Eukaryotes contain multiple DNA polymerases which ensure the accurate and efficient replication of the genome as well as protection and repair from endogenous and environmental DNA damaging agents. In most eukaryotes, the main replicative enzymes are DNA polymerases α, δ, and e (reviewed in [
{"title":"Functions of DNA Polymerase ε","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.109.210212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.109.210212","url":null,"abstract":"Eukaryotes contain multiple DNA polymerases which ensure the accurate and efficient replication of the genome as well as protection and repair from endogenous and environmental DNA damaging agents. In most eukaryotes, the main replicative enzymes are DNA polymerases α, δ, and e (reviewed in [","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"23 1","pages":"365 - 365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72740008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are glutathione-dependent disulfide oxidoreductases that are well documented to be involved in oxidative stress responses in plants (reviewed in [Rouhier et al., 2008][1]). GRXs allow for redox regulation of protein activity by reversibly glutathionylating or reducing disulfide
谷胱甘肽(Glutaredoxins, GRXs)是谷胱甘肽依赖的二硫氧化还原酶，已被充分证实参与植物的氧化应激反应(参见[Rouhier et al.， 2008][1])。grx允许通过可逆谷胱甘肽化或还原二硫化物对蛋白质活性进行氧化还原调节
{"title":"Glutaredoxin Functions in Floral Development","authors":"Nancy R. Hofmann","doi":"10.1105/tpc.109.210210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.109.210210","url":null,"abstract":"Glutaredoxins (GRXs) are glutathione-dependent disulfide oxidoreductases that are well documented to be involved in oxidative stress responses in plants (reviewed in [Rouhier et al., 2008][1]). GRXs allow for redox regulation of protein activity by reversibly glutathionylating or reducing disulfide","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"37 1","pages":"363 - 363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76657986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Li, Olga Nicolaou Milliken, Hanh M. Pham, Reg Seyit, Ross S Napoli, J. Preston, A. Koltunow, R. Parish
The Arabidopsis thaliana MYB5 gene is expressed in trichomes and seeds, including the seed coat. Constitutive expression of MYB5 resulted in the formation of more small trichomes and ectopic trichomes and a reduction in total leaf trichome numbers and branching. A myb5 mutant displayed minimal changes in trichome morphology, while a myb23 mutant produced increased numbers of small trichomes and two-branched trichomes. A myb5 myb23 double mutant developed more small rosette trichomes and two-branched trichomes than the single mutants. These results indicate that MYB5 and MYB23 regulate trichome extension and branching. The seed coat epidermal cells of myb5 and myb5 myb23 were irregular in shape, developed flattened columellae, and produced less mucilage than those of the wild type. Among the downregulated genes identified in the myb5 seeds using microarray analysis were ABE1 and ABE4 (α/β fold hydrolase/esterase genes), MYBL2, and GLABRA2. The same genes were also downregulated in transparent testa glabra1 (ttg1) seeds, suggesting that MYB5 collaborates with TTG1 in seed coat development. These genes were upregulated in leaves and roots by ectopically expressed MYB5. The MYBL2, ABE1, and ABE4 promoters were active in seeds, including seed coats, and the latter two also in trichomes. Models of the MYB5 regulatory networks involved in seed coat and trichome development are presented.
{"title":"The Arabidopsis MYB5 Transcription Factor Regulates Mucilage Synthesis, Seed Coat Development, and Trichome Morphogenesis[W][OA]","authors":"S. Li, Olga Nicolaou Milliken, Hanh M. Pham, Reg Seyit, Ross S Napoli, J. Preston, A. Koltunow, R. Parish","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.063503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.063503","url":null,"abstract":"The Arabidopsis thaliana MYB5 gene is expressed in trichomes and seeds, including the seed coat. Constitutive expression of MYB5 resulted in the formation of more small trichomes and ectopic trichomes and a reduction in total leaf trichome numbers and branching. A myb5 mutant displayed minimal changes in trichome morphology, while a myb23 mutant produced increased numbers of small trichomes and two-branched trichomes. A myb5 myb23 double mutant developed more small rosette trichomes and two-branched trichomes than the single mutants. These results indicate that MYB5 and MYB23 regulate trichome extension and branching. The seed coat epidermal cells of myb5 and myb5 myb23 were irregular in shape, developed flattened columellae, and produced less mucilage than those of the wild type. Among the downregulated genes identified in the myb5 seeds using microarray analysis were ABE1 and ABE4 (α/β fold hydrolase/esterase genes), MYBL2, and GLABRA2. The same genes were also downregulated in transparent testa glabra1 (ttg1) seeds, suggesting that MYB5 collaborates with TTG1 in seed coat development. These genes were upregulated in leaves and roots by ectopically expressed MYB5. The MYBL2, ABE1, and ABE4 promoters were active in seeds, including seed coats, and the latter two also in trichomes. Models of the MYB5 regulatory networks involved in seed coat and trichome development are presented.","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"15 1","pages":"72 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78738066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hiroaki Yamasaki, M. Hayashi, Mitsue Fukazawa, Y. Kobayashi, T. Shikanai
Expression of miR398 is induced in response to copper deficiency and is involved in the degradation of mRNAs encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that SPL7 (for SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein–like7) is essential for this response of miR398. SPL7 is homologous to Copper response regulator1, the transcription factor that is required for switching between plastocyanin and cytochrome c6 in response to copper deficiency in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. SPL7 bound directly to GTAC motifs in the miR398 promoter in vitro, and these motifs were essential and sufficient for the response to copper deficiency in vivo. SPL7 is also required for the expression of multiple microRNAs, miR397, miR408, and miR857, involved in copper homeostasis and of genes encoding several copper transporters and a copper chaperone, indicating its central role in response to copper deficiency. Consistent with this idea, the growth of spl7 plants was severely impaired under low-copper conditions.
{"title":"SQUAMOSA Promoter Binding Protein–Like7 Is a Central Regulator for Copper Homeostasis in Arabidopsis[W]","authors":"Hiroaki Yamasaki, M. Hayashi, Mitsue Fukazawa, Y. Kobayashi, T. Shikanai","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.060137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.060137","url":null,"abstract":"Expression of miR398 is induced in response to copper deficiency and is involved in the degradation of mRNAs encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that SPL7 (for SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein–like7) is essential for this response of miR398. SPL7 is homologous to Copper response regulator1, the transcription factor that is required for switching between plastocyanin and cytochrome c6 in response to copper deficiency in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. SPL7 bound directly to GTAC motifs in the miR398 promoter in vitro, and these motifs were essential and sufficient for the response to copper deficiency in vivo. SPL7 is also required for the expression of multiple microRNAs, miR397, miR408, and miR857, involved in copper homeostasis and of genes encoding several copper transporters and a copper chaperone, indicating its central role in response to copper deficiency. Consistent with this idea, the growth of spl7 plants was severely impaired under low-copper conditions.","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"37 1","pages":"347 - 361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82694634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keisuke Yokota, E. Fukai, L. Madsen, A. Jurkiewicz, P. Rueda, S. Radutoiu, M. Held, M. Hossain, K. Szczyglowski, Giulia Morieri, G. Oldroyd, J. Downie, M. W. Nielsen, A. Rusek, Shusei Sato, S. Tabata, E. James, H. Oyaizu, N. Sandal, J. Stougaard
Infection thread–dependent invasion of legume roots by rhizobia leads to internalization of bacteria into the plant cells, which is one of the salient features of root nodule symbiosis. We found that two genes, Nap1 (for Nck-associated protein 1) and Pir1 (for 121F-specific p53 inducible RNA), involved in actin rearrangements were essential for infection thread formation and colonization of Lotus japonicus roots by its natural microsymbiont, Mesorhizobium loti. nap1 and pir1 mutants developed an excess of uncolonized nodule primordia, indicating that these two genes were not essential for the initiation of nodule organogenesis per se. However, both the formation and subsequent progression of infection threads into the root cortex were significantly impaired in these mutants. We demonstrate that these infection defects were due to disturbed actin cytoskeleton organization. Short root hairs of the mutants had mostly transverse or web-like actin filaments, while bundles of actin filaments in wild-type root hairs were predominantly longitudinal. Corroborating these observations, temporal and spatial differences in actin filament organization between wild-type and mutant root hairs were also observed after Nod factor treatment, while calcium influx and spiking appeared unperturbed. Together with various effects on plant growth and seed formation, the nap1 and pir1 alleles also conferred a characteristic distorted trichome phenotype, suggesting a more general role for Nap1 and Pir1 in processes establishing cell polarity or polar growth in L. japonicus.
{"title":"Rearrangement of Actin Cytoskeleton Mediates Invasion of Lotus japonicus Roots by Mesorhizobium loti[C][W]","authors":"Keisuke Yokota, E. Fukai, L. Madsen, A. Jurkiewicz, P. Rueda, S. Radutoiu, M. Held, M. Hossain, K. Szczyglowski, Giulia Morieri, G. Oldroyd, J. Downie, M. W. Nielsen, A. Rusek, Shusei Sato, S. Tabata, E. James, H. Oyaizu, N. Sandal, J. Stougaard","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.063693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.063693","url":null,"abstract":"Infection thread–dependent invasion of legume roots by rhizobia leads to internalization of bacteria into the plant cells, which is one of the salient features of root nodule symbiosis. We found that two genes, Nap1 (for Nck-associated protein 1) and Pir1 (for 121F-specific p53 inducible RNA), involved in actin rearrangements were essential for infection thread formation and colonization of Lotus japonicus roots by its natural microsymbiont, Mesorhizobium loti. nap1 and pir1 mutants developed an excess of uncolonized nodule primordia, indicating that these two genes were not essential for the initiation of nodule organogenesis per se. However, both the formation and subsequent progression of infection threads into the root cortex were significantly impaired in these mutants. We demonstrate that these infection defects were due to disturbed actin cytoskeleton organization. Short root hairs of the mutants had mostly transverse or web-like actin filaments, while bundles of actin filaments in wild-type root hairs were predominantly longitudinal. Corroborating these observations, temporal and spatial differences in actin filament organization between wild-type and mutant root hairs were also observed after Nod factor treatment, while calcium influx and spiking appeared unperturbed. Together with various effects on plant growth and seed formation, the nap1 and pir1 alleles also conferred a characteristic distorted trichome phenotype, suggesting a more general role for Nap1 and Pir1 in processes establishing cell polarity or polar growth in L. japonicus.","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"18 1","pages":"267 - 284"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78704352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kousuke Hanada, Veronica A. Vallejo, K. Nobuta, R. Slotkin, D. Lisch, B. Meyers, Shin-Han Shiu, Ning Jiang
Gene duplication is an important mechanism for evolution of new genes. In plants, a special group of transposable elements, called Pack-MULEs or transduplicates, is able to duplicate and amplify genes or gene fragments on a large scale. Despite the abundance of Pack-MULEs, the functionality of these duplicates is not clear. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of expression and purifying selection on 2809 Pack-MULEs in rice (Oryza sativa), which are derived from 1501 parental genes. At least 22% of the Pack-MULEs are transcribed, and 28 Pack-MULEs have direct evidence of translation. Chimeric Pack-MULEs, which contain gene fragments from multiple genes, are much more frequently expressed than those derived only from a single gene. In addition, Pack-MULEs are frequently associated with small RNAs. The presence of these small RNAs is associated with a reduction in expression of both the Pack-MULEs and their parental genes. Furthermore, an assessment of the selection pressure on the Pack-MULEs using the ratio of nonsynonymous (Ka) and synonymous (Ks) substitution rates indicates that a considerable number of Pack-MULEs likely have been under selective constraint. The Ka/Ks values of Pack-MULE and parental gene pairs are lower among Pack-MULEs that are expressed in sense orientations. Taken together, our analysis suggests that a significant number of Pack-MULEs are expressed and subjected to purifying selection, and some are associated with small RNAs. Therefore, at least a subset of Pack-MULEs are likely functional and have great potential in regulating gene expression as well as providing novel coding capacities.
{"title":"The Functional Role of Pack-MULEs in Rice Inferred from Purifying Selection and Expression Profile[W]","authors":"Kousuke Hanada, Veronica A. Vallejo, K. Nobuta, R. Slotkin, D. Lisch, B. Meyers, Shin-Han Shiu, Ning Jiang","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.063206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.063206","url":null,"abstract":"Gene duplication is an important mechanism for evolution of new genes. In plants, a special group of transposable elements, called Pack-MULEs or transduplicates, is able to duplicate and amplify genes or gene fragments on a large scale. Despite the abundance of Pack-MULEs, the functionality of these duplicates is not clear. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of expression and purifying selection on 2809 Pack-MULEs in rice (Oryza sativa), which are derived from 1501 parental genes. At least 22% of the Pack-MULEs are transcribed, and 28 Pack-MULEs have direct evidence of translation. Chimeric Pack-MULEs, which contain gene fragments from multiple genes, are much more frequently expressed than those derived only from a single gene. In addition, Pack-MULEs are frequently associated with small RNAs. The presence of these small RNAs is associated with a reduction in expression of both the Pack-MULEs and their parental genes. Furthermore, an assessment of the selection pressure on the Pack-MULEs using the ratio of nonsynonymous (Ka) and synonymous (Ks) substitution rates indicates that a considerable number of Pack-MULEs likely have been under selective constraint. The Ka/Ks values of Pack-MULE and parental gene pairs are lower among Pack-MULEs that are expressed in sense orientations. Taken together, our analysis suggests that a significant number of Pack-MULEs are expressed and subjected to purifying selection, and some are associated with small RNAs. Therefore, at least a subset of Pack-MULEs are likely functional and have great potential in regulating gene expression as well as providing novel coding capacities.","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"149 1","pages":"25 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86600676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant cell walls need to be functional in supporting the cell even as the cell grows and deposits new wall components. The regulation of cell wall biosynthesis is thus vital for plant cell growth. Receptor-like Ser/Thr protein kinases (RLKs) are ubiquitous signaling modules, and a number of plasma
植物细胞壁需要在细胞生长和沉积新的细胞壁成分时起支持细胞的作用。因此，细胞壁生物合成的调控对植物细胞生长至关重要。受体样丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(receptor -样Ser/Thr protein kinase, RLKs)是一种普遍存在的信号模块，在许多血浆中存在
{"title":"New Role for ACC in Cell Wall Biosynthesis","authors":"Nancy R. Hofmann","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.201111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.201111","url":null,"abstract":"Plant cell walls need to be functional in supporting the cell even as the cell grows and deposits new wall components. The regulation of cell wall biosynthesis is thus vital for plant cell growth. Receptor-like Ser/Thr protein kinases (RLKs) are ubiquitous signaling modules, and a number of plasma","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"12 1","pages":"2928 - 2928"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79137265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In flowering plants, male and female gametes are produced in the anther and ovule, respectively. Male gametes are contained within pollen grains, which are released from the anthers at anthesis. After a pollen grain lands on the stigma, male gametes are delivered to the ovule via the pollen tube,
{"title":"LORELEI: Guiding the Fate of Male Gametes","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.201112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.201112","url":null,"abstract":"In flowering plants, male and female gametes are produced in the anther and ovule, respectively. Male gametes are contained within pollen grains, which are released from the anthers at anthesis. After a pollen grain lands on the stigma, male gametes are delivered to the ovule via the pollen tube,","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"1 1","pages":"2929 - 2929"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88400229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
How does a nematode build its dream home? For parasitic cyst nematodes such as Heterodera , juvenile worms infect the roots of plants and induce plant cells to form a syncytium, where the nematodes feed and reproduce (see [figure][1] ). Not surprisingly, this is devastating for the plant; indeed,
{"title":"Will Remodel to Suit: Cellulose Binding Protein Secreted by a Parasitic Nematode Interacts with Arabidopsis Pectin Methylesterase","authors":"J. Mach","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.201110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.201110","url":null,"abstract":"How does a nematode build its dream home? For parasitic cyst nematodes such as Heterodera , juvenile worms infect the roots of plants and induce plant cells to form a syncytium, where the nematodes feed and reproduce (see [figure][1] ). Not surprisingly, this is devastating for the plant; indeed,","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"100 1","pages":"2927 - 2927"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85795436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazuo Ebine, Yusuke Okatani, T. Uemura, T. Goh, Keiko Shoda, Mitsuru Niihama, M. Morita, Christoph Spitzer, M. Otegui, A. Nakano, T. Ueda
The SNARE complex is a key regulator of vesicular traffic, executing membrane fusion between transport vesicles or organelles and target membranes. A functional SNARE complex consists of four coiled-coil helical bundles, three of which are supplied by Q-SNAREs and another from an R-SNARE. Arabidopsis thaliana VAMP727 is an R-SNARE, with homologs only in seed plants. We have found that VAMP727 colocalizes with SYP22/ VAM3, a Q-SNARE, on a subpopulation of prevacuolar compartments/endosomes closely associated with the vacuolar membrane. Genetic and biochemical analyses, including examination of a synergistic interaction of vamp727 and syp22 mutations, histological examination of protein localization, and coimmunoprecipitation from Arabidopsis lysates indicate that VAMP727 forms a complex with SYP22, VTI11, and SYP51 and that this complex plays a crucial role in vacuolar transport, seed maturation, and vacuole biogenesis. We suggest that the VAMP727 complex mediates the membrane fusion between the prevacuolar compartment and the vacuole and that this process has evolved as an essential step for seed development.
{"title":"A SNARE Complex Unique to Seed Plants Is Required for Protein Storage Vacuole Biogenesis and Seed Development of Arabidopsis thaliana[W][OA]","authors":"Kazuo Ebine, Yusuke Okatani, T. Uemura, T. Goh, Keiko Shoda, Mitsuru Niihama, M. Morita, Christoph Spitzer, M. Otegui, A. Nakano, T. Ueda","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.057711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.057711","url":null,"abstract":"The SNARE complex is a key regulator of vesicular traffic, executing membrane fusion between transport vesicles or organelles and target membranes. A functional SNARE complex consists of four coiled-coil helical bundles, three of which are supplied by Q-SNAREs and another from an R-SNARE. Arabidopsis thaliana VAMP727 is an R-SNARE, with homologs only in seed plants. We have found that VAMP727 colocalizes with SYP22/ VAM3, a Q-SNARE, on a subpopulation of prevacuolar compartments/endosomes closely associated with the vacuolar membrane. Genetic and biochemical analyses, including examination of a synergistic interaction of vamp727 and syp22 mutations, histological examination of protein localization, and coimmunoprecipitation from Arabidopsis lysates indicate that VAMP727 forms a complex with SYP22, VTI11, and SYP51 and that this complex plays a crucial role in vacuolar transport, seed maturation, and vacuole biogenesis. We suggest that the VAMP727 complex mediates the membrane fusion between the prevacuolar compartment and the vacuole and that this process has evolved as an essential step for seed development.","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"77 1","pages":"3006 - 3021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91194228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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