Introduction: The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of direct transcranial electrical stimulation (tDCS) of the motor and vision cortex on working memory and motor performance in girls with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test research design and a follow-up period of 1 and 42 days, 48 girls with developmental coordination disorder with an age range of 7 to 10 years were selected. There are randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 subjects, including motor cortex tDCS, visual cortex tDCS, sham stimulation, and control. Participants in the pre-test performed 3 working memory tests and 10 throwing and catching skills. The intervention phase was performed for 5 consecutive days. Each day, electrical stimulation of the brain on the motor cortex (C3 anode and Fp2 cathode), visual cortex (Oz anode and Cz cathode), and sham stimulation were performed. Participants performed 3 working memory tests and 10 throwing and catching skills. In the last session, the post-test phase was performed. 1 day and 42 days after the post-test phase, short-term and long-term follow-up phases were performed, respectively. Results: Results indicated the persistence of working memory and motor performance in girls with DCD in short-term and long-term follow-up tests. However, no significant difference was found between the effect of tDCS on the motor and vision cortex on working memory and motor performance. Conclusion: tDCS of the motor cortex and visual cortex significantly improved working memory and motor performance in girls with developmental coordination disorders.s
{"title":"Comparison of the Effect of Direct Transcranial Electrical Stimulation of Motor and Vision Cortex on Working Memory and Motor Performance in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder","authors":"F. Jazini, M. Sheikh","doi":"10.52547/shefa.10.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.10.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The purpose of the current study was to compare the effect of direct transcranial electrical stimulation (tDCS) of the motor and vision cortex on working memory and motor performance in girls with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test research design and a follow-up period of 1 and 42 days, 48 girls with developmental coordination disorder with an age range of 7 to 10 years were selected. There are randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 subjects, including motor cortex tDCS, visual cortex tDCS, sham stimulation, and control. Participants in the pre-test performed 3 working memory tests and 10 throwing and catching skills. The intervention phase was performed for 5 consecutive days. Each day, electrical stimulation of the brain on the motor cortex (C3 anode and Fp2 cathode), visual cortex (Oz anode and Cz cathode), and sham stimulation were performed. Participants performed 3 working memory tests and 10 throwing and catching skills. In the last session, the post-test phase was performed. 1 day and 42 days after the post-test phase, short-term and long-term follow-up phases were performed, respectively. Results: Results indicated the persistence of working memory and motor performance in girls with DCD in short-term and long-term follow-up tests. However, no significant difference was found between the effect of tDCS on the motor and vision cortex on working memory and motor performance. Conclusion: tDCS of the motor cortex and visual cortex significantly improved working memory and motor performance in girls with developmental coordination disorders.s","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86698973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. Orexins 2. Epilepsy 3. Neurotransmitter Agents Introduction: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by seizures and affects about 65-70 million people worldwide. Many pathways and molecules are altered in the epilepsy process that can be used as targets in the treatment of epilepsy. Orexin or hypocretin is a type of neurotransmitter that has a role in the epileptogenic process. Conclusion: The orexin system, by acting on the brainstem, modulates the activities of the limbic and neocortical areas, which is involved in epilepsy. In this study, the role of orexin in epilepsy and its potential mechanisms have been reviewed.d ABSTRACT Article Info: Received: 7 June 2021 Revised: 28 June 2022 Accepted: 9 July 2022
{"title":"A Narrative Review of the Role of Orexin in the Epileptogenesis","authors":"T. Ghantabpour, F. Karimzadeh","doi":"10.52547/shefa.10.3.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.10.3.123","url":null,"abstract":"1. Orexins 2. Epilepsy 3. Neurotransmitter Agents Introduction: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by seizures and affects about 65-70 million people worldwide. Many pathways and molecules are altered in the epilepsy process that can be used as targets in the treatment of epilepsy. Orexin or hypocretin is a type of neurotransmitter that has a role in the epileptogenic process. Conclusion: The orexin system, by acting on the brainstem, modulates the activities of the limbic and neocortical areas, which is involved in epilepsy. In this study, the role of orexin in epilepsy and its potential mechanisms have been reviewed.d ABSTRACT Article Info: Received: 7 June 2021 Revised: 28 June 2022 Accepted: 9 July 2022","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82204154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The the transient focal ischemia at the beginning of reperfusion at ischemic areas.s
缺血区域再灌注开始时的短暂局灶性缺血
{"title":"Neuroprotective Effect of Alpha-Pinene on Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats","authors":"Mahdieh khoshnazar, Bahram Farhadi Maghadam","doi":"10.52547/shefa.10.3.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.10.3.37","url":null,"abstract":"The the transient focal ischemia at the beginning of reperfusion at ischemic areas.s","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76388859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Golamhossein Tondro, Ghadir Rajabzade, Ali Mohammadi, H. Moradi, Sajad Sahab Negah
superior of a nano-form of curcumin vs. free-form on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines profile (i.e., IL6 and TNF-α) in the U87 cell line. Materials and Methods: The U87 cell line was purchased from the Iranian Biological Resource Center and expanded in the DMEM/F12 media with 10% FBS and 1% Pen/Strep. To synthesize nanoniosome containing curcumin, the thin-film hybridization method was used. To evaluate the production of IL6 and TNF-α by ELISA method, U87 cells were treated with 84.87 µg/ml of Nano-curcumin and 47 µg/ml of free curcumin. Results: Our results indicated that the production of IL6 and TNF-α was significantly decreased when treated with nano-form and free curcumin. Interestingly, we observed that nano-curcumin could significantly inhibit the secretion of IL6 and TNF-α compared to the curcumin group. Conclusion: The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that nano-curcumin exerts antiimflammatory effects on glioblastoma. a
{"title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Nano- Curcumin on a Glioblastoma Cell Line","authors":"Golamhossein Tondro, Ghadir Rajabzade, Ali Mohammadi, H. Moradi, Sajad Sahab Negah","doi":"10.52547/shefa.10.3.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.10.3.48","url":null,"abstract":"superior of a nano-form of curcumin vs. free-form on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines profile (i.e., IL6 and TNF-α) in the U87 cell line. Materials and Methods: The U87 cell line was purchased from the Iranian Biological Resource Center and expanded in the DMEM/F12 media with 10% FBS and 1% Pen/Strep. To synthesize nanoniosome containing curcumin, the thin-film hybridization method was used. To evaluate the production of IL6 and TNF-α by ELISA method, U87 cells were treated with 84.87 µg/ml of Nano-curcumin and 47 µg/ml of free curcumin. Results: Our results indicated that the production of IL6 and TNF-α was significantly decreased when treated with nano-form and free curcumin. Interestingly, we observed that nano-curcumin could significantly inhibit the secretion of IL6 and TNF-α compared to the curcumin group. Conclusion: The most obvious finding to emerge from this study is that nano-curcumin exerts antiimflammatory effects on glioblastoma. a","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74802377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: considered one of the treatment methods for mental disorders. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on the delta, theta, alpha, beta, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. The present study was a double-blind intervention with a pre-test and post-test design on people with generalized anxiety disorder in Tabriz, Iran. 30 patients with generalized anxiety disorder were selected by purposive sampling method based on the criteria specified in DSM-5 and randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n=15). The experimental group received 10 sessions of 30 minutes of transcranial direct current stimulation with an intensity of 2mA in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the control group also received artificial stimulation. Results: The results showed that transcranial direct current stimulation reduced delta and theta waves and increased beta and brain alpha waves in the experimental group. On the other hand, this method also showed a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in these patients. Conclusion: The results show that transcranial direct current stimulation has a significant effect on brain waves and blood pressure. Furthermore, this non-invasive method can be used as a therapeutic approach in people with generalized anxiety disorder.r
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation on the Pattern of Brain Waves and Blood Pressure in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder","authors":"Mahtab Baghaei, M. Tabatabaei","doi":"10.52547/shefa.10.3.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.10.3.26","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: considered one of the treatment methods for mental disorders. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation on the delta, theta, alpha, beta, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. The present study was a double-blind intervention with a pre-test and post-test design on people with generalized anxiety disorder in Tabriz, Iran. 30 patients with generalized anxiety disorder were selected by purposive sampling method based on the criteria specified in DSM-5 and randomly divided into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n=15). The experimental group received 10 sessions of 30 minutes of transcranial direct current stimulation with an intensity of 2mA in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the control group also received artificial stimulation. Results: The results showed that transcranial direct current stimulation reduced delta and theta waves and increased beta and brain alpha waves in the experimental group. On the other hand, this method also showed a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in these patients. Conclusion: The results show that transcranial direct current stimulation has a significant effect on brain waves and blood pressure. Furthermore, this non-invasive method can be used as a therapeutic approach in people with generalized anxiety disorder.r","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81792750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahan Kajkolah, F. Mousavi, A. Asgari, A. Asadi, A. Abdolmaleki
1Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran, Iran 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran 3Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran 4Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran
{"title":"Evaluation of Neuropharmacological Effects of Ginger: A Narrative Review","authors":"Mahan Kajkolah, F. Mousavi, A. Asgari, A. Asadi, A. Abdolmaleki","doi":"10.52547/shefa.10.3.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.10.3.113","url":null,"abstract":"1Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran, Iran 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran 3Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran 4Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86275462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Marital infidelity is one of the most destructive problems in a relationship and also one of the issues that usually leads to divorce. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on intolerance of uncertainty, tolerance of turmoil, and sexual function in betrayed women. Materials and Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all betrayed women in Gorgan, Iran who were referred to Aramesh and Roshna Counseling Centers from July to August 2021 to receive counseling services. Among them, 30 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups; experimental (15 people) and control (15 people). The research instruments were Fristen et al.’s Uncertainty Intolerance Questionnaire, Simmons and Gahr Confusion Tolerance Questionnaire, and Rosen Sexual Function Questionnaire. Research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of intolerance, confusion tolerance, and sexual function. In other words, treatment based on acceptance and commitment significantly improved intolerance, turbulence tolerance, and sexual function in betrayed women. Conclusion: It is recommended that clinical psychologists and therapists use acceptance and commitment therapy along with other educational methods to improve the mental health of betrayed women.
婚姻不忠是一段关系中最具破坏性的问题之一，也是通常导致离婚的问题之一。本研究旨在评估接受与承诺治疗对被背叛女性不确定耐受性、混乱耐受性及性功能的影响。材料与方法:研究方法为准实验设计，采用前测后测设计。该研究的统计人群包括2021年7月至8月期间被转介到Aramesh和Roshna咨询中心接受咨询服务的伊朗戈尔根所有被背叛的妇女。其中，采用现有抽样方法选取30人，随机分为两组;实验组(15人)和对照组(15人)。研究工具为Fristen et al.的不确定性耐受问卷、Simmons and Gahr困惑耐受问卷和Rosen性功能问卷。对研究资料进行多变量协方差分析。结果:实验组与对照组在不耐受、混淆耐受性、性功能方面存在显著差异。换句话说，基于接受和承诺的治疗显著改善了被背叛女性的不耐受、动荡耐受性和性功能。结论:建议临床心理学家和治疗师采用接纳与承诺疗法结合其他教育方法来改善被背叛妇女的心理健康。
{"title":"The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy on Uncertainty Intolerance, Turmoil Tolerance, and Sexual Function in Betrayed Women","authors":"M. Aghili, sara kashiri","doi":"10.52547/shefa.10.3.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.10.3.57","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Marital infidelity is one of the most destructive problems in a relationship and also one of the issues that usually leads to divorce. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on intolerance of uncertainty, tolerance of turmoil, and sexual function in betrayed women. Materials and Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all betrayed women in Gorgan, Iran who were referred to Aramesh and Roshna Counseling Centers from July to August 2021 to receive counseling services. Among them, 30 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups; experimental (15 people) and control (15 people). The research instruments were Fristen et al.’s Uncertainty Intolerance Questionnaire, Simmons and Gahr Confusion Tolerance Questionnaire, and Rosen Sexual Function Questionnaire. Research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of intolerance, confusion tolerance, and sexual function. In other words, treatment based on acceptance and commitment significantly improved intolerance, turbulence tolerance, and sexual function in betrayed women. Conclusion: It is recommended that clinical psychologists and therapists use acceptance and commitment therapy along with other educational methods to improve the mental health of betrayed women.","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85193685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farzaneh Nazari Serenjeh, Narjes Lotfi-Ghadikolaii, Saeed Mohsenipour, Z. Ghasemzadeh
valid cellular phenotypes for drug testing and development. Conclusion: The iPSCs model is a powerful tool for elucidating the mechanism of Ca2+ homeostasis, understanding SZ pathophysiology, and drug development. t
{"title":"Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells are a Unique Approach for Modeling Schizophrenia: Calcium Homeostasis","authors":"Farzaneh Nazari Serenjeh, Narjes Lotfi-Ghadikolaii, Saeed Mohsenipour, Z. Ghasemzadeh","doi":"10.52547/shefa.10.3.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.10.3.98","url":null,"abstract":"valid cellular phenotypes for drug testing and development. Conclusion: The iPSCs model is a powerful tool for elucidating the mechanism of Ca2+ homeostasis, understanding SZ pathophysiology, and drug development. t","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88030870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. Multiple Sclerosis 2. Reaction Time 3. Patients Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS), is an inflammatory chronic disease of the central nervous system, usually starting in the most productive years of the patient’s life, and its cognitive consequence may affect on patient’s behavior, social functions, daily life, and occupation. One of the most important cognitive variables, which may be affected through MS, is reaction time. The aim of this study was to investigate the reaction time of patients with MS (SPMS and RRMS types) toward visual and auditory stimuli. Materials and Methods: The study design was a retrospective, causal-comparative type, in which the sample was selected through an accessible and purposive sampling method from the patients who were referred to the MS center and MS institute of Isfahan, Iran. The control group was selected from the healthy patient’s family members or their relatives. A total of 159 subjects participated in this study, each group consisted of 53 subjects. The reaction time of the three groups toward the visual and auditory stimuli was measured. The instruments comprised a reaction timer and a multiple sclerosis impact scale. Results: The results showed that the reaction time in the patients was significantly slower than in healthy people. Furthermore, it was revealed that patients with SPMS type were slower in reaction time in comparison to RRMS patients. Conclusion: The speed of information processing in patients with MS, has become slower, due to the slowing of the conduction through nerve pulses, which is due to demyelination in damaged pathways. The decrease in processing speed may lead to an inability of the patients to accomplish mental and cognitive tasks, and this deficit is finally depicted in the inability of MS patients in responding to visual and auditory stimuli.i ABSTRACT Article Info:
{"title":"An Investigation of the Difference in Reaction Time to Visual and Auditory Stimuli in Two Groups of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy People","authors":"nazanin Fateme Rajabi, K. Asgari, M. Etemadifar","doi":"10.52547/shefa.10.3.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.10.3.13","url":null,"abstract":"1. Multiple Sclerosis 2. Reaction Time 3. Patients Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS), is an inflammatory chronic disease of the central nervous system, usually starting in the most productive years of the patient’s life, and its cognitive consequence may affect on patient’s behavior, social functions, daily life, and occupation. One of the most important cognitive variables, which may be affected through MS, is reaction time. The aim of this study was to investigate the reaction time of patients with MS (SPMS and RRMS types) toward visual and auditory stimuli. Materials and Methods: The study design was a retrospective, causal-comparative type, in which the sample was selected through an accessible and purposive sampling method from the patients who were referred to the MS center and MS institute of Isfahan, Iran. The control group was selected from the healthy patient’s family members or their relatives. A total of 159 subjects participated in this study, each group consisted of 53 subjects. The reaction time of the three groups toward the visual and auditory stimuli was measured. The instruments comprised a reaction timer and a multiple sclerosis impact scale. Results: The results showed that the reaction time in the patients was significantly slower than in healthy people. Furthermore, it was revealed that patients with SPMS type were slower in reaction time in comparison to RRMS patients. Conclusion: The speed of information processing in patients with MS, has become slower, due to the slowing of the conduction through nerve pulses, which is due to demyelination in damaged pathways. The decrease in processing speed may lead to an inability of the patients to accomplish mental and cognitive tasks, and this deficit is finally depicted in the inability of MS patients in responding to visual and auditory stimuli.i ABSTRACT Article Info:","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"36 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77684433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
mahbubeh zamani, M. Kheirollahi, mohammad javad asghari ebrahim abad, H. Rezaee, F. Vafaee
attention, and emphasis on visual elements and human experiences. EEG technique, fMRI, and some auxiliary tools, such as eye tracking, have been used to measure the effect of architectural space on the brain. n
{"title":"Investigating the Effects of Architectural Space on Cognition and Brain Activities: A Systematic Review","authors":"mahbubeh zamani, M. Kheirollahi, mohammad javad asghari ebrahim abad, H. Rezaee, F. Vafaee","doi":"10.52547/shefa.10.3.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.10.3.68","url":null,"abstract":"attention, and emphasis on visual elements and human experiences. EEG technique, fMRI, and some auxiliary tools, such as eye tracking, have been used to measure the effect of architectural space on the brain. n","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74219346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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