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Natural alleles of LEAFY and WAPO1 interact to regulate spikelet number per spike in wheat. LEAFY 和 WAPO1 的天然等位基因相互作用,调节小麦每穗的小穗数。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04759-x
Junli Zhang, Germán F Burguener, Francine Paraiso, Jorge Dubcovsky

Key message: Specific combinations of LFY and WAPO1 natural alleles maximize spikelet number per spike in wheat. Spikelet number per spike (SNS) is an important yield component in wheat that determines the maximum number of grains that can be formed in a wheat spike. In wheat, loss-of-function mutations in LEAFY (LFY) or its interacting protein WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1 (WAPO1) significantly reduce SNS by reducing the rate of formation of spikelet meristems. In previous studies, we identified a natural amino acid change in WAPO1 (C47F) that significantly increases SNS in hexaploid wheat. In this study, we searched for natural variants in LFY that were associated with differences in SNS and detected significant effects in the LFY-B region in a nested association mapping population. We generated a large mapping population and confirmed that the LFY-B polymorphism R80S is linked with the differences in SNS, suggesting that LFY-B is the likely causal gene. A haplotype analysis revealed two amino acid changes P34L and R80S, which were both enriched during wheat domestication and breeding suggesting positive selection. We also explored the interactions between the LFY and WAPO1 natural variants for SNS using biparental populations and identified significant interaction, in which the positive effect of the 80S and 34L alleles from LFY-B was only detected in the WAPO-A1 47F background but not in the 47C background. Based on these results, we propose that the allele combination WAPO-A1-47F/LFY-B 34L 80S can be used in wheat breeding programs to maximize SNS and increase grain yield potential in wheat.

关键信息:LFY 和 WAPO1 天然等位基因的特定组合可使小麦每穗小穗数最大化。每穗小穗数(SNS)是小麦的一个重要产量成分,它决定了小麦穗中可形成的最大籽粒数。在小麦中,LEAFY(LFY)或其相互作用蛋白 WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1(WAPO1)的功能缺失突变会降低小穗分生组织的形成速度,从而显著降低每穗小穗数(SNS)。在以前的研究中,我们发现 WAPO1 中的一个天然氨基酸变化(C47F)可显著提高六倍体小麦的自交系。在本研究中,我们寻找了 LFY 中与 SNS 差异相关的天然变异,并在嵌套关联作图群体中检测到 LFY-B 区域的显著影响。我们生成了一个大的作图群体,并证实 LFY-B 多态性 R80S 与 SNS 差异有关,表明 LFY-B 可能是致病基因。单倍型分析揭示了 P34L 和 R80S 这两个氨基酸变化,它们在小麦驯化和育种过程中都发生了富集,表明存在正选择。我们还利用双亲群体探讨了 LFY 和 WAPO1 自然变异之间对 SNS 的交互作用,发现了显著的交互作用,其中 LFY-B 的 80S 和 34L 等位基因的正效应只在 WAPO-A1 47F 背景中被检测到,而在 47C 背景中则未被检测到。基于这些结果,我们建议在小麦育种计划中使用WAPO-A1-47F/LFY-B 34L 80S等位基因组合,以最大限度地提高小麦的SNS和谷粒产量潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Identification and development of functional markers for purple grain genes in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). 更正:硬粒小麦(Triticum durum Desf.)紫粒基因功能标记的鉴定和开发。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04755-1
Salvatore Esposito, Samuela Palombieri, Paolo Vitale, Giuseppina Angione, Chiara D'Attilia, Francesca Taranto, Francesco Sestili, Pasquale De Vita
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引用次数: 0
Correction to: Identification and map‑based cloning of an EMS‑induced mutation in wheat gene TaSP1 related to spike architecture. 更正:小麦基因 TaSP1 与穗结构有关的 EMS 诱导突变的鉴定和基于图谱的克隆。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04757-z
Lin Zhang, Huidan Zhou, Xian Fu, Niuniu Zhou, Mengjie Liu, Shenglong Bai, Xinpeng Zhao, Ruiru Cheng, Suoping Li, Dale Zhang
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引用次数: 0
A single-nucleotide insertion in Rxp confers durable resistance to bacterial pustule in soybean. Rxp 中的单核苷酸插入可赋予大豆对细菌性脓疱病的持久抗性。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04743-5
Fumio Taguchi-Shiobara, Koji Takahashi, Ryoichi Yano, Rintaro Suzuki, Yuko Yokota, Toshimasa Yamazaki, Tetsuya Yamada, Takashi Sayama, Naohiro Yamada, Nobuhiko Oki, Toyoaki Anai, Akito Kaga, Masao Ishimoto

Key message: The soybean Rxp gene, encoding a bHLH transcription factor and an ACT-like domain, has an rxp allele producing a truncated protein that confers resistance to pustule-causing Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines. In soybean, bacterial pustules caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines lead to premature defoliation and decreased yield in warm, wet climates. In the USA, approximately 70 years ago, bacterial pustules were eliminated by introducing a recessive resistance allele, rxp, of the Rxp gene, representing the first example of successful soybean breeding for durable disease resistance in North America. In this study, we isolated this historical Rxp gene from resistant soybean varieties using positional cloning. The 1.06 Mb region where Rxp was reported to reside was narrowed down to an 11.1 kb region containing a single gene, Glyma.17g090500. The resistance allele, rxp, contains a T insertion. A complementation test of the Rxp allele in resistant plants confirmed the identification of the Rxp gene. The product of the susceptible wild-type allele, Rxp, is presumed to be a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor with an aspartate kinase, chorismate mutase, and TyrA (ACT)-like domain. This gene was mainly expressed in extended leaves, and its homologs were identified to be distributed in angiosperms. A total of six alleles were obtained: four from spontaneous variation, including the wild-type and three mutant alleles that encoded truncated proteins, and two from ethyl methanesulfonate mutants, including an allele that encoded a truncated protein and a missense allele. By evaluating the resistance of these six alleles, we found that the loss of function of RXP decreased the bacterial pustule lesions. This study provides important insights into the soybean rxp allele, which confers durable resistance to bacterial pustules.

关键信息:大豆 Rxp 基因编码一个 bHLH 转录因子和一个类似 ACT 的结构域,其等位基因 rxp 产生的截短蛋白可产生对引起脓疱病的 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines 的抗性。在温暖潮湿的气候条件下,黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines)引起的大豆细菌性脓疱病会导致大豆过早落叶和减产。大约 70 年前,美国通过引入 Rxp 基因的隐性抗性等位基因 rxp,消除了细菌性脓疱病,这是北美地区成功培育大豆持久抗病性的第一个范例。在本研究中,我们利用定位克隆技术从抗病大豆品种中分离出了这一历史性的 Rxp 基因。据报道,Rxp 所在的 1.06 Mb 区域被缩小到包含单个基因 Glyma.17g090500 的 11.1 kb 区域。抗性等位基因 rxp 包含一个 T 插入。在抗性植株中对 Rxp 等位基因的互补试验证实了 Rxp 基因的鉴定。据推测,易感野生型等位基因 Rxp 的产物是一种基本螺旋环螺旋(bHLH)转录因子,具有天冬氨酸激酶、络氨酸突变酶和 TyrA(ACT)样结构域。该基因主要在伸展的叶片中表达,其同源物在被子植物中也有分布。共获得了六个等位基因:四个来自自发变异,包括野生型和三个编码截短蛋白的突变等位基因;两个来自甲磺酸乙酯突变体,包括一个编码截短蛋白的等位基因和一个错义等位基因。通过评估这六个等位基因的抗性,我们发现 RXP 的功能缺失会减少细菌脓疱病的发生。这项研究为大豆 rxp 等位基因提供了重要的启示,该等位基因赋予了大豆对细菌脓疱病的持久抗性。
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引用次数: 0
Genome-wide mapping of quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to stripe rust in spring wheat line PI 660072. 春小麦品系 PI 660072 抗条锈病数量性状位点的全基因组测绘。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04760-4
Xinli Zhou, Yuqi Wang, Yuqi Luo, Jie Shuai, Guoyun Jia, Hongyang Chen, Liangqi Zhang, Hao Chen, Xin Li, Kebing Huang, Suizhuang Yang, Meinan Wang, Yong Ren, Gang Li, Xianming Chen

Key message: Two major QTL for resistance to stripe rust were mapped on chromosome 2BL and 4BL in spring wheat PI 660072, and their KASP markers were developed. Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide. Identifying resistance genes is crucial for developing resistant cultivars to control the disease. Spring wheat PI 660072 (Triticum aestivum) has been identified to possess both adult-plant resistance (APR) and all-stage resistance (ASR) to stripe rust. To elucidate the genetic basis of the resistance in PI 660072, a mapping population consisting of 211 F5-F7 recombinant-inbred lines (RILs) was developed from a cross of PI 660072 with susceptible spring wheat Avocet S. The mapping population was phenotyped for stripe rust responses across five field environments from 2020 to 2022 and genotyped using the 15 K SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) array to map stripe rust resistance loci. The mapping population was also tested at the seedling stage with predominant Chinese Pst races CYR31, CYR32, CYR34 and PST-YX1-3-1 in the greenhouse. Stripe rust resistance genes were identified using the quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approach. Two QTL were identified with QYrPI660072.swust-2BL mapped on the long arm of chromosome 2B for ASR and QYrPI660072.swust-4BL on the long arm of chromosome 4B for APR. To facilitate marker-assisted selection breeding, Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers, KASP-1269 for QYrPI660072.swust-2BL and KASP-3209 for QYrPI660072.swust-4BL, were developed. These markers could be used to introgress the effective resistance QTL into new wheat cultivars.

关键信息:在春小麦 PI 660072 的 2BL 和 4BL 染色体上绘制了抗条锈病的两个主要 QTL,并开发了它们的 KASP 标记。由条锈病菌(Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici,Pst)引起的条锈病是全球小麦最具毁灭性的病害之一。鉴定抗性基因对于培育抗病品种以控制该病害至关重要。春小麦 PI 660072(Triticum aestivum)已被确定具有对条锈病的成株抗性(APR)和全生育期抗性(ASR)。为了阐明 PI 660072 抗性的遗传基础,从 PI 660072 与易感春小麦 Avocet S 的杂交中培育出了一个由 211 个 F5-F7 重组育种系(RIL)组成的测绘群体。从 2020 年到 2022 年,对该测绘群体在五个田间环境中的条锈病反应进行了表型分析,并使用 15 K SNP(单核苷酸多态性)阵列进行了基因分型,以绘制条锈病抗性位点图。此外,还在温室中用主要的中国 Pst 株系 CYR31、CYR32、CYR34 和 PST-YX1-3-1 对制图群体进行了苗期测试。利用数量性状位点(QTL)作图法确定了条锈病抗性基因。确定了两个 QTL,QYrPI660072.swust-2BL 映射在 ASR 的 2B 染色体长臂上,QYrPI660072.swust-4BL 映射在 APR 的 4B 染色体长臂上。为促进标记辅助选择育种,开发了竞争性等位基因特异性 PCR(KASP)标记,即 QYrPI660072.swust-2BL 的 KASP-1269 和 QYrPI660072.swust-4BL 的 KASP-3209。这些标记可用于将有效抗性 QTL 导入新的小麦栽培品种。
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引用次数: 0
Phenotypic characterization and genetic mapping of the semi-dwarf mutant sdw9 in maize. 玉米半矮突变体 sdw9 的表型特征和遗传图谱。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04762-2
Jiawen Zhao, Baiyu Yuan, Hao Zhang, Xiao Guo, Liangfa Wang, Xiaoqian Qiu, QianKun Xie, Liqin Mu, Chenhui Ma, Teng Zhou, Javed Hussain, Xiaoyang Chen, Xuehai Zhang, Dong Ding, Jiong Wan, Jihua Tang

Key message: In summary, we characterized a maize semi-dwarf mutant, sdw9, and successfully isolated the responsible gene, which encodes a GRAS protein, through a combination of map-based cloning and Re-sequencing (Re-seq). Our findings demonstrate that the candidate gene ZmGRAS42 regulates BR signaling genes, thereby influencing internode development. This regulatory function likely involves processes such as cell division, cell cycle regulation and cell wall synthesis. Favorable variations of ZmGRAS42 identified in this study may hold promise for the development of lodging-resistant maize cultivars suitable for high-density planting, contributing to the improvement of maize breeding programs. Plant height and lateral root angle are crucial determinants of plant architecture in maize (Zea mays) which are closely related to lodging resistance at high planting density. These traits are intricately regulated by various phytohormones. Mutations affecting hormone biosynthesis and signaling often lead to reduced yield alongside diminished plant height, posing challenges in breeding dwarf maize varieties. In this study, the maize mutant sdw9 was characterized, which displays shorter stature and altered lateral root angle compared to WT, while showing potential to increase planting density and improve overall yield despite a slight reduction in single-ear yield. Employing positional cloning coupled with Re-seq techniques, we pinpointed a transposon insertion in the candidate gene ZmGRAS42, which encodes a GRAS transcription factor involved in BR signaling in maize. Transcriptome analysis revealed that ZmGRAS42 orchestrates the expression of several known dwarfing genes such as D8, Br2, and Na2, along with genes associated with cell wall organization, cell division, and cell cycle regulation, notably Cesa4, Cesa7, and Cyc11. Furthermore, identification of favorable ZmGRAS42 haplotypes linked to reduced plant height offers novel avenues for maize breeding strategies. These findings not only hold the potential for enhancing maize lodging resistance but also for optimizing land utilization through high-density planting practices.

关键信息:综上所述,我们对玉米半矮小突变体 sdw9 进行了鉴定,并通过基于图谱的克隆和测序(Re-sequencing,Re-seq)相结合的方法成功分离出了编码 GRAS 蛋白的责任基因。我们的研究结果表明,候选基因 ZmGRAS42 可调控 BR 信号转导基因,从而影响节间发育。这种调控功能可能涉及细胞分裂、细胞周期调控和细胞壁合成等过程。本研究发现的 ZmGRAS42 的有利变异可能有望培育出适合高密度种植的抗倒伏玉米品种,从而促进玉米育种计划的改进。株高和侧根角是玉米(Zea mays)植株结构的关键决定因素,它们与高密度种植时的抗倒伏性密切相关。这些性状受到各种植物激素的复杂调控。影响激素生物合成和信号传导的突变通常会导致产量下降,同时株高降低,这给培育矮秆玉米品种带来了挑战。本研究对玉米突变体 sdw9 进行了表征,与 WT 相比,sdw9 表现出较矮的株型和改变的侧根角度,尽管单穗产量略有减少,但仍显示出增加种植密度和提高总产量的潜力。通过定位克隆和Re-seq技术,我们确定了候选基因ZmGRAS42中的转座子插入,该基因编码一个参与玉米BR信号转导的GRAS转录因子。转录组分析表明,ZmGRAS42协调了几个已知矮化基因(如D8、Br2和Na2)以及与细胞壁组织、细胞分裂和细胞周期调控有关的基因(特别是Cesa4、Cesa7和Cyc11)的表达。此外,与植株高度降低有关的有利 ZmGRAS42 单倍型的鉴定为玉米育种策略提供了新的途径。这些发现不仅有可能提高玉米的抗倒伏能力,还能通过高密度种植优化土地利用。
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引用次数: 0
GW3, encoding a member of the P450 subfamily, controls grain width by regulating the GA4 content in spikelets of rice (Oryza sativa L.). 编码 P450 亚家族成员的 GW3 通过调节水稻(Oryza sativa L.)小穗中 GA4 的含量来控制粒宽。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04751-5
Xiaojing Dang, Qing Xu, Yulong Li, Shaojie Song, Changmin Hu, Chunyu Jing, Ying Zhang, Dezheng Wang, Delin Hong, Jianhua Jiang

Key message: A stable QTL, GW3, controlling grain width was identified in two populations. Its causal gene LOC_Os03g04680 was verified by gene-based haplotype analysis, expression analysis, gene knockout and complementation transgenic tests. Grain width (GW) is one of the key traits affecting grain size and determines grain yield and appearance quality in rice. Mining gene loci and elite alleles controlling GW is necessary. The GW phenotypes of the two populations were investigated in three environments, which showed abundant phenotypic variation. GW3, encoding a P450 subfamily protein, was identified and validated as a causal gene by gene-based haplotype analysis, expression analysis, gene knockout and complementation transgenic tests. The accessions with large GW values had high gene expression levels. In addition, the GW of the accessions with the GG allele was significantly greater than that of the accessions with the AA allele. The Hap 1 and Hap 3 were identified as elite haplotypes, which can increase GW. The expression levels of OsKO1, OsGA3ox1, OsGA20ox1 and OsGA20ox2 in the young panicle of A7444 were significantly greater than those in the young panicle of the mutants, indicating that GW3 may be involved in the gibberellins (GA) biosynthesis pathway to regulate GW. GA4 content detection and electron scanning analysis revealed that GA4 regulates GW by affecting glume cell size. These results provide new insights for studying the genetic mechanism of rice GW and provide a material basis for breeding high-yield rice varieties.

关键信息在两个群体中发现了控制粒宽的稳定 QTL GW3。通过基于基因的单倍型分析、表达分析、基因敲除和互补转基因试验验证了其致病基因LOC_Os03g04680。粒宽(GW)是影响水稻籽粒大小的关键性状之一,决定着水稻的籽粒产量和外观品质。挖掘控制粒宽的基因位点和精英等位基因是必要的。在三个环境中对两个群体的 GW 表型进行了研究,结果表明表型差异很大。通过基于基因的单倍型分析、表达分析、基因敲除和互补转基因试验,确定并验证了编码 P450 亚家族蛋白的 GW3 为致病基因。GW值大的基因序列具有较高的基因表达水平。此外,具有 GG 等位基因的种群的 GW 值明显高于具有 AA 等位基因的种群。Hap 1 和 Hap 3 被鉴定为精英单倍型,可提高 GW 值。A7444幼苗圆锥花序中OsKO1、OsGA3ox1、OsGA20ox1和OsGA20ox2的表达水平明显高于突变体幼苗圆锥花序中的表达水平,表明GW3可能参与赤霉素(GA)生物合成途径,调控GW。GA4含量检测和电子扫描分析表明,GA4通过影响颖果细胞大小来调控GW。这些结果为研究水稻GW的遗传机制提供了新的见解,为培育高产水稻品种提供了物质基础。
{"title":"GW3, encoding a member of the P450 subfamily, controls grain width by regulating the GA<sub>4</sub> content in spikelets of rice (Oryza sativa L.).","authors":"Xiaojing Dang, Qing Xu, Yulong Li, Shaojie Song, Changmin Hu, Chunyu Jing, Ying Zhang, Dezheng Wang, Delin Hong, Jianhua Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s00122-024-04751-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00122-024-04751-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Key message: </strong>A stable QTL, GW3, controlling grain width was identified in two populations. Its causal gene LOC_Os03g04680 was verified by gene-based haplotype analysis, expression analysis, gene knockout and complementation transgenic tests. Grain width (GW) is one of the key traits affecting grain size and determines grain yield and appearance quality in rice. Mining gene loci and elite alleles controlling GW is necessary. The GW phenotypes of the two populations were investigated in three environments, which showed abundant phenotypic variation. GW3, encoding a P450 subfamily protein, was identified and validated as a causal gene by gene-based haplotype analysis, expression analysis, gene knockout and complementation transgenic tests. The accessions with large GW values had high gene expression levels. In addition, the GW of the accessions with the GG allele was significantly greater than that of the accessions with the AA allele. The Hap 1 and Hap 3 were identified as elite haplotypes, which can increase GW. The expression levels of OsKO1, OsGA3ox1, OsGA20ox1 and OsGA20ox2 in the young panicle of A7444 were significantly greater than those in the young panicle of the mutants, indicating that GW3 may be involved in the gibberellins (GA) biosynthesis pathway to regulate GW. GA<sub>4</sub> content detection and electron scanning analysis revealed that GA<sub>4</sub> regulates GW by affecting glume cell size. These results provide new insights for studying the genetic mechanism of rice GW and provide a material basis for breeding high-yield rice varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":22955,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical and Applied Genetics","volume":"137 11","pages":"251"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142475352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Yr29 combined with QYr.nwafu-4BL.3 confers durable resistance to stripe rust in wheat cultivar Jing 411. Yr29与QYr.nwafu-4BL.3结合可赋予小麦品种京411对条锈病的持久抗性。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04758-y
Mingjie Xiang, Bo Tian, Jianghao Cao, Shengjie Liu, Caie Zhou, Xiaoting Wang, Yibo Zhang, Jiale Li, Xunying Yuan, Jufen Wan, Rui Yu, Weijun Zheng, Jianhui Wu, Qingdong Zeng, Zhensheng Kang, Chunlian Li, Fa Cui, Dejun Han

Key message: The combination of a QTL on chromosome arm 4BL and Yr29 provides durable resistance with no significant yield penalty. Wheat stripe rust or yellow rust (YR), caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), causes substantial yield reductions globally, but losses can be minimized by using resistance genes. Chinese wheat cultivar Jing 411 (J411) has continued to display an acceptable level of adult-plant resistance (APR) to YR in varied field conditions since its release in the 1990s. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population comprising 187 lines developed from a cross of J411 and Kenong 9204 (KN9204) was evaluated in multiple environments to identify genomic regions carrying genes for YR resistance. A total of five quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome arm 1BL, 3BS, 4BL, 6BS, and 7BL from J411 and two QTL on 3DS and 7DL from KN9204 were detected using inclusive composite interval mapping with the wheat 660 K SNP array. QYr.nwafu-1BL.5 and QYr.nwafu-4BL.3 from J411 were robust and showed similar effects in all environments. QYr.nwafu-1BL.5 was likely the pleiotropic gene of Yr29/Lr46. QYr.nwafu-4BL.3 was located within a 1.0 cM interval delimited by KASP markers AX-111609222 and AX-89755491. Based on haplotype analysis, Yr29 and QYr.nwafu-4BL.3 were identified as genetic components of quantitative resistance in a number of wheat cultivars. Moreover, RILs with Yr29 and QYr.nwafu-4BL.3 individually or when combined showed higher resistance to YR in rust nurseries compared with RILs without them, and there was no negative effect of their presence on agronomic traits under rust-free conditions. These results suggest that effective polymerization strategy is important for breeding high yielding and durable resistance cultivars.

关键信息:染色体臂 4BL 上的 QTL 与 Yr29 的结合可提供持久的抗性,且不会造成显著的产量损失。由Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst)引起的小麦条锈病或黄锈病(YR)在全球范围内造成大幅减产,但通过使用抗性基因可将损失降至最低。中国小麦栽培品种京 411(J411)自 20 世纪 90 年代发布以来,在不同的田间条件下持续表现出可接受的成株抗性(APR)。我们在多种环境中评估了由 J411 和 Kenong 9204(KN9204)杂交育成的 187 个品系组成的重组近交系(RIL)群体,以确定携带抗 YR 基因的基因组区域。利用小麦 660 K SNP 阵列的包容性复合间隔图谱,在 J411 的染色体臂 1BL、3BS、4BL、6BS 和 7BL 上共检测到五个数量性状位点(QTL),在 KN9204 的 3DS 和 7DL 上检测到两个 QTL。来自J411的QYr.nwafu-1BL.5和QYr.nwafu-4BL.3是稳健的,在所有环境中都表现出相似的效应。QYr.nwafu-1BL.5可能是Yr29/Lr46的多效基因。QYr.nwafu-4BL.3 位于由 KASP 标记 AX-111609222 和 AX-89755491 限定的 1.0 cM 区间内。根据单倍型分析,Yr29 和 QYr.nwafu-4BL.3 被确定为多个小麦栽培品种的数量抗性遗传成分。此外,与不含Yr29和QYr.nwafu-4BL.3的RIL相比,单独或组合含Yr29和QYr.nwafu-4BL.3的RIL在锈病苗圃中对YR表现出更高的抗性,而且在无锈病条件下,它们的存在对农艺性状没有负面影响。这些结果表明,有效的聚合策略对于培育高产、耐久的抗性栽培品种非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
An island of receptor-like genes at the Rrs13 locus on barley chromosome 6HS co-locate with three novel sources of scald resistance. 大麦 6HS 染色体 Rrs13 基因座上的受体样基因岛与三种新型烫伤抗性来源同位。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04746-2
Peter E Eckstein, Lindsay J Griffith, Xiang M Zhang, T Kelly Turkington, Mark G Colin, Samuel Holden, Sean Walkowiak, Gurcharn S Brar, Aaron D Beattie

Three Hordeum spontaneum-derived resistances (referred to as 145L2, 41T1 and 40Y5) have demonstrated long-term effectiveness against barley scald, caused by Rhynchosporium commune, in western Canada. Genetic mapping of these resistances in three populations, and the use of five barley genome assemblies, revealed they co-located to a narrowly defined 0.58-1.2 Mbp region of chromosome 6HS containing the Rrs13 scald resistance gene. Differential disease reactions among the three resistances and a Rrs13 carrier (AB6) to a panel of 24 scald isolates indicated that the four resistances were unique from one another. A marker created to target the 6HS scald locus was screened across a panel of barley germplasm that included H. vulgare, H. spontaneum and H. bulbosum lines. The marker showed specificity to H. vulgare lines known to carry the 6HS scald resistances and to two H. spontaneum lines that trace their origins to Jordan. Within the 0.58-1.2 Mbp region were 2-7 tandemly repeated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like proteins (LRR-RLP) and one lectin receptor-like kinase (Lec-RLK) genes with abundant sequence variation between them. The well-defined role that RLP and RLK genes play in plant defense responses make them logical candidate resistance genes, with one possible hypothesis being that each unique scald resistance may be encoded by a different RLP that interacts with a common RLK. It is suggested the three scald resistances be temporarily named Rrs13145L2, Rrs1341T1 and Rrs1340Y5 to recognize their co-location to the Rrs13 locus until it is determined whether these resistances represent unique genes or alleles of the same gene.

在加拿大西部,三种源自大麦(Hordeum spontaneum)的抗性(分别称为 145L2、41T1 和 40Y5)已被证明对由大麦赤霉病菌(Rhynchosporium commune)引起的大麦灼伤病长期有效。在三个种群中对这些抗性进行遗传测绘,并利用五个大麦基因组组装,发现它们共同位于染色体 6HS 上一个狭义的 0.58-1.2 Mbp 区域,该区域含有 Rrs13 烫伤抗性基因。三种抗性和 Rrs13 基因载体(AB6)对 24 种烫伤分离物的不同病害反应表明,这四种抗性互不相同。在包括 H. vulgare、H. spontaneum 和 H. bulbosum 品系在内的大麦种质中筛选出了针对 6HS 烫伤基因座的标记。该标记对已知携带 6HS 烫伤抗性的 H. vulgare 品系和两个起源于约旦的 H. spontaneum 品系具有特异性。在 0.58-1.2 Mbp 的区域内,有 2-7 个串联重复的富亮氨酸重复受体样蛋白(LRR-RLP)和一个凝集素受体样激酶(Lec-RLK)基因,它们之间的序列差异很大。RLP 和 RLK 基因在植物防御反应中所起的作用已被明确定义,因此它们是合乎逻辑的候选抗性基因,一种可能的假设是,每种独特的抗烫伤基因都可能是由不同的 RLP 与共同的 RLK 相互作用而编码的。建议将这三种抗烫性暂时命名为 Rrs13145L2、Rrs1341T1 和 Rrs1340Y5,以识别它们在 Rrs13 基因座上的共同位置,直到确定这些抗烫性是代表独特的基因还是同一基因的等位基因。
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引用次数: 0
Co-localization of quantitative trait loci for pod and kernel traits and development of molecular marker for kernel weight on chromosome Arahy05 in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). 花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)荚果和果仁性状数量性状位点的共定位以及染色体 Arahy05 上果仁重量分子标记的开发。
IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04749-z
Yuanjin Fang, Hua Liu, Ziqi Sun, Li Qin, Zheng Zheng, Feiyan Qi, Jihua Wu, Wenzhao Dong, Bingyan Huang, Xinyou Zhang

Key message: Stable QTL for pod and kernel traits were co-localized on chromosome Arahy05, and an INDEL marker at 106,411,957 on Arahy05 was developed and validated to be useful for marker-assisted selection of kernel weight. Pod and kernel traits, such as hundred pod weight (HPW), and hundred kernel weight (HKW), along with pod and kernel sizes, are pivotal determinants of yield in peanut breeding programs. This study sought to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) that are associated with these pod and kernel traits in peanuts. To achieve this, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, was derived from a cross between Yuhua15, a cultivar known for its high yield, and a germplasm accession W1202. The investigation uncovered stable and major QTL that are significantly associated with both pod and kernel weight and were consistently co-localized on chromosomes Arahy05 and Arahy08. Furthermore, an INDEL marker was identified and characterized in the QTL interval on Arahy05. An extensive re-sequencing analysis comprising 395 germplasm accessions led to the discovery of two principal haplotypes within a 500-kb window flanking the aforementioned INDEL marker. The haplotypes exhibited a significant correlation with the HKW in our diverse panel of germplasm accessions. Notably, the 170 accessions harboring the haplotype associated with an increased HKW primarily represented botanical varieties, specifically Arachis hypogaea var. hypogaea and A. hypogaea var. hirsuta. On the other hand, the 137 accessions associated with the alternative haplotype, which corresponded to a reduced HKW, were predominately identified as belonging to botanical varieties within A. hypogaea subsp. fastigiata. The INDEL marker located on Arahy05, which demonstrates close linkage to the pod and kernel traits, would be an efficient approach for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of pod and kernel weight in breeding programs.

关键信息:荚果和果仁性状的稳定 QTL 共同定位在染色体 Arahy05 上,Arahy05 上 106,411,957 处的 INDEL 标记经开发和验证可用于果仁重量的标记辅助选择。在花生育种计划中,百荚重(HPW)和百仁重(HKW)等荚果和果仁性状以及荚果和果仁大小是决定产量的关键因素。本研究试图找出与花生这些豆荚和果仁性状相关的数量性状位点(QTL)。为此,研究人员从以高产著称的栽培品种 "裕华15 "和种质登录W1202杂交得到了一个重组近交系(RIL)群体。研究发现了与豆荚和果仁重量显著相关的稳定的主要 QTL,这些 QTL 始终共定位在染色体 Arahy05 和 Arahy08 上。此外,在 Arahy05 上的 QTL 区间还发现了一个 INDEL 标记,并对其进行了表征。通过对 395 份种质材料进行广泛的重测序分析,在上述 INDEL 标记侧翼的 500-kb 窗口内发现了两个主要单倍型。这些单倍型与我们不同种质组中的 HKW 有显著的相关性。值得注意的是,170 份含有与 HKW 增加相关的单倍型的种质主要代表植物品种,特别是 Arachis hypogaea var.另一方面,与另一种单倍型相关的 137 个登录品系则主要属于 A. hypogaea 亚种 fastigiata 中的植物品种。位于 Arahy05 上的 INDEL 标记与豆荚和果仁的性状有密切联系,是育种计划中对豆荚和果仁重量进行标记辅助选择(MAS)的有效方法。
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Theoretical and Applied Genetics
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