Aquaporins are intrinsic membrane proteins known to facilitate membrane water transport and are found in most living organisms (Agre, 2004). They comprise a large family in plants: Arabidopsis, rice, and maize each have ;35 different aquaporins. These initially were categorized into four subfamilies, largely based on apparent patterns of localization: plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), Nodulin26-like intrinsic membrane proteins, present in the peribacteroid membrane ofsoybean rootnodules, and small basic intrinsic proteins, found in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, this classification is somewhat misleading, as PIP aquaporins have been identified in organellar membranes and some TIP aquaporins in the plasma membrane (reviewed in Kaldenhoff et al., 2007; Maurel, 2007). Recent work has suggested that, in addition to water movement, aquaporins might transport other physiologically important molecules across membranes, including CO2 ,H 2O2 ,N H 3/NH4 1 , boron, and silicon, and therefore may be involved in a number of fundamental processes in plants, such as nutrient acquistion, photosynthesis, and stress responses. However, measuring transport via aquaporin channels directly and teasing apart a direct role in transport of these molecules and possible indirect affects associated with water transport has proven to be exceptionally difficult. Uehlein et al. (pages 648–657) show that the aquaporin Nt AQP1 is localized to the inner chloroplast membrane and the plasma membrane in tobacco and present evidence that it facilitates transport of CO2 into the chloroplast and impacts CO2 fixation and photosynthesis. Subcellular localization of Nt AQP1 to the inner chloroplast membrane and plasmamembrane was determined by immunblot analysis, electron microscopy using immungold labeling, and fluorescence microscopy using a green fluorescent protein fusion. The authors investigated AQP1 function in membrane permeability to water and CO2using RNA interference
{"title":"Aquaporins and Chloroplast Membrane Permeability","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200311","url":null,"abstract":"Aquaporins are intrinsic membrane proteins known to facilitate membrane water transport and are found in most living organisms (Agre, 2004). They comprise a large family in plants: Arabidopsis, rice, and maize each have ;35 different aquaporins. These initially were categorized into four subfamilies, largely based on apparent patterns of localization: plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), Nodulin26-like intrinsic membrane proteins, present in the peribacteroid membrane ofsoybean rootnodules, and small basic intrinsic proteins, found in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, this classification is somewhat misleading, as PIP aquaporins have been identified in organellar membranes and some TIP aquaporins in the plasma membrane (reviewed in Kaldenhoff et al., 2007; Maurel, 2007). Recent work has suggested that, in addition to water movement, aquaporins might transport other physiologically important molecules across membranes, including CO2 ,H 2O2 ,N H 3/NH4 1 , boron, and silicon, and therefore may be involved in a number of fundamental processes in plants, such as nutrient acquistion, photosynthesis, and stress responses. However, measuring transport via aquaporin channels directly and teasing apart a direct role in transport of these molecules and possible indirect affects associated with water transport has proven to be exceptionally difficult. Uehlein et al. (pages 648–657) show that the aquaporin Nt AQP1 is localized to the inner chloroplast membrane and the plasma membrane in tobacco and present evidence that it facilitates transport of CO2 into the chloroplast and impacts CO2 fixation and photosynthesis. Subcellular localization of Nt AQP1 to the inner chloroplast membrane and plasmamembrane was determined by immunblot analysis, electron microscopy using immungold labeling, and fluorescence microscopy using a green fluorescent protein fusion. The authors investigated AQP1 function in membrane permeability to water and CO2using RNA interference","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"1 1","pages":"499 - 499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82116603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agricultural crop varieties contain only a small amount of the variation present in the gene pool that includes their closely related wild relatives, and wild relatives are therefore considered to be a valuable resource for continued improvements in crop yield and quality ([Fernie et al., 2006][1
农作物品种在基因库(包括其近缘野生近缘种)中只包含少量变异，因此野生近缘种被认为是持续提高作物产量和质量的宝贵资源([Fernie et al.， 2006][1])
{"title":"Heritability of the Tomato Fruit Metabolome","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200313","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural crop varieties contain only a small amount of the variation present in the gene pool that includes their closely related wild relatives, and wild relatives are therefore considered to be a valuable resource for continued improvements in crop yield and quality ([Fernie et al., 2006][1","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"17 1","pages":"501 - 501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74119717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant pathogens breach the plant cell to reach the nutrients within and yet must also avoid detection by the plant defenses (reviewed in [Huckelhoven, 2007][1]). During infection, fungal and oomycete pathogens make new cell wall and at the same time break down the host cell wall. First, the pathogen
{"title":"Cellulose Synthesis in Phytophthora infestans Pathogenesis","authors":"J. Mach","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200312","url":null,"abstract":"Plant pathogens breach the plant cell to reach the nutrients within and yet must also avoid detection by the plant defenses (reviewed in [Huckelhoven, 2007][1]). During infection, fungal and oomycete pathogens make new cell wall and at the same time break down the host cell wall. First, the pathogen","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"113 1","pages":"500 - 500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73704959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most eukaryotic genes are interrupted by one or more introns that are transcribed and then removed by splicing before the mRNA exits the nucleus. Some intron-containing genes have much higher expression levels than intronless versions of the same gene (reviewed in [Le Hir et al., 2003][1]). The
大多数真核生物基因被一个或多个内含子打断，这些内含子被转录，然后在mRNA离开细胞核之前被剪接去除。一些内含子基因的表达水平远高于相同基因的无内含子版本(详见[Le Hir et al.， 2003][1])。的
{"title":"The IMEter Predicts an Intron's Ability to Boost Gene Expression","authors":"Kathleen L. Farquharson","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200310","url":null,"abstract":"Most eukaryotic genes are interrupted by one or more introns that are transcribed and then removed by splicing before the mRNA exits the nucleus. Some intron-containing genes have much higher expression levels than intronless versions of the same gene (reviewed in [Le Hir et al., 2003][1]). The","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"21 1","pages":"498 - 498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83292267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
KNOTTED1 -like homeobox ( KNOX ) genes function in meristem maintenance in the plant shoot apical meristem (SAM), and organogenesis requires downregulation of KNOX genes in lateral organ primordia (reviewed in [Byrne, 2005][1]; [Scofield and Murray, 2006][2]). Principle features of organogenesis
KNOTTED1样同源盒(KNOX)基因在植物茎尖分生组织(SAM)中起分生组织维持的作用，器官发生需要下调侧边器官原基中的KNOX基因(review in [Byrne, 2005][1];[Scofield and Murray, 2006][2])。器官发生的主要特征
{"title":"A Repressor Complex That Functions in Organogenesis","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200110","url":null,"abstract":"KNOTTED1 -like homeobox ( KNOX ) genes function in meristem maintenance in the plant shoot apical meristem (SAM), and organogenesis requires downregulation of KNOX genes in lateral organ primordia (reviewed in [Byrne, 2005][1]; [Scofield and Murray, 2006][2]). Principle features of organogenesis","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"21 1","pages":"5 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85222082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The question of what makes a functional centromere remains one of the most important and intriguing unanswered questions in biology. The centromere boundary can be defined by identifying sequences that bind to CENH3, a centromere-specific histone H3 variant (called CENP-A in mammals; reviewed in [
{"title":"Defining a Functional Centromere","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200112","url":null,"abstract":"The question of what makes a functional centromere remains one of the most important and intriguing unanswered questions in biology. The centromere boundary can be defined by identifying sequences that bind to CENH3, a centromere-specific histone H3 variant (called CENP-A in mammals; reviewed in [","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"72 1","pages":"7 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86148459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meristem organization and maintenance requires precise control over the cell cycle, yet little is known about how cell cycle regulatory genes function within plant meristems relative to other tissues. Progression through the cell cycle is dependent on the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs
{"title":"Cell Cycle Control and Meristem Integrity","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.200111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.200111","url":null,"abstract":"Meristem organization and maintenance requires precise control over the cell cycle, yet little is known about how cell cycle regulatory genes function within plant meristems relative to other tissues. Progression through the cell cycle is dependent on the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"15 1","pages":"6 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84292622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The grass family, which includes more than 10,000 species, is the single most important family in agriculture. Although relatively small compared with other flowering plant families, it surpasses all others in economic importance (maize, wheat, and rice alone account for a major portion of food
{"title":"Grass Genome Evolution","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.058586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.058586","url":null,"abstract":"The grass family, which includes more than 10,000 species, is the single most important family in agriculture. Although relatively small compared with other flowering plant families, it surpasses all others in economic importance (maize, wheat, and rice alone account for a major portion of food","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"38 1","pages":"3 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75419628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different parts of the canopy are exposed to potentially damaging full sunlight as the sun tracks from east to west. Rossel et al. (pages [4091–4110][1]) investigate a novel photoprotective signaling system in Arabidopsis by which exposed leaves could signal to and thereby preacclimate shaded
{"title":"Systemic Acquired Acclimation to High Light","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.191211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.191211","url":null,"abstract":"Different parts of the canopy are exposed to potentially damaging full sunlight as the sun tracks from east to west. Rossel et al. (pages [4091–4110][1]) investigate a novel photoprotective signaling system in Arabidopsis by which exposed leaves could signal to and thereby preacclimate shaded","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"14 1","pages":"3838 - 3838"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90035453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Land plant chloroplast genomes contain ∼20 group II introns and a single group I intron. These introns are derivatives of self-splicing ribozymes that have become dependent upon proteins for their splicing. The chloroplast RNA splicing and ribosome maturation (CRM) domain was initially recognized
{"title":"Chloroplast Intron Splicing Mechanisms","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.191210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.191210","url":null,"abstract":"Land plant chloroplast genomes contain ∼20 group II introns and a single group I intron. These introns are derivatives of self-splicing ribozymes that have become dependent upon proteins for their splicing. The chloroplast RNA splicing and ribosome maturation (CRM) domain was initially recognized","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"16 1","pages":"3838 - 3838"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87958979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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