Proteins that operate in challenging environments must be stable to both harsh conditions and vigorous proteolysis. Cystine knot miniproteins are found in diverse phyla and are characterized by three conserved disulfide bonds that stabilize their structure. Some of these miniproteins have further
{"title":"Cyclotides: Cyclical Miniproteins with a Cystine Knot Configuration","authors":"J. Mach","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200915","url":null,"abstract":"Proteins that operate in challenging environments must be stable to both harsh conditions and vigorous proteolysis. Cystine knot miniproteins are found in diverse phyla and are characterized by three conserved disulfide bonds that stabilize their structure. Some of these miniproteins have further","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"54 6 1","pages":"2285 - 2285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80572315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chloroplasts arose from cyanobacteria and, like cyanobacteria, divide by binary fission. These organelles are surrounded by a double membrane, and their division requires the coordinated action of the inner and outer chloroplast membrane constriction machineries (Miyagishima, 2005; Maple and Moller, 2007; Glynn et al., 2007). Division of the inner membrane is mediated by an internal constricting ring at the stromal surface composed of the tubulin-like FtsZ protein, which arose from the prokaryotic endosymbiont. Similarly, division of the outer membrane involves an external constricting ring on the cytoplasmic surface composed of the dynamin-like ARC5 protein, which was contributed by the eukaryotic host. How constriction of the FtsZ and ARC5 rings is coordinated to achieve the concerted division of the two membranes has been unclear until recently.
叶绿体由蓝藻产生，像蓝藻一样，通过二元裂变分裂。这些细胞器被双层膜包围，它们的分裂需要内外叶绿体膜收缩机制的协调作用(Miyagishima, 2005;Maple and Moller, 2007;Glynn et al.， 2007)。内膜的分裂是由间质表面的内收缩环介导的，该环由原核内共生体产生的微管蛋白样FtsZ蛋白组成。同样，外膜的分裂涉及细胞质表面的一个由动力蛋白样ARC5蛋白组成的外收缩环，这是由真核宿主贡献的。直到最近，人们还不清楚FtsZ和ARC5环是如何协调收缩以实现两种膜的协调分裂的。
{"title":"Coordination of Chloroplast Envelope Division","authors":"G. Bertoni","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200913","url":null,"abstract":"Chloroplasts arose from cyanobacteria and, like cyanobacteria, divide by binary fission. These organelles are surrounded by a double membrane, and their division requires the coordinated action of the inner and outer chloroplast membrane constriction machineries (Miyagishima, 2005; Maple and Moller, 2007; Glynn et al., 2007). Division of the inner membrane is mediated by an internal constricting ring at the stromal surface composed of the tubulin-like FtsZ protein, which arose from the prokaryotic endosymbiont. Similarly, division of the outer membrane involves an external constricting ring on the cytoplasmic surface composed of the dynamin-like ARC5 protein, which was contributed by the eukaryotic host. How constriction of the FtsZ and ARC5 rings is coordinated to achieve the concerted division of the two membranes has been unclear until recently.","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"9 1","pages":"2284 - 2284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85431890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Programmed cell death (PCD), the tightly regulated self-destruction of specific cells, is crucial for the development and survival of plants ([Greenberg, 1996][1]). A striking illustration of this is seen in tracheary xylem elements, which are dead at maturity and function both to transport water
{"title":"A Protein Disulfide Isomerase Plays a Role in Programmed Cell Death","authors":"Kathleen L. Farquharson","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200810","url":null,"abstract":"Programmed cell death (PCD), the tightly regulated self-destruction of specific cells, is crucial for the development and survival of plants ([Greenberg, 1996][1]). A striking illustration of this is seen in tracheary xylem elements, which are dead at maturity and function both to transport water","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"97 1","pages":"2006 - 2006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79216100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chloroplast thylakoid membranes are predominantly made up of two galactoglycerolipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG). It has been hypothesized that many plants can synthesize these polar lipids via both a plastid pathway and an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
{"title":"An Endoplasmic Reticulum Protein Involved in Lipid Transfer to Chloroplasts","authors":"Nancy R. Hofmann","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200811","url":null,"abstract":"Chloroplast thylakoid membranes are predominantly made up of two galactoglycerolipids, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG). It has been hypothesized that many plants can synthesize these polar lipids via both a plastid pathway and an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"47 1","pages":"2007 - 2007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76391048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transposons were first recognized by their ability to generate chromosome breaks and now are implicated in many genome changes, including fluctuations in genome size, inversions, translocations, deletions, and duplications (reviewed in [Feschotte and Pritham, 2007][1]). At the single-gene level,
{"title":"Transposon Trouble: Macrotransposition and Chromosome Remodeling in Maize","authors":"J. Mach","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200812","url":null,"abstract":"Transposons were first recognized by their ability to generate chromosome breaks and now are implicated in many genome changes, including fluctuations in genome size, inversions, translocations, deletions, and duplications (reviewed in [Feschotte and Pritham, 2007][1]). At the single-gene level,","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"3 1","pages":"2008 - 2008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84991666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many factors contribute to genetic and phenotypic variation within an interbreeding population. Phenotypic variation within a species or population is highly complex; it is often polygenic and quantitative and influenced by environmental and genetic factors. In addition to considerations of allelic
{"title":"Epistasis and Genetic Regulation of Variation in the Arabidopsis Metabolome","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.061051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.061051","url":null,"abstract":"Many factors contribute to genetic and phenotypic variation within an interbreeding population. Phenotypic variation within a species or population is highly complex; it is often polygenic and quantitative and influenced by environmental and genetic factors. In addition to considerations of allelic","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"280 1","pages":"1185 - 1186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89066235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phosphoducin-like protein1 (PLP1) in yeast has been shown to modulate the efficiency of β-tubulin and actin folding during mitosis. Homologs of PLP1, called PLP3, are highly conserved in other eukaryotes, including plants and animals, suggesting that they play an important role in development. In
{"title":"PLP3 Proteins Function in Microtubule Assembly in Arabidopsis","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200411","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphoducin-like protein1 (PLP1) in yeast has been shown to modulate the efficiency of β-tubulin and actin folding during mitosis. Homologs of PLP1, called PLP3, are highly conserved in other eukaryotes, including plants and animals, suggesting that they play an important role in development. In","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"26 1","pages":"821 - 821"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78248062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transcriptional regulation by DNA binding homeodomain proteins is key to development in plants, animals, and fungi. The three amino acid loop extension (TALE) family is a subgroup of homeodomain proteins that contain three extra amino acids between helix-1 and helix-2; these are represented in
{"title":"Surprising New Member of the KNOTTED1-Like Family of Transcriptional Regulators Lacks a Homeodomain","authors":"J. Mach","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200410","url":null,"abstract":"Transcriptional regulation by DNA binding homeodomain proteins is key to development in plants, animals, and fungi. The three amino acid loop extension (TALE) family is a subgroup of homeodomain proteins that contain three extra amino acids between helix-1 and helix-2; these are represented in","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"71 1","pages":"820 - 820"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82875483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Auxins constitute an important class of phytohormone involved in many aspects of plant growth and development (reviewed in [Teale et al., 2006][1]). Although auxin is believed to play a pivotal role in wood formation, the cellular and molecular events that drive this process are poorly understood.
生长素是一类重要的植物激素，参与植物生长发育的许多方面(参见[Teale et al.， 2006][1])。尽管生长素被认为在木材形成中起着关键作用，但驱动这一过程的细胞和分子事件却知之甚少。
{"title":"Probing the Role of Auxin in Wood Formation","authors":"Kathleen L. Farquharson","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200412","url":null,"abstract":"Auxins constitute an important class of phytohormone involved in many aspects of plant growth and development (reviewed in [Teale et al., 2006][1]). Although auxin is believed to play a pivotal role in wood formation, the cellular and molecular events that drive this process are poorly understood.","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"30 1","pages":"822 - 822"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87957526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plastid biogenesis and differentiation requires coordinated expression of genes encoded in the nuclear and plastid genomes. Knowledge about the regulation of expression in the plastid genome (or plastome) is central to improving our understanding of these processes (reviewed in [Lopez-Juez, 2007][1
{"title":"Regulation of Plastid Gene Expression in the Chloroplast-to-Chromoplast Transition","authors":"Nancy R. Hofmann","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200413","url":null,"abstract":"Plastid biogenesis and differentiation requires coordinated expression of genes encoded in the nuclear and plastid genomes. Knowledge about the regulation of expression in the plastid genome (or plastome) is central to improving our understanding of these processes (reviewed in [Lopez-Juez, 2007][1","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"68 1","pages":"823 - 823"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88967834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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