M. Nasir, M. Aiman, Mohanaraj Sithampalanadanarajah, S. Noverdo, T. Ha, J. Mathews
The eastern barn owl (Tyto javanica javanica) has proven to be an effective biological control agent for rodent pest populations in Malaysian oil palm plantations. To establish self-sustaining populations of barn owls in areas where their numbers are low or absent, a translocation programme was implemented. This paper discusses the process of translocating barn owls from Peninsular Malaysia to Sabah. The study provides valuable insights into the factors that contribute to the success of translocation programmes, such as careful planning, monitoring, and preparation, including the construction of an aviary, installation of barn owl boxes, and adherence to export and import procedures, permit applications, and quarantine processes for barn owls from Peninsular Malaysia to Sabah based on IOI’s perspective and experience. Overall, the translocation of barn owls to Sabah is a commendable initiative that not only helps conserve this natural pest controller but also demonstrates the feasibility of translocation as a means of species conservation. Keywords: Barn owl, biological control, translocation, permit application, import-export process.
{"title":"IOI’S EXPERIENCE OF TRANSLOCATING EASTERN BARN OWLS FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA TO SABAH","authors":"M. Nasir, M. Aiman, Mohanaraj Sithampalanadanarajah, S. Noverdo, T. Ha, J. Mathews","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.024","url":null,"abstract":"The eastern barn owl (Tyto javanica javanica) has proven to be an effective biological control agent for rodent pest populations in Malaysian oil palm plantations. To establish self-sustaining populations of barn owls in areas where their numbers are low or absent, a translocation programme was implemented. This paper discusses the process of translocating barn owls from Peninsular Malaysia to Sabah. The study provides valuable insights into the factors that contribute to the success of translocation programmes, such as careful planning, monitoring, and preparation, including the construction of an aviary, installation of barn owl boxes, and adherence to export and import procedures, permit applications, and quarantine processes for barn owls from Peninsular Malaysia to Sabah based on IOI’s perspective and experience. Overall, the translocation of barn owls to Sabah is a commendable initiative that not only helps conserve this natural pest controller but also demonstrates the feasibility of translocation as a means of species conservation. Keywords: Barn owl, biological control, translocation, permit application, import-export process.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84357728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Siew, R. Lim, T. Chew, G. Hagilaa, S. Ng, J. Mathews
Screening of Ganoderma disease tolerant oil palm progenies may provide a practical solution towards basal stem rot, a major disease affecting the oil palm industries of Malaysia and Indonesia. Through the method developed in an earlier paper (part 1), Ganoderma tolerant oil palm planting material was successfully identified among different oil palm progenies through pre-nursery pot-tray system. In this study, reported in the present paper (part 2), the root lignocellulosic content of 35-week-old control seedlings from 19 progenies tested in the earlier paper (part 1) were determined. Based on the results, the summation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents had a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with average days from first symptom to confirmed death (DTD) whereas cellulose was seen to be weakly correlated with average days from inoculation to first symptom (DTFS) at p-value < 0.10. However, lignin content in roots were not significantly correlated with any of the parameters used to characterise tolerance and resistance of inoculated plants in Ganoderma tolerance. The present result indicates that the lignin content of healthy control seedlings planted without Ganoderma inoculation is not a dependable parameter to characterise the tolerance of a progeny towards Ganoderma. Keywords: Ganoderma disease, root lignocellulosic content, correlation.
{"title":"STUDY ON EARLY SCREENING OF GANODERMA DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY/TOLERANCE IN PRE-NURSERY POT-TRAY SYSTEM - PART 2 (RELATIONSHIP OF SCREENED OIL PALM PROGENY TOWARDS GANODERMA TOLERANCE AND LIGNOCELLULOSIC CONTENT)","authors":"S. Siew, R. Lim, T. Chew, G. Hagilaa, S. Ng, J. Mathews","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.022","url":null,"abstract":"Screening of Ganoderma disease tolerant oil palm progenies may provide a practical solution towards basal stem rot, a major disease affecting the oil palm industries of Malaysia and Indonesia. Through the method developed in an earlier paper (part 1), Ganoderma tolerant oil palm planting material was successfully identified among different oil palm progenies through pre-nursery pot-tray system. In this study, reported in the present paper (part 2), the root lignocellulosic content of 35-week-old control seedlings from 19 progenies tested in the earlier paper (part 1) were determined. Based on the results, the summation of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents had a significant correlation (p < 0.05) with average days from first symptom to confirmed death (DTD) whereas cellulose was seen to be weakly correlated with average days from inoculation to first symptom (DTFS) at p-value < 0.10. However, lignin content in roots were not significantly correlated with any of the parameters used to characterise tolerance and resistance of inoculated plants in Ganoderma tolerance. The present result indicates that the lignin content of healthy control seedlings planted without Ganoderma inoculation is not a dependable parameter to characterise the tolerance of a progeny towards Ganoderma. Keywords: Ganoderma disease, root lignocellulosic content, correlation.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79871101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During a recent large outbreak of bagworms, Metisa plana, aerial photographs taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) some green spots of almost non-damaged palm canopy were discovered amongst the thousands of badly damaged palms. With assistance from the plantation personnel, infield checking was carried out on two green spots. Small feeding holes were observed on some fronds. The presence of nests of red weaver ants indicated their deterring impact on bagworm infestation. In other words, good effective natural control of M. plana was due to predation by weaver ants. Habitat manipulation and specific measures are required to enhance red weaver ant population (indicated by nests) and the nest distribution to all palms are important for both natural and biological control. Consideration is needed to deal with the negative aspects of having red weaver ants on harvesters and oil palm in order to harmonise the implementation of biological control. Keywords: Oil palm, bagworm infestation, natural control, red weaver ants.
{"title":"BAGWORM INFESTATION AND NATURAL CONTROL BY RED WEAVER ANTS, OECOPHYLLA SMARAGDINA","authors":"G. F. Chung","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.021","url":null,"abstract":"During a recent large outbreak of bagworms, Metisa plana, aerial photographs taken by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) some green spots of almost non-damaged palm canopy were discovered amongst the thousands of badly damaged palms. With assistance from the plantation personnel, infield checking was carried out on two green spots. Small feeding holes were observed on some fronds. The presence of nests of red weaver ants indicated their deterring impact on bagworm infestation. In other words, good effective natural control of M. plana was due to predation by weaver ants. Habitat manipulation and specific measures are required to enhance red weaver ant population (indicated by nests) and the nest distribution to all palms are important for both natural and biological control. Consideration is needed to deal with the negative aspects of having red weaver ants on harvesters and oil palm in order to harmonise the implementation of biological control. Keywords: Oil palm, bagworm infestation, natural control, red weaver ants.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"2 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88014945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This short paper analyses the performance of two AVROS descendants of BM119 oil palm. Two progeny testing DxP trials using pisifera descendant of BM119 from PORIM Kluang (PK754) and Ulu Dusun (UD33) laid out in 2009 in similar soil and adjacent to each other had performed differently for fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production and oil in the bunch (OB). Progenies of AVROS of PK754 crossed with Deli dura yielded significantly high FFB. However, UD33 yielded significantly higher OB when compared to PK754. There is a quadratic expression for families of progenies showing high FFB production, but relatively low OB and reverse was the situation for families exhibiting low FFB production and high OB. However, the mean total oil (kg) per palm per year in DxP crossed with both pisifera progenies were not significantly different. This indicates that some of the AVROS selected could have high FFB production, while others were high for OB. Somehow, the high FFB compensates the low OB in total oil production and vice versa in the two AVROS pisiferas studied. Keywords: Oil palm breeding, BM119, AVROS, pisifera.
{"title":"RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRESH FRUIT BUNCH PRODUCTION AND OIL IN THE BUNCH OF TWO DESCENDANTS OF BM119 AVROS FROM IOI PISIFERA BREEDING PROGRAMME","authors":"M. J., NG S K, C. T D, G. H L","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.019","url":null,"abstract":"This short paper analyses the performance of two AVROS descendants of BM119 oil palm. Two progeny testing DxP trials using pisifera descendant of BM119 from PORIM Kluang (PK754) and Ulu Dusun (UD33) laid out in 2009 in similar soil and adjacent to each other had performed differently for fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production and oil in the bunch (OB). Progenies of AVROS of PK754 crossed with Deli dura yielded significantly high FFB. However, UD33 yielded significantly higher OB when compared to PK754. There is a quadratic expression for families of progenies showing high FFB production, but relatively low OB and reverse was the situation for families exhibiting low FFB production and high OB. However, the mean total oil (kg) per palm per year in DxP crossed with both pisifera progenies were not significantly different. This indicates that some of the AVROS selected could have high FFB production, while others were high for OB. Somehow, the high FFB compensates the low OB in total oil production and vice versa in the two AVROS pisiferas studied. Keywords: Oil palm breeding, BM119, AVROS, pisifera.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81842502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Good management in oil palm plantations can certainly produce high yields. An attack of pests such as bagworms will cause a decrease in the yield. The phenomenon of pest attacks on oil palm plantings has been given special attention by the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB). The MPOB has established a systematic census system and integrated control method of bagworm through Quad pheromone traps. The objective of this study is to explore the procedures for using and installing Quad pheromone traps in the field. In addition to being environmentally friendly and easy to use by oil palm growers, this method is seen to be cheaper and effective in controlling attack by bagworms for a long period of time. Other than that, technological knowledge in dealing with the issue of oil palm pest attacks, especially the bagworm, needs to be practiced by all parties so that it does not affect the income of smallholders. The use of this technology can certainly help smallholders overcome difficulties if there is a drop in the price of palm oil. Keywords: Bagworm, integrated pest management, independent smallholders, bagworm census, Quad pheromone traps.
{"title":"METISA PLANA: DANGEROUS PEST OF OIL PALM AND ITS MITIGATION BY TRAPPING OF MALE MOTHS USING QUAD PHEROMONE TRAPS","authors":"Khairul Anwar Mohd Nor","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.020","url":null,"abstract":"Good management in oil palm plantations can certainly produce high yields. An attack of pests such as bagworms will cause a decrease in the yield. The phenomenon of pest attacks on oil palm plantings has been given special attention by the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB). The MPOB has established a systematic census system and integrated control method of bagworm through Quad pheromone traps. The objective of this study is to explore the procedures for using and installing Quad pheromone traps in the field. In addition to being environmentally friendly and easy to use by oil palm growers, this method is seen to be cheaper and effective in controlling attack by bagworms for a long period of time. Other than that, technological knowledge in dealing with the issue of oil palm pest attacks, especially the bagworm, needs to be practiced by all parties so that it does not affect the income of smallholders. The use of this technology can certainly help smallholders overcome difficulties if there is a drop in the price of palm oil. Keywords: Bagworm, integrated pest management, independent smallholders, bagworm census, Quad pheromone traps.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81676794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RR Lim, S. Siew, G. Hagilaa, SK Ng, TD Chew, J. Mathews
This paper presents a methodology for early screening of Ganoderma disease susceptibility/tolerance in pre-nursery pot-tray system. The controllable parameters for the screening method were tested in the experiment to optimise the data collected and standardise the methodology prior to broadening the scale of testing. Evaluation of the disease was based on external symptoms and included destructive sampling to assess internal symptoms at the end of the trial. From the initial experiment, the effect of the rubberwood block (RWB) inoculum size was considered to be not significant in relation to the pot-tray size and the estimated medium inoculum size of 4.5 x 3 x 3 cm was selected. Subsequently, during the second experiment, through differentiation of resistance and tolerance as distinctly separate traits, the screening method was able to distinguish highly susceptible and less susceptible progenies. Overall, the pot-tray screening method seems adequate in allowing breeders and researchers to characterise the planting material’s response towards Ganoderma infection. Keywords: Ganoderma disease, basal stem rot, early screening, pre-nursery, pot-tray
本文提出了一种苗前盆栽系统灵芝病易感/耐受性早期筛查方法。在实验中对筛选方法的可控参数进行了测试，以便在扩大测试规模之前优化收集的数据并标准化方法。疾病的评估以外部症状为基础，包括在试验结束时进行破坏性取样以评估内部症状。从最初的实验来看，橡胶木块(RWB)接种量对锅盘尺寸的影响不显著，并选择估计的培养基接种量为4.5 x 3 x 3 cm。随后，在第二次试验中，通过将抗性和耐受性区分为明显独立的性状，筛选方法能够区分高易感和低易感后代。总的来说，盆盘筛选方法似乎足以让育种者和研究人员描述种植材料对灵芝感染的反应。关键词:灵芝病;根茎腐病;早期筛选
{"title":"Study on Early Screening of Ganoderma Disease Susceptibility/Tolerance in Pre-nursery Pot-tray System - Part 1","authors":"RR Lim, S. Siew, G. Hagilaa, SK Ng, TD Chew, J. Mathews","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.018","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology for early screening of Ganoderma disease susceptibility/tolerance in pre-nursery pot-tray system. The controllable parameters for the screening method were tested in the experiment to optimise the data collected and standardise the methodology prior to broadening the scale of testing. Evaluation of the disease was based on external symptoms and included destructive sampling to assess internal symptoms at the end of the trial. From the initial experiment, the effect of the rubberwood block (RWB) inoculum size was considered to be not significant in relation to the pot-tray size and the estimated medium inoculum size of 4.5 x 3 x 3 cm was selected. Subsequently, during the second experiment, through differentiation of resistance and tolerance as distinctly separate traits, the screening method was able to distinguish highly susceptible and less susceptible progenies. Overall, the pot-tray screening method seems adequate in allowing breeders and researchers to characterise the planting material’s response towards Ganoderma infection. Keywords: Ganoderma disease, basal stem rot, early screening, pre-nursery, pot-tray","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"276 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73229246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inbreeding programmes of dura progenies selected from the Oil Palm Genetic Laboratory (OPGL) or the Breeding Programme of Restricted Origin (BPRO) gave rise to the presence of a varying degree of rudimentary pollen-producing male flowers on female inflorescence in descendants of PKg 118 in the third cycle of the Limited Breeding Programme (LBP). Meanwhile, in another instance, the progenies of the third cycle of LBP dura D24 of OPGL or BPRO, showed bending of fronds. Both characteristics observed in the progenies were positively correlated to the cumulative inbreeding coefficient (F) of third cycle of the improvement programme and could possibly be attributed to the expressions of inbreeding depression. The mean fresh fruit bunch produced per palm per year, and mean bunch weight in PKg 118 were negatively correlated to “F” as compared to progenies of hybrid crosses of dura and pisifera, while in progenies of dura D24 the low bunch weight due to the effect of low fruit to bunch was reflected by low kernel to bunch ratio. This indicated that the progenies were unable to undergo complete natural pollination and fertilisation. The inability to pollinate in D24 inbred progenies could be a sign of inbreeding depression, as the palms were planted in an environment suitable for natural pollination by weevils. The oil in wet mesocarp of both progenies was positively correlated, although the D24 material showed significantly higher oil in mesocarp. The progenies of dura from both programmes showed negative correlation of bunch number against inbreeding coefficient, however, the relationship was not statistically significant. Keywords: Inbreeding in oil palm, inbreeding depression, pedigree.
{"title":"INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN IOI DELI DURA INBRED POPULATION","authors":"M. J., NG S K, C. T D, K. K W, G. H L","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.017","url":null,"abstract":"Inbreeding programmes of dura progenies selected from the Oil Palm Genetic Laboratory (OPGL) or the Breeding Programme of Restricted Origin (BPRO) gave rise to the presence of a varying degree of rudimentary pollen-producing male flowers on female inflorescence in descendants of PKg 118 in the third cycle of the Limited Breeding Programme (LBP). Meanwhile, in another instance, the progenies of the third cycle of LBP dura D24 of OPGL or BPRO, showed bending of fronds. Both characteristics observed in the progenies were positively correlated to the cumulative inbreeding coefficient (F) of third cycle of the improvement programme and could possibly be attributed to the expressions of inbreeding depression. The mean fresh fruit bunch produced per palm per year, and mean bunch weight in PKg 118 were negatively correlated to “F” as compared to progenies of hybrid crosses of dura and pisifera, while in progenies of dura D24 the low bunch weight due to the effect of low fruit to bunch was reflected by low kernel to bunch ratio. This indicated that the progenies were unable to undergo complete natural pollination and fertilisation. The inability to pollinate in D24 inbred progenies could be a sign of inbreeding depression, as the palms were planted in an environment suitable for natural pollination by weevils. The oil in wet mesocarp of both progenies was positively correlated, although the D24 material showed significantly higher oil in mesocarp. The progenies of dura from both programmes showed negative correlation of bunch number against inbreeding coefficient, however, the relationship was not statistically significant. Keywords: Inbreeding in oil palm, inbreeding depression, pedigree.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85517610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Mohd Faizal SYED ALI, Muhammad Syafiq MOHD ZALUDIN, Muhammad SYAFA’AT Zabidi, J. Nasir, Mohd Shazwan Naning, Hasber Salim
A study was conducted to determine the feeding preference of the bagworm, Metisa plana on different palm species in no-choice and choice feeding tests. In the laboratory study, the larvae of bagworm, M. plana were fed with leaves of four palm species namely oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), coconut (Cocos nucifera), red sealing wax palm (Cyrtostachys renda) and salak (Salacca zalacca). In the no-choice feeding test, the bagworms were fed with leaves of each selected palm species and in the choice feeding test, the M. plana were fed in pairs with leaves of E. guineensis as a constant diet and each of C. nucifera, C. renda and S. zalacca respectively. Furthermore, the feeding preference of bagworms on E. guineensis and C. nucifera leaves was evaluated in a semi-field trial. The result of the laboratory study showed that C. nucifera was the most preferred host plant followed by E. guineensis, C. renda and S. zalacca. The M. plana fed with C. nucifera leaves recorded 28.83 cm2 and 22.01cm2 of total leaflet area consumed in the no-choice feeding test and choice feeding test respectively. The bagworms feeding on leaves of C. nucifera showed 33.33 per cent survival rate and were observed to have the fastest larval development and transformation to pupal stage. The leaves of C. nucifera were preferred over E. guineensis despite the latter being the observed host plant of this bagworm species. In no-choice assessments, the M. plana fed with E. guineensis leaves recorded a total leaf area consumption at 26.89 cm2 and showed only a 13.33 per cent survival rate. C. renda and S. zalacca leaves were recorded as the least preferred host plant and recorded a low leaf area consumption at 14.67cm2 and 11.40 cm2 in no-choice feeding and 1.29 cm2 and 5.05 cm2 in choice feeding respectively. The M. plana that were fed with the two respective palms did not survive to the pupal stage. In the semi-field study, similar results were obtained as C. nucifera was recorded as the more preferred host plant by the bagworm as compared to E. guineensis. The cumulative damage on the leaves of the palms was recorded at 29.37 per cent for C. nucifera and 13.13 per cent for E. guineensis. In the choice feeding test, the bagworms fed with leaves of C. nucifera recorded 12.71 per cent and that of E. guineensis at 8.19 per cent of cumulative damage. The percentage of survival rate of bagworms that were fed with C. nucifera leaves was recorded to be significantly higher (P<0.05) at 18.75 ± 2.16 per cent as compared to E. guineensis that recorded only 9.50 ± 1.53 per cent. Keywords: Bagworm, Metisa plana, feeding preference, oil palm, coconut, red sealing wax palm, salak palm.
{"title":"FEEDING PREFERENCE OF BAGWORM, METISA PLANA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA: PSYCHIDAE) ON FOUR DIFFERENT PALM SPECIES","authors":"Syed Mohd Faizal SYED ALI, Muhammad Syafiq MOHD ZALUDIN, Muhammad SYAFA’AT Zabidi, J. Nasir, Mohd Shazwan Naning, Hasber Salim","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.016","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to determine the feeding preference of the bagworm, Metisa plana on different palm species in no-choice and choice feeding tests. In the laboratory study, the larvae of bagworm, M. plana were fed with leaves of four palm species namely oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), coconut (Cocos nucifera), red sealing wax palm (Cyrtostachys renda) and salak (Salacca zalacca). In the no-choice feeding test, the bagworms were fed with leaves of each selected palm species and in the choice feeding test, the M. plana were fed in pairs with leaves of E. guineensis as a constant diet and each of C. nucifera, C. renda and S. zalacca respectively. Furthermore, the feeding preference of bagworms on E. guineensis and C. nucifera leaves was evaluated in a semi-field trial. The result of the laboratory study showed that C. nucifera was the most preferred host plant followed by E. guineensis, C. renda and S. zalacca. The M. plana fed with C. nucifera leaves recorded 28.83 cm2 and 22.01cm2 of total leaflet area consumed in the no-choice feeding test and choice feeding test respectively. The bagworms feeding on leaves of C. nucifera showed 33.33 per cent survival rate and were observed to have the fastest larval development and transformation to pupal stage. The leaves of C. nucifera were preferred over E. guineensis despite the latter being the observed host plant of this bagworm species. In no-choice assessments, the M. plana fed with E. guineensis leaves recorded a total leaf area consumption at 26.89 cm2 and showed only a 13.33 per cent survival rate. C. renda and S. zalacca leaves were recorded as the least preferred host plant and recorded a low leaf area consumption at 14.67cm2 and 11.40 cm2 in no-choice feeding and 1.29 cm2 and 5.05 cm2 in choice feeding respectively. The M. plana that were fed with the two respective palms did not survive to the pupal stage. In the semi-field study, similar results were obtained as C. nucifera was recorded as the more preferred host plant by the bagworm as compared to E. guineensis. The cumulative damage on the leaves of the palms was recorded at 29.37 per cent for C. nucifera and 13.13 per cent for E. guineensis. In the choice feeding test, the bagworms fed with leaves of C. nucifera recorded 12.71 per cent and that of E. guineensis at 8.19 per cent of cumulative damage. The percentage of survival rate of bagworms that were fed with C. nucifera leaves was recorded to be significantly higher (P<0.05) at 18.75 ± 2.16 per cent as compared to E. guineensis that recorded only 9.50 ± 1.53 per cent. Keywords: Bagworm, Metisa plana, feeding preference, oil palm, coconut, red sealing wax palm, salak palm.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75590273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Syafiq Yaakob, R. Ishak, Abd Rahman Tajuddin, Erwan Syah Tugiman, Choon Chek Tan, Zul Hasymi SAADUL KURZI
Oil palm waste (mill effluent and empty fruit bunches) utilisation has become the main alternative for the oil palm industry due to its great potential to be converted into compost, as a nutrient source for palm growth and reduce dependency on costly inorganic fertilisers. Quality compost should be fortified with inorganic fertiliser to provide optimum nutrient supply for vigorous plant growth. Production of slowrelease organic fertiliser by the adoption of polymer coating agglomeration technology with fortified organic fertiliser has a positive impact on nutrient release while reducing fertiliser application frequency. This paper explains the outcome of field research to evaluate the effectiveness of slow release organic fertiliser (SROF) in comparison to conventional inorganic fertilisers for seedling growth and labour reduction. Seedlings treated with SROF fertiliser recorded 8.6 per cent higher seedling height, 6.5 per cent increase in frond length and 7.5 per cent higher plant dry weight compared to the standard NPK treatment (control). SROF treatment contributed to 38-70 per cent labour cost savings as it requires only two manuring rounds within eight months in the main nursery stage, thus enhancing labour efficiency. SROF application showed a positive impact in the retention of optimum chlorophyll index of seedlings up to 15 months of palm age. Keywords: Slow release organic fertiliser, polymer coating technology, labour cost saving, oil palm waste recycling.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF SLOW RELEASE ORGANIC FERTILISER IN OIL PALM SEEDLING GROWTH","authors":"Mohd Syafiq Yaakob, R. Ishak, Abd Rahman Tajuddin, Erwan Syah Tugiman, Choon Chek Tan, Zul Hasymi SAADUL KURZI","doi":"10.56333/tp.2022.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2022.015","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm waste (mill effluent and empty fruit bunches) utilisation has become the main alternative for the oil palm industry due to its great potential to be converted into compost, as a nutrient source for palm growth and reduce dependency on costly inorganic fertilisers. Quality compost should be fortified with inorganic fertiliser to provide optimum nutrient supply for vigorous plant growth. Production of slowrelease organic fertiliser by the adoption of polymer coating agglomeration technology with fortified organic fertiliser has a positive impact on nutrient release while reducing fertiliser application frequency. This paper explains the outcome of field research to evaluate the effectiveness of slow release organic fertiliser (SROF) in comparison to conventional inorganic fertilisers for seedling growth and labour reduction. Seedlings treated with SROF fertiliser recorded 8.6 per cent higher seedling height, 6.5 per cent increase in frond length and 7.5 per cent higher plant dry weight compared to the standard NPK treatment (control). SROF treatment contributed to 38-70 per cent labour cost savings as it requires only two manuring rounds within eight months in the main nursery stage, thus enhancing labour efficiency. SROF application showed a positive impact in the retention of optimum chlorophyll index of seedlings up to 15 months of palm age. Keywords: Slow release organic fertiliser, polymer coating technology, labour cost saving, oil palm waste recycling.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90576209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MOHD SYAFIQ YAAKOB, ROMZI ISHAK, ABD RAHMAN TAJUDDIN, ERWAN SYAH TUGIMAN, CHOON CHEK TAN, ZUL HASYMI SAADUL KURZI, SYED OMAR SYED RASTAN
Oil palm waste (mill effluent and empty fruit bunches) utilisation has become the main alternative for the oil palm industry due to its great potential to be converted into compost, as a nutrient source for palm growth and reduce dependency on costly inorganic fertilisers. Quality compost should be fortified with inorganic fertiliser to provide optimum nutrient supply for vigorous plant growth. Production of slow release organic fertiliser by the adoption of polymer coating agglomeration technology with fortified organic fertiliser has a positive impact on nutrient release while reducing fertiliser application frequency. This paper explains the outcome of field research to evaluate the effectiveness of slow release organic fertiliser (SROF) in comparison to conventional inorganic fertilisers for seedling growth and labour reduction. Seedlings treated with SROF fertiliser recorded 8.6 per cent higher seedling height, 6.5 per cent increase in frond length and 7.5 per cent higher plant dry weight compared to the standard NPK treatment (control). SROF treatment contributed to 38-70 per cent labour cost savings as it requires only two manuring rounds within eight months in the main nursery stage, thus enhancing labour efficiency. SROF application showed a positive impact in the retention of optimum chlorophyll index of seedlings up to 15 months of palm age. Keywords: Slow release organic fertiliser, polymer coating technology, labour cost saving, oil palm waste recycling.
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF SLOW RELEASE ORGANIC FERTILISER IN OIL PALM SEEDLING GROWTH","authors":"MOHD SYAFIQ YAAKOB, ROMZI ISHAK, ABD RAHMAN TAJUDDIN, ERWAN SYAH TUGIMAN, CHOON CHEK TAN, ZUL HASYMI SAADUL KURZI, SYED OMAR SYED RASTAN","doi":"10.56333/tp.2023.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56333/tp.2023.015","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm waste (mill effluent and empty fruit bunches) utilisation has become the main alternative for the oil palm industry due to its great potential to be converted into compost, as a nutrient source for palm growth and reduce dependency on costly inorganic fertilisers. Quality compost should be fortified with inorganic fertiliser to provide optimum nutrient supply for vigorous plant growth. Production of slow release organic fertiliser by the adoption of polymer coating agglomeration technology with fortified organic fertiliser has a positive impact on nutrient release while reducing fertiliser application frequency. This paper explains the outcome of field research to evaluate the effectiveness of slow release organic fertiliser (SROF) in comparison to conventional inorganic fertilisers for seedling growth and labour reduction. Seedlings treated with SROF fertiliser recorded 8.6 per cent higher seedling height, 6.5 per cent increase in frond length and 7.5 per cent higher plant dry weight compared to the standard NPK treatment (control). SROF treatment contributed to 38-70 per cent labour cost savings as it requires only two manuring rounds within eight months in the main nursery stage, thus enhancing labour efficiency. SROF application showed a positive impact in the retention of optimum chlorophyll index of seedlings up to 15 months of palm age. Keywords: Slow release organic fertiliser, polymer coating technology, labour cost saving, oil palm waste recycling.","PeriodicalId":22956,"journal":{"name":"The Planter","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136176821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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