Imagine a plant genetics lab in the year 2020. After the genomics era, the function of nearly every plant gene is known. Inexpensive resequencing methods allow easy access to natural genetic variation and creation of multiple mutant alleles for each locus. Geneticists can pursue what has been a life
{"title":"Naughty Behavior of Maize Minichromosomes in Meiosis","authors":"Arnaud Ronceret, C. Bozza, W. Pawlowski","doi":"10.1105/tpc.108.057968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.057968","url":null,"abstract":"Imagine a plant genetics lab in the year 2020. After the genomics era, the function of nearly every plant gene is known. Inexpensive resequencing methods allow easy access to natural genetic variation and creation of multiple mutant alleles for each locus. Geneticists can pursue what has been a life","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"4 1","pages":"3835 - 3837"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82387597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant leaves exist in a dizzying array of shapes and sizes, from the tiny duckweed ( Lemna minor ) to the enormous Raphia palm ( Raphia farinifera ), and the simple-leaved poplar ( Populus sp) to the deeply lobed oak ( Quercus spp) or the delicate compound-leaved Mimosa spp. Class I KNOTTED-like (
{"title":"Evolution of Compound Leaf Development in Legumes: Evidence for Overlapping Roles of KNOX1 and FLO/LFY Genes","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.057497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.057497","url":null,"abstract":"Plant leaves exist in a dizzying array of shapes and sizes, from the tiny duckweed ( Lemna minor ) to the enormous Raphia palm ( Raphia farinifera ), and the simple-leaved poplar ( Populus sp) to the deeply lobed oak ( Quercus spp) or the delicate compound-leaved Mimosa spp. Class I KNOTTED-like (","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"3 1","pages":"3315 - 3316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81326453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agorio and Vera (pages [3778–3790][1]) characterize an ocp (for overexpressor of cationic peroxidase ) mutant that overexpresses the H2O2-responsive Ep5C promoter fused to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene. The ocp11 mutant exhibits enhanced disease susceptibility to several virulent and
{"title":"Gene Silencing and Resistance to Bacterial Pathogens","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.191111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.191111","url":null,"abstract":"Agorio and Vera (pages [3778–3790][1]) characterize an ocp (for overexpressor of cationic peroxidase ) mutant that overexpresses the H2O2-responsive Ep5C promoter fused to the β-glucuronidase reporter gene. The ocp11 mutant exhibits enhanced disease susceptibility to several virulent and","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"40 1","pages":"3317 - 3317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74032334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cytosolic free Ca2+ [Ca2+]cyt shows circadian oscillations in plants, which might play a role in clock control of circadian rhythms of various processes, such as photosynthesis and photoperiodic control of flowering. Xu et al. (pages [3474–3490][1]) undertook an extensive analysis of circadian [
{"title":"Circadian Regulation of Cytosolic Ca2+","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.191110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.191110","url":null,"abstract":"Cytosolic free Ca2+ [Ca2+]cyt shows circadian oscillations in plants, which might play a role in clock control of circadian rhythms of various processes, such as photosynthesis and photoperiodic control of flowering. Xu et al. (pages [3474–3490][1]) undertook an extensive analysis of circadian [","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"2 1","pages":"3317 - 3317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73278482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DELLA proteins are negative regulators of gibberellin (GA) signaling that act immediately downstream of the GA receptor. Binding of GA to its soluble receptor, GID1, causes binding of GID1-GA to DELLAs and leads to their degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. DELLAs are nuclear localized
{"title":"GA Signaling: Direct Targets of DELLA Proteins","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.191010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.191010","url":null,"abstract":"DELLA proteins are negative regulators of gibberellin (GA) signaling that act immediately downstream of the GA receptor. Binding of GA to its soluble receptor, GID1, causes binding of GID1-GA to DELLAs and leads to their degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. DELLAs are nuclear localized","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"30 1","pages":"2970 - 2970"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91318786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is the season when many assistant professors in the U.S. are subjected to the vagaries of their universities’ promotion and tenure process. A common piece of advice that is given to job candidates and newly hired assistant professors is that it is important to work independently of other faculty so that one’s accomplishments can be measured easily without the complication caused by involving more established scientists, making the evaluation of individual contributions difficult. However, from the modern perspective that faculty scientists should do the best possible, cutting-edge science, this is arguably the worst possible advice a new faculty member could be given. Collaboration is fundamentally important in 21st century biology. ‘‘We are all biologists now’’ is a widely mentioned, but oft forgotten phrase when tenure decisions come around. This statement simply means that limiting one’s work to merely a subdiscipline is out of date. Plant scientists can no longer simply be molecular biologists, biochemists, cell biologists, ecologists, or geneticists. If we are to understand plants at the level of dynamic living systems shaped by evolution in the rich context of their interrelationships with other organisms, then we have to embrace all of these disciplines plus more, stretching to even more diverse fields, such as mathematics, physics, the computer and information sciences, and engineering. No longer can any of us isolate ourselves; rather, we must all embrace multidisciplinary biology as a core principle. The promotion and tenure process should require both the candidate and the committee to explicitly identify and evaluate individual contributions. It should be the duty and responsibility of all promotion and tenure committees to assess and recognize the nature and extent of collaborations and of individual contributions to collaborative research. In today’s world, clear evidence of significant contribution to successful and substantive collaboration should be expected of almost any candidate for promotion and tenure in the biological sciences; never should a candidate be penalized for engaging in collaborative work. In short, collaboration should be expected, not discouraged! It is often claimed that it is difficult to determine who did what when junior faculty collaborate with senior faculty. This is nothing more than an abdication of responsibility: any promotion and tenure committee should be able to assess a candidate’s accomplishments within the context of collaborative research, as is done all the time in fields such as physics, astronomy, and the computer and information sciences. There is no good excuse for not doing the same in biology. In point of fact, quite a few universities have already figured out a process to do this well in the biological sciences, and good, useful examples are available. Collaboration is the lifeblood of modern biology, and any biologist who doesn’t understand this should not be asked to serve on a p
{"title":"Rewarding Collaboration","authors":"Rich Jorgensen","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.191080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.191080","url":null,"abstract":"This is the season when many assistant professors in the U.S. are subjected to the vagaries of their universities’ promotion and tenure process. A common piece of advice that is given to job candidates and newly hired assistant professors is that it is important to work independently of other faculty so that one’s accomplishments can be measured easily without the complication caused by involving more established scientists, making the evaluation of individual contributions difficult. However, from the modern perspective that faculty scientists should do the best possible, cutting-edge science, this is arguably the worst possible advice a new faculty member could be given. Collaboration is fundamentally important in 21st century biology. ‘‘We are all biologists now’’ is a widely mentioned, but oft forgotten phrase when tenure decisions come around. This statement simply means that limiting one’s work to merely a subdiscipline is out of date. Plant scientists can no longer simply be molecular biologists, biochemists, cell biologists, ecologists, or geneticists. If we are to understand plants at the level of dynamic living systems shaped by evolution in the rich context of their interrelationships with other organisms, then we have to embrace all of these disciplines plus more, stretching to even more diverse fields, such as mathematics, physics, the computer and information sciences, and engineering. No longer can any of us isolate ourselves; rather, we must all embrace multidisciplinary biology as a core principle. The promotion and tenure process should require both the candidate and the committee to explicitly identify and evaluate individual contributions. It should be the duty and responsibility of all promotion and tenure committees to assess and recognize the nature and extent of collaborations and of individual contributions to collaborative research. In today’s world, clear evidence of significant contribution to successful and substantive collaboration should be expected of almost any candidate for promotion and tenure in the biological sciences; never should a candidate be penalized for engaging in collaborative work. In short, collaboration should be expected, not discouraged! It is often claimed that it is difficult to determine who did what when junior faculty collaborate with senior faculty. This is nothing more than an abdication of responsibility: any promotion and tenure committee should be able to assess a candidate’s accomplishments within the context of collaborative research, as is done all the time in fields such as physics, astronomy, and the computer and information sciences. There is no good excuse for not doing the same in biology. In point of fact, quite a few universities have already figured out a process to do this well in the biological sciences, and good, useful examples are available. Collaboration is the lifeblood of modern biology, and any biologist who doesn’t understand this should not be asked to serve on a p","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"8 1","pages":"2967 - 2967"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74258168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In many plants species, the initiation of flowering is determined by seasonal changes in daylength. Long-day (LD) plants, such as Arabidopsis , initiate flowering when daylength grows longer, whereas short-day (SD) plants, such as rice, initiate flowering under shorter days. Other cues that affect
{"title":"Measuring Daylength: Pharbitis Takes a Different Approach","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.056713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.056713","url":null,"abstract":"In many plants species, the initiation of flowering is determined by seasonal changes in daylength. Long-day (LD) plants, such as Arabidopsis , initiate flowering when daylength grows longer, whereas short-day (SD) plants, such as rice, initiate flowering under shorter days. Other cues that affect","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"2 1","pages":"2968 - 2969"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73064248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DNA topoisomerase VI (topo VI) is found only in archaeabacteria and plants, and in plants, it is required for the progression of endoreduplication cycles. Archaea topo VI is a heterotetramer containing two A subunits required for DNA cleavage and two B subunits that perform ATP hydrolysis.
{"title":"MIDGET and the Function of Topoisomerase VI in Arabidopsis","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.191011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.191011","url":null,"abstract":"DNA topoisomerase VI (topo VI) is found only in archaeabacteria and plants, and in plants, it is required for the progression of endoreduplication cycles. Archaea topo VI is a heterotetramer containing two A subunits required for DNA cleavage and two B subunits that perform ATP hydrolysis.","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"95 1","pages":"2970 - 2970"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76854957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bush and Leach are champions for rice, which is, of course, a key crop in many countries. The rice research and consumer communities are located mainly outside the U.S. Thus, in the international arena, there are many compelling reasons for exploring both the suitability of rice by-products as
{"title":"Reply: Specific Reasons to Favor Maize in the U.S.","authors":"Carolyn J. Lawrence-Dill, V. Walbot","doi":"10.1105/TPC.107.191041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/TPC.107.191041","url":null,"abstract":"Bush and Leach are champions for rice, which is, of course, a key crop in many countries. The rice research and consumer communities are located mainly outside the U.S. Thus, in the international arena, there are many compelling reasons for exploring both the suitability of rice by-products as","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"64 1","pages":"2973 - 2973"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78860683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant disease Resistance ( R ) genes enable plants to recognize specific pathogens that carry corresponding Avirulence ( Avr ) genes and, upon recognition, initiate defense signaling pathways that result in disease resistance. There are five generally recognized classes of proteins encoded by plant
{"title":"Positive and Negative Feedback Coordinate Regulation of Disease Resistance Gene Expression","authors":"N. Eckardt","doi":"10.1105/tpc.107.056226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.056226","url":null,"abstract":"Plant disease Resistance ( R ) genes enable plants to recognize specific pathogens that carry corresponding Avirulence ( Avr ) genes and, upon recognition, initiate defense signaling pathways that result in disease resistance. There are five generally recognized classes of proteins encoded by plant","PeriodicalId":22905,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Cell Online","volume":"226 1","pages":"2700 - 2702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76622693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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