Shirin Khodadadi arkavini, M. Khodadadi, Hosein Davoodi
1. Cognition 2. Psychology 3. Bias 4. Outpatients Introduction: Cognitive bias modification procedures are considered therapist-independent, computer-based, and relatively new interventions, which are mainly used as outpatient therapies for anxiety, emotional disorders, and different types of addiction. This paper aimed to present the latest findings of the studies on cognitive bias modification to enhance the knowledge of experts and researchers of the effects of such procedures in both practice and theory. At first, cognitive bias modification was briefly defined. Then, its different procedures (attention bias modification, interpretation bias modification, and memory bias modification) and the therapies based on these modification procedures were introduced. Then, the studies conducted on the effectiveness of such therapies were reviewed and their results were discussed. Conclusion: All the studies suggested, in a relatively consistent and significant way, that it is possible to modify cognitive bias processes in various disorders, such as anxiety and emotional disorders, mood disorders, chronic pain, obsessive disorders, addiction, and intellectual rumination. Furthermore, computer programs for cognitive bias modification and dot-probe tasks are suitable alternatives or complementary options for reducing or treating clinical symptoms and cognitive biases. In addition to the need for inventing therapy applications and adapting cultural characteristics of English versions for the Iranian population, new investigations are required to evaluate both the clinical crowd and the effectiveness of these modification procedures for various disorders.s ABSTRACT Article Info:
{"title":"A Review of Cognitive Therapy for Mental Disorders Based on Bias Modification","authors":"Shirin Khodadadi arkavini, M. Khodadadi, Hosein Davoodi","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.3.140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.3.140","url":null,"abstract":"1. Cognition 2. Psychology 3. Bias 4. Outpatients Introduction: Cognitive bias modification procedures are considered therapist-independent, computer-based, and relatively new interventions, which are mainly used as outpatient therapies for anxiety, emotional disorders, and different types of addiction. This paper aimed to present the latest findings of the studies on cognitive bias modification to enhance the knowledge of experts and researchers of the effects of such procedures in both practice and theory. At first, cognitive bias modification was briefly defined. Then, its different procedures (attention bias modification, interpretation bias modification, and memory bias modification) and the therapies based on these modification procedures were introduced. Then, the studies conducted on the effectiveness of such therapies were reviewed and their results were discussed. Conclusion: All the studies suggested, in a relatively consistent and significant way, that it is possible to modify cognitive bias processes in various disorders, such as anxiety and emotional disorders, mood disorders, chronic pain, obsessive disorders, addiction, and intellectual rumination. Furthermore, computer programs for cognitive bias modification and dot-probe tasks are suitable alternatives or complementary options for reducing or treating clinical symptoms and cognitive biases. In addition to the need for inventing therapy applications and adapting cultural characteristics of English versions for the Iranian population, new investigations are required to evaluate both the clinical crowd and the effectiveness of these modification procedures for various disorders.s ABSTRACT Article Info:","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74921632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hadi Khanmoradi, Solmaz Karimi, soghra khanmoradi, ahmadreza barahumi, ali Jahanbazi Jahan Abad
1. Intensive Care Units 2. Awareness 3. Health 4. Neurosurgery 5. Ventilation Introduction: The primary goal of intensive care after neurosurgery is to identify and prevent neurodegeneration by providing supportive activities to keep stable homeostasis. Factors such as surgery, anesthesia, or other illness-related issues influence the postoperative status of patients. In this regard, the nursing and medical staff aware of the neurosurgical procedures should plan special monitoring and follow-up period shortly after the surgery. In many neurosurgical centers, the postoperative care period may be relatively short, like limited craniotomies. However, the occurrence of cerebral edema, intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, or other life-threatening conditions prolongs the postoperative care for several days. Overall, maintaining airway safety, eliminating the need for ventilation, controlling blood circulation and fluid balance, nutrition, sedation control, and analgesics are the mainstays of care. Careful attention to each of these issues is essential to improve neurosurgical outcomes. Conclusion: Robust postoperative care management, particularly in the early stages, is essential to ensure appropriate preoperative conditions. Nurses play a crucial role in monitoring patients following neurosurgical events.s ABSTRACT Article Info:
{"title":"The Importance of Comprehensive Supportive Cares after Neurosurgical Operations","authors":"Hadi Khanmoradi, Solmaz Karimi, soghra khanmoradi, ahmadreza barahumi, ali Jahanbazi Jahan Abad","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.3.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.3.104","url":null,"abstract":"1. Intensive Care Units 2. Awareness 3. Health 4. Neurosurgery 5. Ventilation Introduction: The primary goal of intensive care after neurosurgery is to identify and prevent neurodegeneration by providing supportive activities to keep stable homeostasis. Factors such as surgery, anesthesia, or other illness-related issues influence the postoperative status of patients. In this regard, the nursing and medical staff aware of the neurosurgical procedures should plan special monitoring and follow-up period shortly after the surgery. In many neurosurgical centers, the postoperative care period may be relatively short, like limited craniotomies. However, the occurrence of cerebral edema, intracranial hemorrhage, seizures, or other life-threatening conditions prolongs the postoperative care for several days. Overall, maintaining airway safety, eliminating the need for ventilation, controlling blood circulation and fluid balance, nutrition, sedation control, and analgesics are the mainstays of care. Careful attention to each of these issues is essential to improve neurosurgical outcomes. Conclusion: Robust postoperative care management, particularly in the early stages, is essential to ensure appropriate preoperative conditions. Nurses play a crucial role in monitoring patients following neurosurgical events.s ABSTRACT Article Info:","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73805306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasaman Arzanipur, A. Abdolmaleki, A. Asadi, S. Zahri
were relatively preserved in the extracellular matrix. Cell viability on the scaffold increased in the presence of nanoparticles. Conclusion: Cerium oxide nanoparticles increase cell stability, proliferation, and maintenance of adipose tissue mesenchymal cells and may be beneficial in the treatment of peripheral nerve lesions. s
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization, Evaluation of Supportive Properties, and Neuroprotective Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as a Candidate for Neural Tissue Engineering","authors":"Yasaman Arzanipur, A. Abdolmaleki, A. Asadi, S. Zahri","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.3.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.3.55","url":null,"abstract":"were relatively preserved in the extracellular matrix. Cell viability on the scaffold increased in the presence of nanoparticles. Conclusion: Cerium oxide nanoparticles increase cell stability, proliferation, and maintenance of adipose tissue mesenchymal cells and may be beneficial in the treatment of peripheral nerve lesions. s","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89090265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: This study aimed to examine the effects of six weeks of bilateral motor trainings in the mirror on the power of grip in affected hands in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 16 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy were divided into two groups of bilateral motor exercises with and without mirror. In addition to the usual rehabilitation program, both groups performed motor exercises according to their instructions. The grip strength of the affected hand in both groups was assessed using a digital dynamometer pre and post intervention. Results: The results showed that both groups had a significant improvement in grip strength scores of the affected hand after six weeks of intervention. Also, the between group comparisons showed that the mirror training group was better than other group in the above -mentioned variable. Conclusion: The pattern of these findings suggests that despite the effect of bilateral motor exercises on the grip strength of children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy, bilateral motor exercises with a mirror had a greater effect, which can be explained by the mechanism of mirror neurons.s
{"title":"The Effects of Bilateral Motor Training on the Power of Grip in Affected Hand of Children with Spastic Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy","authors":"Ali Heyrani, nashmin azizidarabkhani","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.3.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.3.27","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study aimed to examine the effects of six weeks of bilateral motor trainings in the mirror on the power of grip in affected hands in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 16 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy were divided into two groups of bilateral motor exercises with and without mirror. In addition to the usual rehabilitation program, both groups performed motor exercises according to their instructions. The grip strength of the affected hand in both groups was assessed using a digital dynamometer pre and post intervention. Results: The results showed that both groups had a significant improvement in grip strength scores of the affected hand after six weeks of intervention. Also, the between group comparisons showed that the mirror training group was better than other group in the above -mentioned variable. Conclusion: The pattern of these findings suggests that despite the effect of bilateral motor exercises on the grip strength of children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy, bilateral motor exercises with a mirror had a greater effect, which can be explained by the mechanism of mirror neurons.s","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81951098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hamzeh Mirshekari Jahangiri, Gh Rahmani, F. Karimzadeh
1. Ischemic Stroke 2. Brain Ischemia 3. Models, Animal Introduction: Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the major cause of adult physical disability in the world. Despite advances in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral ischemia over the past few decades, the available therapies have not been effective for these patients. Nowadays, various animal models are used to study pathophysiology as well as risk factors, and to find therapeutic strategies for cerebral ischemia. These models divide into two forms: global cerebral ischemia and focal cerebral ischemia. Global ischemia models are divided into complete and incomplete models of ischemia, which are produced by occluding the cerebral blood flow completely or incompletely. Several focal cerebral ischemic stroke models have been developed in a variety of species that interrupt the blood flow to the brain in one or more areas of the brain. The vast majority of cerebral stroke cases are caused by transient or permanent occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel (ischemic stroke) eventually leading to brain infarction. The infarct size and the neurological outcome depend on a multitude of factors such as the duration and severity of ischemia, the existence of collateral systems, age, sex, and genetic background. Conclusion: Thus, ischemic stroke is a highly complex and heterogeneous disorder. It is obvious that experimental models of stroke cannot cover all the specific aspects of this disease. Therefore, the success of preclinical stroke research in developing new therapeutics for these patients might rely on the selection of the appropriate animal stroke model. This review deals with the most common stroke models and also discusses the advantages and limitations of each model.l ABSTRACT Article Info:
{"title":"A Review on the Experimental Animal Models of Cerebral Ischemia","authors":"Hamzeh Mirshekari Jahangiri, Gh Rahmani, F. Karimzadeh","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.3.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.3.130","url":null,"abstract":"1. Ischemic Stroke 2. Brain Ischemia 3. Models, Animal Introduction: Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the major cause of adult physical disability in the world. Despite advances in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral ischemia over the past few decades, the available therapies have not been effective for these patients. Nowadays, various animal models are used to study pathophysiology as well as risk factors, and to find therapeutic strategies for cerebral ischemia. These models divide into two forms: global cerebral ischemia and focal cerebral ischemia. Global ischemia models are divided into complete and incomplete models of ischemia, which are produced by occluding the cerebral blood flow completely or incompletely. Several focal cerebral ischemic stroke models have been developed in a variety of species that interrupt the blood flow to the brain in one or more areas of the brain. The vast majority of cerebral stroke cases are caused by transient or permanent occlusion of a cerebral blood vessel (ischemic stroke) eventually leading to brain infarction. The infarct size and the neurological outcome depend on a multitude of factors such as the duration and severity of ischemia, the existence of collateral systems, age, sex, and genetic background. Conclusion: Thus, ischemic stroke is a highly complex and heterogeneous disorder. It is obvious that experimental models of stroke cannot cover all the specific aspects of this disease. Therefore, the success of preclinical stroke research in developing new therapeutics for these patients might rely on the selection of the appropriate animal stroke model. This review deals with the most common stroke models and also discusses the advantages and limitations of each model.l ABSTRACT Article Info:","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83277508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2. Support Vector Machine 3. Autis tic Disorder Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a mental disorder and affects a person’s linguis tic skills and social interactions. With the production of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and the development of their processing tools, the use of these images in identifying and evaluating the brain function of autis tic people received a lot of attention. However, in this approach using the functional connectivity matrices leads to the creation of feature space with very high dimensions. Some of these features are dependent, unnecessary and additional, which reduces the quality of detection and increases the number of calculations. Therefore, regarding the large dimensions of the search space, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used as one of the powerful meta-heuris tic search tools in selecting the optimal features. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the capability of the proposed method, the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is used as a s tandard dimension reduction method. In this s tudy, the Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier was used to detect autis tic and healthy persons on the ABIDE database data. Feature space has been generated based on a functional connectivity matrix which has 6670 dimensions. Results: SVM accuracy in high-dimensional specialty space is 56%. The proposed method based on PSO eliminates 3442 redundant features and increases classification accuracy up to 62.19 % that performs better than PCA. The findings show that this meta-heuris tic algorithm by removing almos t half of the features results in a 6% increase in classification precision. Conclusion: The results indicate the ability of SVM in comparison with the Random Forest and K-Neares t Neighbor (KNN). PSO algorithm was used for dimension reduction of the input data space.e ABSTRACT Article Info:
1. 磁共振成像支持向量机;简介:自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种精神障碍，影响一个人的语言技能和社会交往。随着功能磁共振成像技术(fMRI)的产生及其处理工具的发展，利用这些图像来识别和评估自闭症患者的大脑功能受到了广泛的关注。然而，在这种方法中，使用功能连接矩阵会导致创建具有非常高维的特征空间。其中一些特征是依赖的、不必要的和额外的，这降低了检测的质量，增加了计算的数量。因此，针对搜索空间的大维度，粒子群优化算法(PSO)被作为一种强大的元启发式搜索工具来选择最优特征。材料和方法:为了评估所提出方法的能力，采用主成分分析(PCA)算法作为标准降维方法。在本研究中，使用支持向量机(SVM)分类器对ABIDE数据库数据进行自闭症和健康人的检测。基于6670维的功能连接矩阵生成特征空间。结果:SVM在高维专业空间中的准确率为56%。该方法消除了3442个冗余特征，分类准确率达到62.19%，优于PCA。研究结果表明，通过去除近一半的特征，这种元启发式算法的分类精度提高了6%。结论:与随机森林和K-Neares t Neighbor (KNN)方法相比，支持向量机具有较强的识别能力。采用粒子群算法对输入数据空间进行降维。e摘要文章简介:
{"title":"Dimension Reduction in fMRI Images based on Metaheuristic Algorithm to Diagnose Autism","authors":"farzaneh sadeghiyan, H. Hasani, M. Jafari","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"1. Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2. Support Vector Machine 3. Autis tic Disorder Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a mental disorder and affects a person’s linguis tic skills and social interactions. With the production of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and the development of their processing tools, the use of these images in identifying and evaluating the brain function of autis tic people received a lot of attention. However, in this approach using the functional connectivity matrices leads to the creation of feature space with very high dimensions. Some of these features are dependent, unnecessary and additional, which reduces the quality of detection and increases the number of calculations. Therefore, regarding the large dimensions of the search space, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used as one of the powerful meta-heuris tic search tools in selecting the optimal features. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the capability of the proposed method, the principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is used as a s tandard dimension reduction method. In this s tudy, the Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier was used to detect autis tic and healthy persons on the ABIDE database data. Feature space has been generated based on a functional connectivity matrix which has 6670 dimensions. Results: SVM accuracy in high-dimensional specialty space is 56%. The proposed method based on PSO eliminates 3442 redundant features and increases classification accuracy up to 62.19 % that performs better than PCA. The findings show that this meta-heuris tic algorithm by removing almos t half of the features results in a 6% increase in classification precision. Conclusion: The results indicate the ability of SVM in comparison with the Random Forest and K-Neares t Neighbor (KNN). PSO algorithm was used for dimension reduction of the input data space.e ABSTRACT Article Info:","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90762405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Hosseini Houripasand, M. Nazari, Hasan Sabouri Moghadam, J. Babapour
1. Facial Expression 2. Time Perception 3. Arousal Introduction: Emotional effects on human time perception are generally attributed to the arousal factor, which is hypothesized to be responsible for speeding up or slowing down the internal clock. The aim of the present study was to investigate the arousal effect on time distortion with the help of event-related potentials (ERPs) that can provide direct electrophysiological measures of arousal rather than self-report indices which have been the common approach in the previous studies. In this study, a temporal bisection task was employed to assess the temporal responses of participants to emotional faces that varied in arousal dimension. The N170 component was used as an objective measure of induced arousal by different emotional faces. Materials and Methods: Electroencephalography was recorded in 20 participants who performed a temporal bisection task using high arousal pleasant stimuli (happy faces) and neutral ones as stimuli. Results: Behavioral data revealed that temporal bisection points were significantly smaller for high arousal pleasant stimuli (happy faces) compared to neutral ones, while changes in N170 amplitude were independent of the emotional modulation of facial stimuli. Conclusion: In the light of the dual-stage theory of emotional processing, it seems that the N170 component is not appropriate to measure the arousal index of emotional faces .in implicit tasks, and probably later components may be a better indicator for this index.x ABSTRACT Article Info:
{"title":"Contribution of N170 Component in Subjective Time Distortions of Facial Emotions","authors":"Maryam Hosseini Houripasand, M. Nazari, Hasan Sabouri Moghadam, J. Babapour","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"1. Facial Expression 2. Time Perception 3. Arousal Introduction: Emotional effects on human time perception are generally attributed to the arousal factor, which is hypothesized to be responsible for speeding up or slowing down the internal clock. The aim of the present study was to investigate the arousal effect on time distortion with the help of event-related potentials (ERPs) that can provide direct electrophysiological measures of arousal rather than self-report indices which have been the common approach in the previous studies. In this study, a temporal bisection task was employed to assess the temporal responses of participants to emotional faces that varied in arousal dimension. The N170 component was used as an objective measure of induced arousal by different emotional faces. Materials and Methods: Electroencephalography was recorded in 20 participants who performed a temporal bisection task using high arousal pleasant stimuli (happy faces) and neutral ones as stimuli. Results: Behavioral data revealed that temporal bisection points were significantly smaller for high arousal pleasant stimuli (happy faces) compared to neutral ones, while changes in N170 amplitude were independent of the emotional modulation of facial stimuli. Conclusion: In the light of the dual-stage theory of emotional processing, it seems that the N170 component is not appropriate to measure the arousal index of emotional faces .in implicit tasks, and probably later components may be a better indicator for this index.x ABSTRACT Article Info:","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86026795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Kolivand, Z. Kolivand, H. Kazemi, Maryam Kolivand
various clinical features of patients with COVID-19 disease, particularly psychosomatic symptoms, investigated. Materials and Methods: Clinical characteristics of 2928 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease as well as anxiety were collected in different in (Tehran, Karaj, Hamedan, and Kermanshah) and analyzed. Results: Our data have shown different patterns of clinical features and anxiety rates in patients with COVID-19 in various regions of Iran. However, the characteristics of chronic inflammatory lung disease were similar in these patients in various areas. Conclusion: Geographical factors, as well as the medical facilities of the participants, may affect the clinical features of patients with COVID-19 disease. e
{"title":"Frequency of Psychosomatic Symptoms in Patients with Covid-19","authors":"P. Kolivand, Z. Kolivand, H. Kazemi, Maryam Kolivand","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.3.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.3.83","url":null,"abstract":"various clinical features of patients with COVID-19 disease, particularly psychosomatic symptoms, investigated. Materials and Methods: Clinical characteristics of 2928 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease as well as anxiety were collected in different in (Tehran, Karaj, Hamedan, and Kermanshah) and analyzed. Results: Our data have shown different patterns of clinical features and anxiety rates in patients with COVID-19 in various regions of Iran. However, the characteristics of chronic inflammatory lung disease were similar in these patients in various areas. Conclusion: Geographical factors, as well as the medical facilities of the participants, may affect the clinical features of patients with COVID-19 disease. e","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"1068 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77275898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fereidoni, Bahram Farhadi Moghadam, A. Abdolmaleki
1. Neuropathology 2. Stroke 3. Brain Ischemia 4. Nervous System Diseases Introduction: Cerebral ischemia results from glucose and oxygen reduction following insufficiency of brain blood supply. Ischemia could be induced in focal and diffuse models. A type of animal model of transient brain global ischemia is induced via common carotid arteries ligation and focal ischemia is induced by middle cerebral artery obstructions, which are the most common approach for investigation of the pathophysiology of brain ischemia and its mechanisms. Understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral ischemia is important for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches for brain ischemia. Conclusion: In the present study, we have described the pathophysiological mechanisms of brain ischemic events, such as decreases in cerebral blood flow, glutamate neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, brain edema, cholinergic system dysfunction, neural cell death, and hippocampal damage. Extensive efforts are being performed to find effective drugs with the least side effects for the modulation of pathways involved in brain ischemia. In summation, represented information may be an appropriate guide to design novel therapeutic strategies for brain ischemia.a ABSTRACT Article Info:
{"title":"Neuropathology of Cerebral Ischemia","authors":"M. Fereidoni, Bahram Farhadi Moghadam, A. Abdolmaleki","doi":"10.52547/shefa.9.3.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/shefa.9.3.90","url":null,"abstract":"1. Neuropathology 2. Stroke 3. Brain Ischemia 4. Nervous System Diseases Introduction: Cerebral ischemia results from glucose and oxygen reduction following insufficiency of brain blood supply. Ischemia could be induced in focal and diffuse models. A type of animal model of transient brain global ischemia is induced via common carotid arteries ligation and focal ischemia is induced by middle cerebral artery obstructions, which are the most common approach for investigation of the pathophysiology of brain ischemia and its mechanisms. Understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral ischemia is important for the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches for brain ischemia. Conclusion: In the present study, we have described the pathophysiological mechanisms of brain ischemic events, such as decreases in cerebral blood flow, glutamate neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, brain edema, cholinergic system dysfunction, neural cell death, and hippocampal damage. Extensive efforts are being performed to find effective drugs with the least side effects for the modulation of pathways involved in brain ischemia. In summation, represented information may be an appropriate guide to design novel therapeutic strategies for brain ischemia.a ABSTRACT Article Info:","PeriodicalId":22899,"journal":{"name":"The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87152902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Rahbar Karbasdehi, A. Hosseinkhanzadeh, I. Shakerinia
Introduction : Patients with epilepsy face a variety of physical and psychological tensions that reduce their quality of life. Considering the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation and social self-efficacy with diseases of the central nervous system, one of the methods that can help rehabilitate patients with epilepsy is schema therapy. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of schema therapy on cognitive emotion regulation and social self-efficacy in adolescents with epilepsy. Materials and Methods: This investigation was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test and a control group. The sample consisted of 30 adolescents with epilepsy in Rasht, Iran in the year 2021 selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups (each group 15 individuals). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and Social Self-Efficacy Scale were used to collect data before and after the treatment. The 10-session schema therapy was performed for the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any treatment. Results: The analysis of covariance results showed that schema therapy improved cognitive emotion regulation and social self-efficacy in adolescents with epilepsy. Conclusion: Schema therapy can be a suitable treatment method to improve emotion regulation and social skills in adolescents with epilepsy and can be beneficial in increasing the life satisfaction of these patients. s
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