Peiris, B. Cowling","doi":"10.3945/JN.116.234856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3945/JN.116.234856","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND\u0000Some studies have hypothesized that vitamin D may have a role to play in protection against influenza virus infections and illnesses, and that seasonal fluctuation in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may affect seasonal patterns of influenza virus infections.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000We aimed to investigate whether serum 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with the incidence of influenza virus infections and illnesses in children and adults in Hong Kong.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000In 2009-2010, 3030 children and adults of all ages from 796 households in Hong Kong were followed up to identify acute respiratory illnesses. Sera from 2694 participants were collected at baseline and after ∼1 mo, 6 mo, and 12 mo. Influenza virus infections were confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction performed on nasal and throat swab samples collected during illness episodes. Serologic evidence of influenza virus infection was measured by hemagglutination inhibition assays in unvaccinated participants. The serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured after collection of all specimens. Each individual's baseline serum 25(OH)D concentration on 1 January 2010 was predicted by a random-effects linear regression model.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000We found that, in children and adults who had not received a seasonal influenza vaccine, baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations (<50 nmol/L compared with ≥50 nmol/L) were not statistically significantly associated with serologic evidence of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (RR, 1.18; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.65) or seasonal influenza virus infections [including A(H3N2) and B virus] (RR, 1.13; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.49). In all participants, baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations were not statistically significantly associated with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed influenza virus infection (RR, 1.15; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.83) and influenza-like illness (RR, 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.43).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000These findings indicate that lower serum vitamin D concentrations may not contribute to the seasonality of influenza and are not associated with an increased risk of influenza virus infections in persons of all ages in Hong Kong.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"208 1","pages":"2506-2512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74519232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Ziaei, Anisur Rahman, R. Raqib, B. Lönnerdal, E. Ekström
Background: The effects of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on maternal micronutrient status are not well known. Objective: We compared the efficacy and effectiveness of 3 different micronutrient supplements on maternal micronutrient status when combined with food supplementation. Methods: In the MINIMat (Maternal and Infant Nutrition Intervention, Matlab) trial in Bangladesh, 4436 pregnant women were randomly assigned to daily intake of 3 types of micronutrient capsules: 30 mg Fe and 400 μg folic acid (Fe30F), 60 mg Fe and 400 μg folic acid (Fe60F), or multiple micronutrient supplements (MMNs) combined with early (week 9 of pregnancy) or usual (week 20 of pregnancy) food supplementation in a 2 by 3 factorial design. Plasma concentrations of vitamin B-12, folate, ferritin, and zinc were analyzed before the start of micronutrient supplementation (week 14) and at week 30 of pregnancy in 641 randomly selected women. An electronic monitoring device was used to measure the number of capsules taken. The effectiveness of food and micronutrient regimens as well as efficacy per capsule in maternal micronutrient status were analyzed by ANOVA and general linear models. Results: At week 30 of pregnancy, women in the MMN group had higher geometric mean concentrations of vitamin B-12 than women in the Fe60F group (119 compared with 101 pmol/L, respectively); no other differences in effectiveness of micronutrient and food regimens were observed. A dose-response relation between the number of capsules taken and concentrations of folate and ferritin was observed for all micronutrient supplements. Fe30F had lower efficacy per capsule in increasing ferritin concentrations within the first tertile of capsule intake than did Fe60F and MMNs. Because ferritin reached a plateau for all types of micronutrient supplements, there was no difference between the regimens in their effectiveness. Conclusion: Compared with Fe60F, MMNs produced higher maternal vitamin B-12 and similar ferritin and folate concentrations in Bangladeshi women. The MINIMat trial was registered at isrctn.org as ISRCTN16581394.
{"title":"A Prenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplement Produces Higher Maternal Vitamin B-12 Concentrations and Similar Folate, Ferritin, and Zinc Concentrations as the Standard 60-mg Iron Plus 400-μg Folic Acid Supplement in Rural Bangladeshi Women12","authors":"S. Ziaei, Anisur Rahman, R. Raqib, B. Lönnerdal, E. Ekström","doi":"10.3945/jn.116.235994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.235994","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The effects of prenatal food and micronutrient supplementation on maternal micronutrient status are not well known. Objective: We compared the efficacy and effectiveness of 3 different micronutrient supplements on maternal micronutrient status when combined with food supplementation. Methods: In the MINIMat (Maternal and Infant Nutrition Intervention, Matlab) trial in Bangladesh, 4436 pregnant women were randomly assigned to daily intake of 3 types of micronutrient capsules: 30 mg Fe and 400 μg folic acid (Fe30F), 60 mg Fe and 400 μg folic acid (Fe60F), or multiple micronutrient supplements (MMNs) combined with early (week 9 of pregnancy) or usual (week 20 of pregnancy) food supplementation in a 2 by 3 factorial design. Plasma concentrations of vitamin B-12, folate, ferritin, and zinc were analyzed before the start of micronutrient supplementation (week 14) and at week 30 of pregnancy in 641 randomly selected women. An electronic monitoring device was used to measure the number of capsules taken. The effectiveness of food and micronutrient regimens as well as efficacy per capsule in maternal micronutrient status were analyzed by ANOVA and general linear models. Results: At week 30 of pregnancy, women in the MMN group had higher geometric mean concentrations of vitamin B-12 than women in the Fe60F group (119 compared with 101 pmol/L, respectively); no other differences in effectiveness of micronutrient and food regimens were observed. A dose-response relation between the number of capsules taken and concentrations of folate and ferritin was observed for all micronutrient supplements. Fe30F had lower efficacy per capsule in increasing ferritin concentrations within the first tertile of capsule intake than did Fe60F and MMNs. Because ferritin reached a plateau for all types of micronutrient supplements, there was no difference between the regimens in their effectiveness. Conclusion: Compared with Fe60F, MMNs produced higher maternal vitamin B-12 and similar ferritin and folate concentrations in Bangladeshi women. The MINIMat trial was registered at isrctn.org as ISRCTN16581394.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"12 1","pages":"2520 - 2529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84837994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-10-13DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199736362.013.0022
J. Ledikwe, Julia A. Ello-Martin, B. Rolls
The rise in obesity rates over the past 30 y has been paralleled by increases in the portion size of many foods and the prevalence of eating away from home. Foods of particular concern are those that have a high energy density (kJ/g). Many well-controlled, laboratory-based studies have found that large portions of energy-dense foods can lead to excess energy intakes. This influence of large portions on energy intake has been supported by data collected in naturalistic settings. Further research is needed to explore strategies that can be used to moderate the effects of portion size on food consumption. One promising strategy is to reduce the energy density of foods, while maintaining food weight or volume, so that consumers can eat satisfying portions while reducing their energy intakes. There is a need for effective educational messages that not only emphasize limiting the consumption of foods high in energy density, but also encourage the consumption of those with a low energy density, such as fruits and vegetables. The delivery of consistent messages will require more cooperation among the food and restaurant industries, policy makers, and scientists. Effective strategies will also require consumers to understand and accept the importance of eating reasonable portions for better health.
{"title":"Portion sizes and the obesity epidemic.","authors":"J. Ledikwe, Julia A. Ello-Martin, B. Rolls","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199736362.013.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780199736362.013.0022","url":null,"abstract":"The rise in obesity rates over the past 30 y has been paralleled by increases in the portion size of many foods and the prevalence of eating away from home. Foods of particular concern are those that have a high energy density (kJ/g). Many well-controlled, laboratory-based studies have found that large portions of energy-dense foods can lead to excess energy intakes. This influence of large portions on energy intake has been supported by data collected in naturalistic settings. Further research is needed to explore strategies that can be used to moderate the effects of portion size on food consumption. One promising strategy is to reduce the energy density of foods, while maintaining food weight or volume, so that consumers can eat satisfying portions while reducing their energy intakes. There is a need for effective educational messages that not only emphasize limiting the consumption of foods high in energy density, but also encourage the consumption of those with a low energy density, such as fruits and vegetables. The delivery of consistent messages will require more cooperation among the food and restaurant industries, policy makers, and scientists. Effective strategies will also require consumers to understand and accept the importance of eating reasonable portions for better health.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"5 1","pages":"905-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86722257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2006-05-01DOI: 10.1197/J.AEM.2006.03.092
Haichao Wang, Wei Li, Jianhua Li, B. Rendon-Mitchell, M. Ochani, M. Ashok, Lihong Yang, Huan Yang, K. Tracey, Ping Wang, A. Sama
Despite recent advances in antibiotic therapy and intensive care, sepsis remains a widespread problem in critically ill patients. The high mortality from sepsis is in part mediated by bacterial endotoxin, which stimulates macrophages/monocytes to sequentially release early (e.g., tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interferon-gamma) and late [e.g., high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)] proinflammatory cytokines. Our discovery of HMGB1 as a late mediator of lethal systemic inflammation has initiated a new field of investigation for the development of experimental therapeutics. A popular Chinese herb, Angelica sinensis (also known as Dang Gui or Dong Quai) has been used traditionally for treating women with gynecological disorders (such as dysmenorrheal and hot flashes). Here we examined the effect of Angelica sinensis extract on endotoxin-induced HMGB1 release in vitro, and explored its therapeutic potential in animal models of lethal endotoxemia and sepsis [induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)] in vivo. We demonstrated that a low-molecular-weight (<10 kDa) fraction of A. sinensis extract significantly attenuated endotoxin-induced HMGB1 release in part through interfering with its cytoplasmic translocation in macrophage cultures. Prophylactic administration of an aqueous extract of A. sinensis significantly attenuated systemic HMGB1 accumulation in vivo, and conferred a dose-dependent protection against lethal endotoxemia. Furthermore, delayed administration of A. sinensis extract beginning 24 h after CLP attenuated systemic HMGB1 accumulation, and significantly rescued mice from lethal sepsis. Taken together, these data suggest that A. sinensis contains water-soluble components that exert protective effects against lethal endotoxemia and experimental sepsis in part by attenuating systemic accumulation of a late proinflammatory cytokine, HMGB1.
{"title":"The aqueous extract of a popular herbal nutrient supplement, Angelica sinensis, protects mice against lethal endotoxemia and sepsis.","authors":"Haichao Wang, Wei Li, Jianhua Li, B. Rendon-Mitchell, M. Ochani, M. Ashok, Lihong Yang, Huan Yang, K. Tracey, Ping Wang, A. Sama","doi":"10.1197/J.AEM.2006.03.092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1197/J.AEM.2006.03.092","url":null,"abstract":"Despite recent advances in antibiotic therapy and intensive care, sepsis remains a widespread problem in critically ill patients. The high mortality from sepsis is in part mediated by bacterial endotoxin, which stimulates macrophages/monocytes to sequentially release early (e.g., tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interferon-gamma) and late [e.g., high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1)] proinflammatory cytokines. Our discovery of HMGB1 as a late mediator of lethal systemic inflammation has initiated a new field of investigation for the development of experimental therapeutics. A popular Chinese herb, Angelica sinensis (also known as Dang Gui or Dong Quai) has been used traditionally for treating women with gynecological disorders (such as dysmenorrheal and hot flashes). Here we examined the effect of Angelica sinensis extract on endotoxin-induced HMGB1 release in vitro, and explored its therapeutic potential in animal models of lethal endotoxemia and sepsis [induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)] in vivo. We demonstrated that a low-molecular-weight (<10 kDa) fraction of A. sinensis extract significantly attenuated endotoxin-induced HMGB1 release in part through interfering with its cytoplasmic translocation in macrophage cultures. Prophylactic administration of an aqueous extract of A. sinensis significantly attenuated systemic HMGB1 accumulation in vivo, and conferred a dose-dependent protection against lethal endotoxemia. Furthermore, delayed administration of A. sinensis extract beginning 24 h after CLP attenuated systemic HMGB1 accumulation, and significantly rescued mice from lethal sepsis. Taken together, these data suggest that A. sinensis contains water-soluble components that exert protective effects against lethal endotoxemia and experimental sepsis in part by attenuating systemic accumulation of a late proinflammatory cytokine, HMGB1.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"104 1","pages":"360-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80597452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Susan M. Gale, V. Daniel Castracane, Christos S. Mantzoros
Health problems resulting from obesity could offset many of the recent health gains achieved by modern medicine, and obesity may replace tobacco as the number one health risk for developed societies. An estimated 300,000 deaths per year and significant morbidity are directly attributable to obesity, mainly due to heart disease, diabetes, cancer, asthma, sleep apnea, arthritis, reproductive complications and psychological disturbances. In parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of scientific and clinical studies on the control of energy homeostasis and the pathogenesis of obesity to further our understanding of energy balance. It is now recognized that there are many central and peripheral factors involved in energy homeostasis, and it is expected that the understanding of these mechanisms should lead to effective treatments for the control of obesity. This brief review discusses the potential role of several recently discovered molecular pathways involved in the control of energy homeostasis, obesity and eating disorders.
{"title":"Energy homeostasis, obesity and eating disorders: recent advances in endocrinology.","authors":"Susan M. Gale, V. Daniel Castracane, Christos S. Mantzoros","doi":"10.14341/2071-8713-5181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14341/2071-8713-5181","url":null,"abstract":"Health problems resulting from obesity could offset many of the recent health gains achieved by modern medicine, and obesity may replace tobacco as the number one health risk for developed societies. An estimated 300,000 deaths per year and significant morbidity are directly attributable to obesity, mainly due to heart disease, diabetes, cancer, asthma, sleep apnea, arthritis, reproductive complications and psychological disturbances. In parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of scientific and clinical studies on the control of energy homeostasis and the pathogenesis of obesity to further our understanding of energy balance. It is now recognized that there are many central and peripheral factors involved in energy homeostasis, and it is expected that the understanding of these mechanisms should lead to effective treatments for the control of obesity. This brief review discusses the potential role of several recently discovered molecular pathways involved in the control of energy homeostasis, obesity and eating disorders.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"98 1","pages":"295-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88126437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Cook, D. Frank, C. Berkowitz, M. Black, P. Casey, D. Cutts, A. Meyers, Nieves Zaldivar, A. Skalicky, S. Levenson, T. Heeren, M. Nord
The U.S. Household Food Security Scale, developed with federal support for use in national surveys, is an effective research tool. This study uses these new measures to examine associations between food insecurity and health outcomes in young children. The purpose of this study was to determine whether household food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes in a sentinel population ages < or = 36 mo. We conducted a multisite retrospective cohort study with cross-sectional surveys at urban medical centers in 5 states and Washington DC, August 1998-December 2001. Caregivers of 11,539 children ages < or = 36 mo were interviewed at hospital clinics and emergency departments (ED) in central cities. Outcome measures included child's health status, hospitalization history, whether child was admitted to hospital on day of ED visit (for subsample interviewed in EDs), and a composite growth-risk variable. In this sample, 21.4% of households were food insecure (6.8% with hunger). In a logistic regression, after adjusting for confounders, food-insecure children had odds of "fair or poor" health nearly twice as great [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.66-2.18], and odds of being hospitalized since birth almost a third larger (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.16-1.48) than food-secure children. A dose-response relation appeared between fair/poor health status and severity of food insecurity. Effect modification occurred between Food Stamps and food insecurity; Food Stamps attenuated (but did not eliminate) associations between food insecurity and fair/poor health. Food insecurity is associated with health problems for young, low-income children. Ensuring food security may reduce health problems, including the need for hospitalizations.
美国家庭食品安全量表是一种有效的研究工具，它是在联邦政府的支持下开发的，用于全国调查。本研究使用这些新措施来检查幼儿食品不安全与健康结果之间的关系。本研究的目的是确定家庭食品不安全是否与年龄<或= 36个月的哨兵人群的不良健康结果有关。1998年8月至2001年12月，我们在5个州和华盛顿特区的城市医疗中心进行了一项多地点回顾性队列研究，采用横断面调查。在中心城市的医院诊所和急诊科(ED)对11539名年龄<或= 36个月儿童的护理人员进行了访谈。结果测量包括儿童的健康状况、住院史、儿童在急诊科就诊当天是否住院(在急诊科采访的子样本)，以及一个复合生长风险变量。在该样本中，21.4%的家庭处于粮食不安全状态(6.8%的家庭处于饥饿状态)。在逻辑回归中，在调整混杂因素后，食物不安全儿童的“一般或较差”健康几率几乎是食物安全儿童的两倍[调整优势比(AOR) = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.66-2.18]，并且自出生以来住院的几率几乎是食物安全儿童的三分之一(AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.16-1.48)。健康状况一般/较差与粮食不安全的严重程度之间存在剂量-反应关系。食品券与粮食不安全之间发生效应修正;食品券减弱了(但没有消除)粮食不安全和健康状况不佳之间的联系。粮食不安全与低收入儿童的健康问题有关。确保粮食安全可以减少健康问题，包括住院的需要。
{"title":"Food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes among human infants and toddlers.","authors":"J. Cook, D. Frank, C. Berkowitz, M. Black, P. Casey, D. Cutts, A. Meyers, Nieves Zaldivar, A. Skalicky, S. Levenson, T. Heeren, M. Nord","doi":"10.1093/jn/134.6.1432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/134.6.1432","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Household Food Security Scale, developed with federal support for use in national surveys, is an effective research tool. This study uses these new measures to examine associations between food insecurity and health outcomes in young children. The purpose of this study was to determine whether household food insecurity is associated with adverse health outcomes in a sentinel population ages < or = 36 mo. We conducted a multisite retrospective cohort study with cross-sectional surveys at urban medical centers in 5 states and Washington DC, August 1998-December 2001. Caregivers of 11,539 children ages < or = 36 mo were interviewed at hospital clinics and emergency departments (ED) in central cities. Outcome measures included child's health status, hospitalization history, whether child was admitted to hospital on day of ED visit (for subsample interviewed in EDs), and a composite growth-risk variable. In this sample, 21.4% of households were food insecure (6.8% with hunger). In a logistic regression, after adjusting for confounders, food-insecure children had odds of \"fair or poor\" health nearly twice as great [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.66-2.18], and odds of being hospitalized since birth almost a third larger (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.16-1.48) than food-secure children. A dose-response relation appeared between fair/poor health status and severity of food insecurity. Effect modification occurred between Food Stamps and food insecurity; Food Stamps attenuated (but did not eliminate) associations between food insecurity and fair/poor health. Food insecurity is associated with health problems for young, low-income children. Ensuring food security may reduce health problems, including the need for hospitalizations.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"393 1","pages":"1432-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74930591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2003-01-01DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a037492
W. Beisel
{"title":"Symposium introduction.","authors":"W. Beisel","doi":"10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a037492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pubjof.a037492","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"48 1","pages":"314S-315S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86345760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vitamin D-deficient female rats are capable of reproduction; however, vitamin D deficiency reduces their overall reproductive capacity. It was previously suggested that the reduction in reproductive performance is a direct result of a lack of vitamin D rather than an effect of the hypocalcemia or hypophosphatemia that can be associated with vitamin D deficiency. In the present study, rats were fed one of three diets: 1) 0.47% Ca(+2) and 0.3% phosphorus (P(i)) with vitamin D; 2) 0.47% Ca(+2) and 0.3% P(i) without vitamin D; and 3) 20% lactose, 2% Ca(+2) and 1.25% P(i) without vitamin D. Their reproductive capacity was monitored. Vitamin D-deficient rats fed the high calcium, high phosphorus, 20% lactose diet had normal serum calcium (2.2 +/- 0.16 mmol/L), slightly lower phosphorus (1.5 +/- 0.3 mmol/L), and undetectable 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3). The decrease in reproductive capacity, as indicated by the fertility ratio and pup number per litter previously seen in vitamin D-deficient rats was completely corrected when serum calcium and phosphorus levels were normalized relative to vitamin D-replete rats. It appears likely that the diminished reproductive performance attributed to vitamin D deficiency is the result of hypocalcemia and/or hypophosphatemia caused by vitamin D deficiency.
{"title":"Reproductive defects are corrected in vitamin d-deficient female rats fed a high calcium, phosphorus and lactose diet.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/JN/132.8.2270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JN/132.8.2270","url":null,"abstract":"Vitamin D-deficient female rats are capable of reproduction; however, vitamin D deficiency reduces their overall reproductive capacity. It was previously suggested that the reduction in reproductive performance is a direct result of a lack of vitamin D rather than an effect of the hypocalcemia or hypophosphatemia that can be associated with vitamin D deficiency. In the present study, rats were fed one of three diets: 1) 0.47% Ca(+2) and 0.3% phosphorus (P(i)) with vitamin D; 2) 0.47% Ca(+2) and 0.3% P(i) without vitamin D; and 3) 20% lactose, 2% Ca(+2) and 1.25% P(i) without vitamin D. Their reproductive capacity was monitored. Vitamin D-deficient rats fed the high calcium, high phosphorus, 20% lactose diet had normal serum calcium (2.2 +/- 0.16 mmol/L), slightly lower phosphorus (1.5 +/- 0.3 mmol/L), and undetectable 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3). The decrease in reproductive capacity, as indicated by the fertility ratio and pup number per litter previously seen in vitamin D-deficient rats was completely corrected when serum calcium and phosphorus levels were normalized relative to vitamin D-replete rats. It appears likely that the diminished reproductive performance attributed to vitamin D deficiency is the result of hypocalcemia and/or hypophosphatemia caused by vitamin D deficiency.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"21 1","pages":"2270-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87430274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. J. Hargreaves, D. Kronfeld, J. Waldron, M. A. Lopes, L. Gay, K. Saker, W. L. Cooper, D. Sklan, P. Harris
{"title":"Antioxidant status of horses during two 80-km endurance races.","authors":"B. J. Hargreaves, D. Kronfeld, J. Waldron, M. A. Lopes, L. Gay, K. Saker, W. L. Cooper, D. Sklan, P. Harris","doi":"10.1093/jn/132.6.1781S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1781S","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"110 19 1","pages":"1781S-3S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74524363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In contrast to the rat, the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) absorbs significant amounts of -carotene from the diet and stores it in the liver and other tissues (1). Therefore, the ferret has been suggested to be an appropriate model for -carotene metabolism in humans (2). Furthermore, recent feeding experiments have shown that dietary -carotene and lutein may improve immunity as well as reproductive function in dogs and cats (3,4), which might be of importance when considering carotenoids as dietary supplements for these species. Ferrets share the physiological nonspecific transport of vitamin A in fasting blood plasma with canines and felids. In contrast to the human, vitamin A in plasma is present not only as retinol but also as retinyl esters (predominantly RS and RP) bound to all lipoprotein fractions (5). This not only results in much higher tissue levels of vitamin A in canines but is also associated with an excretion of retinol and retinyl esters in the urine (6). Feeding trials show that this excretion is probably tightly regulated, although cellular and molecular mechanisms of this excretion are still unknown (7). To investigate whether the ferret can be used as a model to study the metabolism of vitamin A in carnivores, we conducted feeding experiments that focused on the effects of different concentrations of vitamin A in the diet on the levels of retinol and retinyl esters in plasma and organs as well as on the excretion of vitamin A in the urine.
{"title":"The ferret as a model for vitamin A metabolism in carnivores.","authors":"J. Raila, C. Gomez, F. Schweigert","doi":"10.1093/jn/132.6.1787S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.6.1787S","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to the rat, the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) absorbs significant amounts of -carotene from the diet and stores it in the liver and other tissues (1). Therefore, the ferret has been suggested to be an appropriate model for -carotene metabolism in humans (2). Furthermore, recent feeding experiments have shown that dietary -carotene and lutein may improve immunity as well as reproductive function in dogs and cats (3,4), which might be of importance when considering carotenoids as dietary supplements for these species. Ferrets share the physiological nonspecific transport of vitamin A in fasting blood plasma with canines and felids. In contrast to the human, vitamin A in plasma is present not only as retinol but also as retinyl esters (predominantly RS and RP) bound to all lipoprotein fractions (5). This not only results in much higher tissue levels of vitamin A in canines but is also associated with an excretion of retinol and retinyl esters in the urine (6). Feeding trials show that this excretion is probably tightly regulated, although cellular and molecular mechanisms of this excretion are still unknown (7). To investigate whether the ferret can be used as a model to study the metabolism of vitamin A in carnivores, we conducted feeding experiments that focused on the effects of different concentrations of vitamin A in the diet on the levels of retinol and retinyl esters in plasma and organs as well as on the excretion of vitamin A in the urine.","PeriodicalId":22788,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging","volume":"1 1","pages":"1787S-9S"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79974216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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