Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2413-9084-2019-24-1-117-130
A. Gusev
{"title":"Representationalism and two theses of experience transparency","authors":"A. Gusev","doi":"10.21146/2413-9084-2019-24-1-117-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2413-9084-2019-24-1-117-130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":227944,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science and Technology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128328747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2413-9084-2022-27-2-136-149
D. Vinnik
This paper examines the possibility of artificial personality as a form of strong AI and as a model of the human psyche. It is argued that connectionism is not relevant for creating an artificial personality – brain is a hybrid system, which, in addition to self-learning circuits, contains algorithmic procedures. A hypothesis of the functional role of the awareness of self-consciousness property as a reflexive rank, since genuine intelligence arise, is proposed. AI as a model can be built as a hybrid multi-agent system. Some circuits may be analog, others – digital; some systems may be self-learning, others may operate under algorithmic rules and mathematical functions. The success of perceptronical inclines to idea that sensation modeling can be self-learning. The level of emotions can be realized as primary representations in the analog form. The later may be abstracted in judgments treated as secondary representations. The level of self-consciousness or meta-psychological states implies certain possibility of learning to self-learning (as an analogue of awareness of self-awareness) using secondary representations at the input.
{"title":"Some aspects of artificial personality architecture","authors":"D. Vinnik","doi":"10.21146/2413-9084-2022-27-2-136-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2413-9084-2022-27-2-136-149","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the possibility of artificial personality as a form of strong AI and as a model of the human psyche. It is argued that connectionism is not relevant for creating an artificial personality – brain is a hybrid system, which, in addition to self-learning circuits, contains algorithmic procedures. A hypothesis of the functional role of the awareness of self-consciousness property as a reflexive rank, since genuine intelligence arise, is proposed. AI as a model can be built as a hybrid multi-agent system. Some circuits may be analog, others – digital; some systems may be self-learning, others may operate under algorithmic rules and mathematical functions. The success of perceptronical inclines to idea that sensation modeling can be self-learning. The level of emotions can be realized as primary representations in the analog form. The later may be abstracted in judgments treated as secondary representations. The level of self-consciousness or meta-psychological states implies certain possibility of learning to self-learning (as an analogue of awareness of self-awareness) using secondary representations at the input.","PeriodicalId":227944,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science and Technology","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125236488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2413-9084-2019-24-1-61-68
S. Katrechko
{"title":"Comments on the Tom Rockmore’s article “Some сonsequences of Kant’s Copernican turn”","authors":"S. Katrechko","doi":"10.21146/2413-9084-2019-24-1-61-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2413-9084-2019-24-1-61-68","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":227944,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science and Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132651657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2413-9084-2022-27-2-58-71
D. Efremenko
The article introduces the publication in Russian of selected sections of the book “Social Change, with Respect to Culture and Original Nature” (1922) by the American sociologist William F. Ogburn, in which the main provisions of the cultural lag hypothesis are outlined. The milestones of Ogburn’s biography and scientific work are considered. It is shown that the cultural lag hypothesis has become the basis of a program of comprehensive studies of the social effects of technical inventions, which Ogburn has been implementing for several decades. The contribution of the cultural lag hypothesis to the social reflection of the phenomenon of technology is discussed, as well as the main directions of criticism of this concept.
本文介绍了美国社会学家威廉·f·奥格本(William F. Ogburn)在1922年出版的《关于文化和原生态的社会变革》(Social Change, with Respect to Culture and Original Nature)一书中的俄语选段，其中概述了文化滞后假说的主要条款。奥格本的传记和科学工作的里程碑被认为。研究表明，文化滞后假说已经成为奥格本实施了几十年的技术发明的社会影响综合研究计划的基础。讨论了文化滞后假说对技术现象的社会反思的贡献，以及对这一概念的主要批评方向。
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Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2413-9084-2021-25-2-145-150
O. Letov
The article is an analytical review of English-language articles on contemporary issues of bioethics. Ethical categories such as informed consent of the patient, the principle of freedom of choice of the subject, risk ethics, consequentialism and deontologism, etc. are considered. It is noted, in particular, that some moral principles provide an essential general point of view regarding judgments in the field of biomedical sciences, and that these principles cannot be convincingly ranked hierarchically. It is shown how the processes of specification and balancing connect broad principles and rules with specific moral judgments necessary in practical ethics. A deeper understanding of women’s experiences of fear of childbirth, interpreted through the metaphor of “being at a point where there is no return”, is demonstrated.
{"title":"Modern problems of bioethics (review)","authors":"O. Letov","doi":"10.21146/2413-9084-2021-25-2-145-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2413-9084-2021-25-2-145-150","url":null,"abstract":"The article is an analytical review of English-language articles on contemporary issues of bioethics. Ethical categories such as informed consent of the patient, the principle of freedom of choice of the subject, risk ethics, consequentialism and deontologism, etc. are considered. It is noted, in particular, that some moral principles provide an essential general point of view regarding judgments in the field of biomedical sciences, and that these principles cannot be convincingly ranked hierarchically. It is shown how the processes of specification and balancing connect broad principles and rules with specific moral judgments necessary in practical ethics. A deeper understanding of women’s experiences of fear of childbirth, interpreted through the metaphor of “being at a point where there is no return”, is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":227944,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science and Technology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121958771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2413-9084-2021-26-2-68-80
V. Przhilenskiy
The article analyzes the processes of transformation of a person's attitude to the world, which arose because of the active introduction of computer technology into management and production systems, as well as the use of electronic and digital devices in everyday life. The author reconstructs the evolution of the attitude towards the reality that occurred as a result of the digitalization of social practices and of the philosophical and theoretical reflections on these problems. Special attention is paid to the concepts of “virtual reality “and” digital reality”, and the design features of each of them are shown. The article substantiates the thesis that digital reality is the result of digitalization of social practices, both individual and collective. The article considers the specifics of defining the concept of virtual reality and its definition in the context of identifying the concept of digital reality. The first attempts to conceptualize the phenomenon of digital reality are analyzed, the experiences of using this concept are reconstructed, the main meanings are highlighted. A separate case is considered with a report on the need for a system design of the digital reality segment, proposed for the field of an expert information support of Russian science.
{"title":"The concept of digital reality: meaning and significance","authors":"V. Przhilenskiy","doi":"10.21146/2413-9084-2021-26-2-68-80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2413-9084-2021-26-2-68-80","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the processes of transformation of a person's attitude to the world, which arose because of the active introduction of computer technology into management and production systems, as well as the use of electronic and digital devices in everyday life. The author reconstructs the evolution of the attitude towards the reality that occurred as a result of the digitalization of social practices and of the philosophical and theoretical reflections on these problems. Special attention is paid to the concepts of “virtual reality “and” digital reality”, and the design features of each of them are shown. The article substantiates the thesis that digital reality is the result of digitalization of social practices, both individual and collective. The article considers the specifics of defining the concept of virtual reality and its definition in the context of identifying the concept of digital reality. The first attempts to conceptualize the phenomenon of digital reality are analyzed, the experiences of using this concept are reconstructed, the main meanings are highlighted. A separate case is considered with a report on the need for a system design of the digital reality segment, proposed for the field of an expert information support of Russian science.","PeriodicalId":227944,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128677050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.21146/2413-9084-2022-27-1-70-83
V. Bazhanov
Reproducibility crisis in science accepted by academia as acute issue (including the problem of funding). The goal of this article is to discuss how the phenomenon and the crisis of reproducibility is manifested in mathematics, and how it perceived by the mathematical community. We argue that traditional approaches to the analysis of the proof in mathematics presuppose its visibility, the possibility of fundamental verification of all steps of the proof by competent members of the scientific community. The meaning of the mathematical proof seen in its aim to convince community members of the correctness as a whole, and validity of all its components. By presenting a proof, its author takes on the (moral) responsibility that the statement (theorem) she formulates is correct, and everyone can repeat the path that leads to its justification. The increasing complexity of mathematical proofs in the course of its historical development and, above all, the expansion of computers as important elements of the proof, leads in some cases to the loss of its visibility. Thus, the shift of the reception of the proof to indirect signs is rather evident (confidence in the correctness of algorithmic procedures and provers). All this leads to the need to reconsider views on the degree of reliability of mathematical proofs and their assessment not as reliable, but only as plausible. This is the basis for characterizing the new era in the development of mathematics as “post-rigorous”, which raises serious problems related to comprehension and analysis of reproducibility in mathematics, and the status of proof in this era. These problems especially relevant in the context of expansion into the sphere of mathematical creativity of computer-based simulation and computers as a tool of discourse.
{"title":"Does the reproducibility crisis affect mathematics?","authors":"V. Bazhanov","doi":"10.21146/2413-9084-2022-27-1-70-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2413-9084-2022-27-1-70-83","url":null,"abstract":"Reproducibility crisis in science accepted by academia as acute issue (including the problem of funding). The goal of this article is to discuss how the phenomenon and the crisis of reproducibility is manifested in mathematics, and how it perceived by the mathematical community. We argue that traditional approaches to the analysis of the proof in mathematics presuppose its visibility, the possibility of fundamental verification of all steps of the proof by competent members of the scientific community. The meaning of the mathematical proof seen in its aim to convince community members of the correctness as a whole, and validity of all its components. By presenting a proof, its author takes on the (moral) responsibility that the statement (theorem) she formulates is correct, and everyone can repeat the path that leads to its justification. The increasing complexity of mathematical proofs in the course of its historical development and, above all, the expansion of computers as important elements of the proof, leads in some cases to the loss of its visibility. Thus, the shift of the reception of the proof to indirect signs is rather evident (confidence in the correctness of algorithmic procedures and provers). All this leads to the need to reconsider views on the degree of reliability of mathematical proofs and their assessment not as reliable, but only as plausible. This is the basis for characterizing the new era in the development of mathematics as “post-rigorous”, which raises serious problems related to comprehension and analysis of reproducibility in mathematics, and the status of proof in this era. These problems especially relevant in the context of expansion into the sphere of mathematical creativity of computer-based simulation and computers as a tool of discourse.","PeriodicalId":227944,"journal":{"name":"Philosophy of Science and Technology","volume":"44 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120850920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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