Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with various morphological features, clinicopathological conditions and responses to different therapeutic options, which is responsible for high mortality and morbidity in women. The heterogeneity of BC necessitates new strategies for diagnosis and treatment, which is possible only by cautious harmonization of the advanced nanomaterials. Recent developments in vesicular nanocarrier therapy indicate a paradigm shift in breast cancer treatment by providing an integrated approach to address current issues. This review provides a detailed classification of various nanovesicles in the treatment of BC with a special emphasis on recent advances, challenges in translating nanomaterials and future potentials.
{"title":"Exploring contemporary breakthroughs in utilizing vesicular nanocarriers for breast cancer therapy.","authors":"Nalla Usha Kumari, Ekta Pardhi, Padakanti Sandeep Chary, Neelesh Kumar Mehra","doi":"10.4155/tde-2023-0092","DOIUrl":"10.4155/tde-2023-0092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with various morphological features, clinicopathological conditions and responses to different therapeutic options, which is responsible for high mortality and morbidity in women. The heterogeneity of BC necessitates new strategies for diagnosis and treatment, which is possible only by cautious harmonization of the advanced nanomaterials. Recent developments in vesicular nanocarrier therapy indicate a paradigm shift in breast cancer treatment by providing an integrated approach to address current issues. This review provides a detailed classification of various nanovesicles in the treatment of BC with a special emphasis on recent advances, challenges in translating nanomaterials and future potentials.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"279-303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139906512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-02-29DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0101
Rachana Pockle, Rajashree Masareddy, Vijay Bambulkar, Rishabh Desai, Sai Kiran
Purpose: To explore 'magnesium myristate' for its dual functionality as a lubricant and binder in the formulation of tablets. Methods: Using (DoE), tablet formulations using magnesium myristate and conventional excipients (magnesium stearate and PVP K30) were developed by wet granulation technique. The prepared granules and formulated tablets were evaluated for pre- and post-compression parameters, respectively. Results: Magnesium myristate exhibited excellent flow properties. The optimized formulations containing magnesium myristate exhibited increased hardness and in vitro drug release in comparison to conventional excipients. f2 similarity index for in vitro drug release showed no significant variations with optimized formulations and with the marketed formulations. Conclusion: Magnesium myristate shows a promising replacement for conventional excipients as both a lubricant and binder in tablet formulation.
{"title":"Exploring magnesium myristate for its dual functionality as a binder and lubricant in the formulation of tablet.","authors":"Rachana Pockle, Rajashree Masareddy, Vijay Bambulkar, Rishabh Desai, Sai Kiran","doi":"10.4155/tde-2023-0101","DOIUrl":"10.4155/tde-2023-0101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> To explore 'magnesium myristate' for its dual functionality as a lubricant and binder in the formulation of tablets. <b>Methods:</b> Using (DoE), tablet formulations using magnesium myristate and conventional excipients (magnesium stearate and PVP K30) were developed by wet granulation technique. The prepared granules and formulated tablets were evaluated for pre- and post-compression parameters, respectively. <b>Results:</b> Magnesium myristate exhibited excellent flow properties. The optimized formulations containing magnesium myristate exhibited increased hardness and <i>in vitro</i> drug release in comparison to conventional excipients. <i>f</i><sub>2</sub> similarity index for <i>in vitro</i> drug release showed no significant variations with optimized formulations and with the marketed formulations. <b>Conclusion:</b> Magnesium myristate shows a promising replacement for conventional excipients as both a lubricant and binder in tablet formulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"253-266"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139991265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-03-07DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0140
Ahmed Munef, Zainab Lafi, Naeem Shalan
Background: Thymoquinone (TQ) and vitamin C (Vit C) have demonstrated individual anticancer effects in various studies. TQ exhibits inhibitory properties against tumor growth, induces apoptosis, while Vit C protects against DNA damage and oxidative stress. Aim: Formulation of TQ and Vit C combination into liposomes using two methods and investigate the synergistic anticancer. Method: Liposomal preparations were characterized, and the purity of drug components was confirmed using encapsulation efficiency (EE %). Results:In vitro cell viability studies demonstrated the inhibitory effect of TQ and Vit C against colorectal (HT29, 5.5 ± 0.9 μM) and lung cancer (A549, 6.25 ± 0.9 μM) cell lines with combination index <1. Conclusion: The formulation of TQ and Vit C displayed synergistic anticancer activity.
背景:在多项研究中,胸腺醌(TQ)和维生素 C(Vit C)都显示出各自的抗癌作用。胸腺醌具有抑制肿瘤生长、诱导细胞凋亡的作用,而维生素 C 则能防止 DNA 损伤和氧化应激。目的:用两种方法将 TQ 和维生素 C 组合配制成脂质体,并研究其协同抗癌作用。方法:对脂质体制剂进行表征:对脂质体制剂进行表征,并用包封效率(EE %)确认药物成分的纯度。结果体外细胞活力研究表明,TQ 和维生素 C 对结直肠癌细胞株(HT29,5.5 ± 0.9 μM)和肺癌细胞株(A549,6.25 ± 0.9 μM)具有抑制作用,且具有联合指数:TQ和维生素C制剂具有协同抗癌活性。
{"title":"Investigating anti-cancer activity of dual-loaded liposomes with thymoquinone and vitamin C.","authors":"Ahmed Munef, Zainab Lafi, Naeem Shalan","doi":"10.4155/tde-2023-0140","DOIUrl":"10.4155/tde-2023-0140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Thymoquinone (TQ) and vitamin C (Vit C) have demonstrated individual anticancer effects in various studies. TQ exhibits inhibitory properties against tumor growth, induces apoptosis, while Vit C protects against DNA damage and oxidative stress. <b>Aim:</b> Formulation of TQ and Vit C combination into liposomes using two methods and investigate the synergistic anticancer. <b>Method:</b> Liposomal preparations were characterized, and the purity of drug components was confirmed using encapsulation efficiency (EE %). <b>Results:</b> <i>In vitro</i> cell viability studies demonstrated the inhibitory effect of TQ and Vit C against colorectal (HT29, 5.5 ± 0.9 μM) and lung cancer (A549, 6.25 ± 0.9 μM) cell lines with combination index <1. <b>Conclusion:</b> The formulation of TQ and Vit C displayed synergistic anticancer activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"267-278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-03-12DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0099
Susbin Raj Wagle, Bozica Kovacevic, Corina Mihaela Ionescu, Thomas Foster, Melissa Jones, Momir Mikov, Andrew Wise, Armin Mooranian, Hani Al-Salami
Aim: Excessive free radicals contribute to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The antioxidant probucol holds promise, but its limited bioavailability and inner ear barriers hinder effective SNHL treatment. Methodology: We addressed this by developing probucol-loaded nanoparticles with polymers and lithocholic acid and tested them on House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti cells. Results: Probucol-based nanoparticles effectively reduced oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, enhanced cellular viability, improved probucol uptake and promoted mitochondrial function. Additionally, they demonstrated the capacity to reduce reactive oxygen species through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. Conclusion: This innovative nanoparticle system holds the potential to prevent oxidative stress-related hearing impairment, providing an effective solution for SNHL.
{"title":"Probucol-bile acid based nanoparticles protect auditory cells from oxidative stress: an <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Susbin Raj Wagle, Bozica Kovacevic, Corina Mihaela Ionescu, Thomas Foster, Melissa Jones, Momir Mikov, Andrew Wise, Armin Mooranian, Hani Al-Salami","doi":"10.4155/tde-2023-0099","DOIUrl":"10.4155/tde-2023-0099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Excessive free radicals contribute to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). The antioxidant probucol holds promise, but its limited bioavailability and inner ear barriers hinder effective SNHL treatment. <b>Methodology:</b> We addressed this by developing probucol-loaded nanoparticles with polymers and lithocholic acid and tested them on House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti cells. <b>Results:</b> Probucol-based nanoparticles effectively reduced oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, enhanced cellular viability, improved probucol uptake and promoted mitochondrial function. Additionally, they demonstrated the capacity to reduce reactive oxygen species through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. <b>Conclusion:</b> This innovative nanoparticle system holds the potential to prevent oxidative stress-related hearing impairment, providing an effective solution for SNHL.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"237-252"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: Amide-linked amylose-based prodrugs were developed for colon-targeted release of mefenamic acid. Materials & methods: Activation of prodrug was studied spectrophotometrically, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay appraised cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition at different concentrations of the prodrug, the behavior of prodrug under physiological conditions was monitored by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Prodrug was poorly activated in the enzyme-free simulated gastric media and simulated intestinal media (SIM) but preincubation in pancreatin followed by treatment in aminopeptidase containing SIM led to a significant activation of prodrug. Conclusion: Amide-linked amylose-mefenamic acid conjugates showed a slow release in simulated gastric media and a controlled release in SIM with pancreatin playing an important role in drug release.
{"title":"Synthesis and evaluation of amylose-mefenamic acid conjugates as colon-targeting prodrugs.","authors":"Shraddha Chugh, Mousmee Sharma, Harish Mudila, Parteek Prasher","doi":"10.4155/tde-2023-0106","DOIUrl":"10.4155/tde-2023-0106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Amide-linked amylose-based prodrugs were developed for colon-targeted release of mefenamic acid. <b>Materials & methods:</b> Activation of prodrug was studied spectrophotometrically, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay appraised cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition at different concentrations of the prodrug, the behavior of prodrug under physiological conditions was monitored by scanning electron microscopy. <b>Results:</b> Prodrug was poorly activated in the enzyme-free simulated gastric media and simulated intestinal media (SIM) but preincubation in pancreatin followed by treatment in aminopeptidase containing SIM led to a significant activation of prodrug. <b>Conclusion:</b> Amide-linked amylose-mefenamic acid conjugates showed a slow release in simulated gastric media and a controlled release in SIM with pancreatin playing an important role in drug release.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11160442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140144070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hasan Al-Nasrawi, Naeem Shalan, Bassam M Abualsoud, Hamdi Nsairat
Aim: In this study, we prepared, characterized and in vitro evaluated a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded chitosan-acacia gum nanoparticles. Methods: Nanoparticles were characterized for their size, charge, morphology and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) followed by cellular investigations against HT-29 colon cancer cell line. Results: The nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphological size with 94.42% EE%. Free 5-FU showed a fast and fully cumulative release after 6 h while 5-FU loaded into CS-AG NPs showed good entrapment and slow, prolonged 5-FU release even after 24 h. Enhanced IC50 for the 5-FU loaded NPs compared with free 5-FU against HT-29 colon cancer cell line was reported with high selectivity compared with normal fibroblast cells. Conclusion: 5-FU loaded NPs is promising nano-therapy against colon cancer.
{"title":"Preparation, characterization and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation of 5-fluorouracil loaded into chitosan-acacia gum nanoparticles.","authors":"Hasan Al-Nasrawi, Naeem Shalan, Bassam M Abualsoud, Hamdi Nsairat","doi":"10.4155/tde-2023-0136","DOIUrl":"10.4155/tde-2023-0136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> In this study, we prepared, characterized and <i>in vitro</i> evaluated a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded chitosan-acacia gum nanoparticles. <b>Methods:</b> Nanoparticles were characterized for their size, charge, morphology and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) followed by cellular investigations against HT-29 colon cancer cell line. <b>Results:</b> The nanoparticles exhibited a spherical morphological size with 94.42% EE%. Free 5-FU showed a fast and fully cumulative release after 6 h while 5-FU loaded into CS-AG NPs showed good entrapment and slow, prolonged 5-FU release even after 24 h. Enhanced IC<sub>50</sub> for the 5-FU loaded NPs compared with free 5-FU against HT-29 colon cancer cell line was reported with high selectivity compared with normal fibroblast cells. <b>Conclusion:</b> 5-FU loaded NPs is promising nano-therapy against colon cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11160445/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luana Barbosa Correa, Natália Cristina Gomes-da-Silva, Clenilton Costa Dos Santos, Luciana Magalhães Rebelo Alencar, Maria das Graças Muller de Oliveira Henriques, Prapanna Bhattarai, Lin Zhu, Pedro Filho Noronha Souza, Elaine Cruz Rosas, Ralph Santos-Oliveira
Aim: This study explores chia oil, rich in ω-3 fatty acids and nutraceutical components, as a potential remedy for diseases, especially those linked to inflammation and cancer. Methods/materials: A chia oil-based nanoemulsion, developed through single emulsification, underwent comprehensive analysis using various techniques. In vitro and in vivo assays, including macrophage polarization, nitrite and cytokine production, cellular uptake and biodistribution, were conducted to assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy. Results & conclusion: Results reveal that the chia nanoemulsion significantly inhibits inflammation, outperforming pure oil with twice the efficacy. Enhanced uptake by macrophage-like cells and substantial accumulation in key organs indicate its potential as an economical and effective anti-inflammatory nanodrug, addressing global economic and health impacts of inflammation-related diseases.
{"title":"Chia nanoemulsion: anti-inflammatory mechanism, biological behavior and cellular interactions.","authors":"Luana Barbosa Correa, Natália Cristina Gomes-da-Silva, Clenilton Costa Dos Santos, Luciana Magalhães Rebelo Alencar, Maria das Graças Muller de Oliveira Henriques, Prapanna Bhattarai, Lin Zhu, Pedro Filho Noronha Souza, Elaine Cruz Rosas, Ralph Santos-Oliveira","doi":"10.4155/tde-2023-0088","DOIUrl":"10.4155/tde-2023-0088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> This study explores chia oil, rich in ω-3 fatty acids and nutraceutical components, as a potential remedy for diseases, especially those linked to inflammation and cancer. <b>Methods/materials:</b> A chia oil-based nanoemulsion, developed through single emulsification, underwent comprehensive analysis using various techniques. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> assays, including macrophage polarization, nitrite and cytokine production, cellular uptake and biodistribution, were conducted to assess the anti-inflammatory efficacy. <b>Results & conclusion:</b> Results reveal that the chia nanoemulsion significantly inhibits inflammation, outperforming pure oil with twice the efficacy. Enhanced uptake by macrophage-like cells and substantial accumulation in key organs indicate its potential as an economical and effective anti-inflammatory nanodrug, addressing global economic and health impacts of inflammation-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11157993/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140102488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-02-15DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0109
Rajni, Kamal Shah, Hitesh Kumar Dewangan
Aim: Optimization and evaluation of Aceclofenac nanoemulgel for treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and reduction of GI irritation and enhancement of bioavaibility. Materials & methods: Different batches of emulgel and selected batch was proceeded for characterization like particle size, scanning electron microscopy, drug ingredient, in vitro release, Fourier transform infrared and x-ray diffraction in vitro inflammation and gel evaluation such as (spreadability, swelling index), ex vitro permeation, skin irritation and in vivo anti-inflammatory. Result: Emulgel showed nanometri size sustained release (79.96% in 6 h), compatibility and anti-inflammatory activity compared with pure drug. Concluded that emulgels had better (nearly twice as good) anti-inflammatory action as the commercial product. Conclusion: Compared with the commercial gel, the emulgel's anti-inflammatory effect had a quicker onset and a longer duration of action.
目的:优化和评估用于治疗类风湿性关节炎的醋氯芬酸纳米凝胶,减少对胃肠道的刺激并提高其生物可溶性。材料与方法:对不同批次的凝胶进行表征,如粒度、扫描电子显微镜、药物成分、体外释放、傅立叶变换红外线和 X 射线衍射、体外炎症和凝胶评估,如(铺展性、膨胀指数)、体外渗透、皮肤刺激性和体内抗炎性。结果与纯药物相比,凝胶显示出纳米级的持续释放(6 小时内释放 79.96%)、相容性和抗炎活性。结论是,乳凝胶的抗炎作用比商用产品更好(几乎是后者的两倍)。结论与市售凝胶相比,润肤凝胶的抗炎作用起效更快,持续时间更长。
{"title":"Delivery of nano-emulgel carrier: optimization, evaluation and <i>in vivo</i> anti-inflammation estimations for osteoarthritis.","authors":"Rajni, Kamal Shah, Hitesh Kumar Dewangan","doi":"10.4155/tde-2023-0109","DOIUrl":"10.4155/tde-2023-0109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Aim:</b> Optimization and evaluation of Aceclofenac nanoemulgel for treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and reduction of GI irritation and enhancement of bioavaibility. <b>Materials & methods:</b> Different batches of emulgel and selected batch was proceeded for characterization like particle size, scanning electron microscopy, drug ingredient, <i>in vitro</i> release, Fourier transform infrared and x-ray diffraction <i>in vitro</i> inflammation and gel evaluation such as (spreadability, swelling index), <i>ex vitro</i> permeation, skin irritation and <i>in vivo</i> anti-inflammatory. <b>Result:</b> Emulgel showed nanometri size sustained release (79.96% in 6 h), compatibility and anti-inflammatory activity compared with pure drug. Concluded that emulgels had better (nearly twice as good) anti-inflammatory action as the commercial product. <b>Conclusion:</b> Compared with the commercial gel, the emulgel's anti-inflammatory effect had a quicker onset and a longer duration of action.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"181-192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139736246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alopecia areata (AA) is a kind of alopecia that affects hair follicles and nails. It typically comes with round patches and is a type of nonscarring hair loss. Various therapies are accessible for the management and treatment of AA, including topical, systemic and injectable modalities. It is a very complex type of autoimmune disease and is identified as round patches of hair loss and may occur at any age. This review paper highlights the epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis and new treatment options for AA, with a specific emphasis on nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems. By exploring these innovative treatment approaches, researchers aim to enhance the effectiveness and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals living with AA.
斑秃(AA)是一种影响毛囊和指甲的脱发症。它通常伴有圆形斑块,是一种非瘢痕性脱发。有多种疗法可用于控制和治疗 AA,包括局部、全身和注射疗法。AA 是一种非常复杂的自身免疫性疾病,表现为圆形脱发斑,可发生于任何年龄。这篇综述论文重点介绍了 AA 的流行病学、临床特征、发病机制和新的治疗方案,特别强调了纳米颗粒给药系统。通过探索这些创新的治疗方法,研究人员旨在提高治疗药物的有效性和靶向性,最终改善 AA 患者的治疗效果。
{"title":"Alopecia areata: review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, current treatments and nanoparticulate delivery system.","authors":"Robel Singh, Pawan Kumar, Davinder Kumar, Navidha Aggarwal, Hitesh Chopra, Virender Kumar","doi":"10.4155/tde-2023-0071","DOIUrl":"10.4155/tde-2023-0071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alopecia areata (AA) is a kind of alopecia that affects hair follicles and nails. It typically comes with round patches and is a type of nonscarring hair loss. Various therapies are accessible for the management and treatment of AA, including topical, systemic and injectable modalities. It is a very complex type of autoimmune disease and is identified as round patches of hair loss and may occur at any age. This review paper highlights the epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis and new treatment options for AA, with a specific emphasis on nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems. By exploring these innovative treatment approaches, researchers aim to enhance the effectiveness and targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, ultimately improving outcomes for individuals living with AA.</p>","PeriodicalId":22959,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic delivery","volume":" ","pages":"193-210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}