The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry最新文献_第7页

Adjunctive sarcosine plus benzoate improved cognitive function in chronic schizophrenia patients with constant clinical symptoms: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial 辅助肌氨酸加苯甲酸酯改善慢性精神分裂症患者持续临床症状的认知功能:一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2017-07-04 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1117654

Chun‐Yuan Lin, Sun-Yuan Liang, Yue-Cune Chang, Shuo-Yen Ting, Ching-Ling Kao, Yu-Hsin Wu, G. Tsai, H. Lane

Abstract Objectives Hypofunction of NMDA receptor is implicated in the pathophysiology, particularly cognitive impairment, of schizophrenia. Sarcosine, a glycine transporter I (GlyT-1) inhibitor, and sodium benzoate, a d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitor, can both enhance NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission. We proposed simultaneously inhibiting DAAO and GlyT-1 may be more effective than inhibition of either in improving the cognitive and global functioning of schizophrenia patients. Methods This study compared add-on sarcosine (2 g/day) plus benzoate (1 g/day) vs. sarcosine (2 g/day) for the clinical symptoms, as well as the cognitive and global functioning, of chronic schizophrenia patients in a 12-week, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Participants were measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale every 3 weeks. Seven cognitive domains, recommended by the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia Committee, were measured at weeks 0 and 12. Results Adjunctive sarcosine plus benzoate, but not sarcosine alone, improved the cognitive and global functioning of patients with schizophrenia, even when their clinical symptoms had not improved. Conclusions This finding suggests N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-enhancement therapy can improve the cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia, further indicating this pro-cognitive effect can be primary without improvement in clinical symptoms.

摘要目的NMDA受体功能障碍与精神分裂症的病理生理，特别是认知障碍有关。甘氨酸转运蛋白I (GlyT-1)抑制剂肌氨酸和d-氨基酸氧化酶(DAAO)抑制剂苯甲酸钠都能增强NMDA受体介导的神经传递。我们提出同时抑制DAAO和GlyT-1可能比抑制其中任何一种更有效地改善精神分裂症患者的认知和整体功能。方法:在一项为期12周的双盲、随机、安慰剂对照试验中，比较了肌氨酸(2g /天)加苯甲酸酯(1g /天)与肌氨酸(2g /天)对慢性精神分裂症患者临床症状、认知和整体功能的影响。每3周用正、负综合征量表和整体功能评估量表对参与者进行测量。在第0周和第12周测量由改善精神分裂症认知的测量和治疗研究委员会推荐的七个认知领域。结果辅助肌氨酸加苯甲酸酯，而不是单独肌氨酸，改善了精神分裂症患者的认知和整体功能，即使他们的临床症状没有改善。结论n -甲基-d-天冬氨酸受体增强治疗可以改善精神分裂症患者的认知功能，进一步表明这种促进认知的作用可能是原发性的，而不会改善临床症状。

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引用次数: 79

Interaction between methylphenidate, methadone and different antidepressant drugs on antinociception in mice, and possible clinical implications 哌醋甲酯、美沙酮与不同抗抑郁药物对小鼠抗痛觉的相互作用及其可能的临床意义

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2017-05-19 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1086492

S. Schreiber, M. Bader, V. Rubovitch, C. Pick

Abstract Objectives: Methylphenidate (MPH), a psychostimulant used for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), is widely used by patients on antidepressants and methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Preclinical studies showed MPH to exert analgesic effects when given alone or with morphine. Methods: Using the hotplate assay on mice, we studied the interaction of acute doses of MPH with sub-threshold doses of methadone and different antidepressant medications and the interaction of increasing doses of MPH with chronic methadone. Results: Adding a sub-threshold dose of venlafaxine, desipramine or clomipramine to MPH produced significant augmentation of MPH antinociception with each medication (P < 0.05). No such interactions were found between escitalopram and acute methadone. However, addition of increasing doses of MPH to chronic methadone given for 2 weeks using ALZET osmotic mini pumps induced augmentation of the antinociceptive effect of chronic methadone exclusively at high dose of MPH (7.5 mg/kg). Conclusions: These findings may implicate the need of an excessive attention to the administration of MPH to MMT patients. The no interaction found between MPH and escitalopram may hint to the possibly safe co-administration of MPH and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to depressed ADHD patients. Further studies are needed in order to validate these possible clinical implications.

摘要目的:哌醋甲酯(MPH)是一种用于治疗注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的精神兴奋剂，被广泛用于抗抑郁药和美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)的患者。临床前研究表明，MPH单独或与吗啡联合使用均能发挥镇痛作用。方法:采用热板法，研究急性剂量美沙酮与亚阈值剂量美沙酮及不同抗抑郁药物的相互作用以及增加剂量美沙酮与慢性美沙酮的相互作用。结果:在MPH中添加亚阈剂量的文拉法辛、地西帕明和氯丙帕明均能显著增强MPH的抗痛感(P < 0.05)。在艾司西酞普兰和急性美沙酮之间没有发现这种相互作用。然而，在使用ALZET渗透性微型泵给药2周的慢性美沙酮的基础上加入增加剂量的MPH，仅在高剂量MPH (7.5 mg/kg)下，慢性美沙酮的抗伤害性作用增强。结论:这些发现可能意味着需要对MMT患者的MPH管理给予过度关注。MPH与艾司西酞普兰之间未发现相互作用，这可能提示MPH与选择性5 -羟色胺再摄取抑制剂(SSRIs)合用对抑郁症ADHD患者可能是安全的。为了验证这些可能的临床意义，需要进一步的研究。

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引用次数: 6

DAT1 methylation is associated with methylphenidate response on oppositional and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD DAT1甲基化与哌醋甲酯对儿童和青少年ADHD对立性和多动冲动症状的反应相关

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2017-05-19 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1224928

Kai-Jing Ding, Jianzhong Yang, G. Reynolds, Bing Chen, Jingru Shao, Rui-xiang Liu, Q. Qian, Hua Liu, Runxu Yang, J. Wen, Chuanyuan Kang

Abstract Objectives: To examine the association of the DNA methylation of DAT1 and DRD4 gene with methylphenidate (MPH) response in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: One hundred and eleven DSM-IV defined ADHD Chinese Han children were recruited. Inattention, hyperactivity–impulsivity and oppositional symptoms were evaluated by the Swanson, Nolan and Pelham–IV–parent rating scale (SNAP-IV-P) at baseline and 6 weeks after MPH treatment. DNA methylation of CpG sites in the promoter sequences of DAT1 and DRD4 was examined for association with treatment response. Results: Greater improvement on the SNAP-IV-P total score and percentage change from baseline score were both significantly correlated with DAT1 methylation (rho =−0.222, P = .019 and rho = −0.203, P = .032, respectively). A secondary analysis demonstrated that the effect of DAT1 methylation on symptom response was primarily related to the percentage change in oppositional symptoms (rho = −0.242; P = .012), with a smaller significant effect on hyperactivity–impulsivity (rho = −0.192; P = .045). No significant correlation was found between the treatment effect on inattention and DAT1 methylation (rho = −0.101; P = .292). No significant correlation was observed between mean DRD4 methylation and measures of treatment outcome or baseline symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings provide initial evidence for the involvement of the epigenetic alterations of DAT1 in modulating the response to MPH treatment in ADHD, primarily on oppositional and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.

目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患者DAT1和DRD4基因DNA甲基化与哌醋甲酯(MPH)反应的关系。方法:招募110名被DSM-IV定义为ADHD的汉族儿童。采用Swanson, Nolan和pelham - iv -父母评定量表(SNAP-IV-P)在基线和MPH治疗后6周对注意力不集中、多动-冲动和对立症状进行评估。研究了DAT1和DRD4启动子序列中CpG位点的DNA甲基化与治疗反应的关系。结果:SNAP-IV-P总分的较大改善和基线评分的百分比变化均与DAT1甲基化显著相关(rho = - 0.222, P =。019, rho = - 0.203, P =。032年,分别)。二次分析表明，DAT1甲基化对症状反应的影响主要与对立症状的百分比变化有关(rho = - 0.242;P = 0.012)，对多动冲动性的显著影响较小(rho = - 0.192;p = .045)。治疗注意力不集中的效果与DAT1甲基化之间无显著相关性(rho = - 0.101;p = .292)。未观察到平均DRD4甲基化与治疗结果或基线症状之间的显著相关性。结论:我们的研究结果为DAT1的表观遗传改变参与调节ADHD患者对MPH治疗的反应提供了初步证据，主要是在对立性和多动冲动症状上。

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引用次数: 42

Ethnic differences in COMT genetic effects on striatal grey matter alterations associated with childhood ADHD: A voxel-based morphometry study in a Japanese sample COMT基因对儿童ADHD相关纹状体灰质改变影响的种族差异:日本样本中基于体素的形态测量学研究

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2017-05-19 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1102325

Koji Shimada, T. Fujisawa, Shinichiro Takiguchi, Hiroaki Naruse, H. Kosaka, H. Okazawa, A. Tomoda

Abstract Objectives: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with deficits in the dopaminergic fronto-striatal systems mediating higher-level cognitive functions. We hypothesised that a dopamine-regulating gene, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), would have differential effects on the neural systems of different ethnic samples with ADHD. In Caucasian children with ADHD, the COMT Val-homozygotes have been previously shown to be associated with striatal grey matter volume (GMV) alterations. By using voxel-based morphometry, we examined whether Asian children with ADHD would exhibit a pattern opposite to that found in Caucasian samples. Methods: Structural brain images were obtained for Japanese children with ADHD (n = 17; mean age = 10.3 years) and typically developing (TD) children (n = 15; mean age = 12.8 years). COMT Val158Met genotype data were also obtained for the ADHD group. Results: Reduced GMV in the left striatum was observed in the ADHD group versus the TD group. This reduced GMV was modulated by COMT polymorphism; Met-carriers exhibited smaller striatal GMV than the Val/Val genotype. Conclusions: Contrasting with previous findings in Caucasians, the COMT Met allele was associated with striatal GMV alterations in Japanese children with ADHD. These results suggest the existence of ethnic differences in the COMT genetic effect on ADHD-related striatal abnormalities.

摘要目的:注意缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)与调节高级认知功能的多巴胺能额纹状体系统缺陷有关。我们假设一种多巴胺调节基因，儿茶酚- o -甲基转移酶(COMT)，对不同种族ADHD患者的神经系统有不同的影响。在患有多动症的高加索儿童中，COMT val纯合子先前已被证明与纹状体灰质体积(GMV)改变有关。通过使用基于体素的形态测定法，我们检查了患有ADHD的亚洲儿童是否会表现出与白人样本相反的模式。方法:对日本ADHD儿童(n = 17;平均年龄= 10.3岁)和典型发育(TD)儿童(n = 15;平均年龄12.8岁)。ADHD组也获得了COMT Val158Met基因型数据。结果:ADHD组与TD组相比，左侧纹状体GMV减少。这种降低的GMV是由COMT多态性调节的;met携带者纹状体GMV小于Val/Val基因型。结论:与之前在白种人中的发现相比，COMT Met等位基因与日本ADHD儿童纹状体GMV改变有关。这些结果表明，COMT基因对adhd相关纹状体异常的影响存在种族差异。

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引用次数: 14

Identification of 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor gene polymorphisms modulating hyperprolactinaemia in antipsychotic drug-treated patients with schizophrenia 抗精神病药物治疗的精神分裂症患者中调节高泌乳素血症的5-羟色胺受体基因多态性的鉴定

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2017-04-01 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1224926

S. Ivanova, D. Osmanova, M. Freidin, O. Fedorenko, A. Boiko, I. Pozhidaev, A. Semke, N. Bokhan, A. Agarkov, B. Wilffert, A. Loonen

Abstract Objectives: Hyperprolactinaemia (HPRL) is a classical side effect of antipsychotic drugs primarily attributed to blockade of dopamine D2 subtype receptors in the pituitary gland. Although dopamine is considered the primary factor inhibiting prolactin release, the activity of prolactin-producing lactotrophs is also regulated by the secretagogues thyrotrophin releasing hormone, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT). Methods: We describe the association between HPRL and a set of 29 SNPs from 5-HT receptor genes HTR1A, HTR1B, HTR2A, HTR2C, HTR3A, HTR3B and HTR6 in a population of 446 Caucasians (221 males/225 females) with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia (according to ICD-10: F20) who were treated with classical and/or atypical antipsychotic drugs. Results: None of the studied autosomal markers were found to be associated with HPRL. However, a significant association was established between various HTR2C polymorphisms and HPRL. Conclusions: This study revealed an association between HPRL and X-chromosome haplotypes comprised of the rs569959 and rs17326429 polymorphisms.

目的:高催乳素血症(HPRL)是抗精神病药物的典型副作用，主要归因于脑垂体多巴胺D2亚型受体的阻断。虽然多巴胺被认为是抑制催乳素释放的主要因素，但泌乳素产生乳营养物质的活性也受促甲状腺素释放激素、血管活性肠多肽和血清素(5-羟色胺;5)。方法:我们描述了446名临床诊断为精神分裂症(根据ICD-10: F20)并接受经典和/或非典型抗精神病药物治疗的白种人(221名男性/225名女性)中HPRL与5-羟色胺受体基因HTR1A、HTR1B、HTR2A、HTR2C、HTR3A、HTR3B和HTR6的29个snp之间的关系。结果:所研究的常染色体标记均未发现与HPRL相关。然而，各种HTR2C多态性与HPRL之间建立了显著的关联。结论:本研究揭示了HPRL与由rss569959和rs17326429多态性组成的x染色体单倍型之间的关联。

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引用次数: 28

Hepatic, lipid and genetic factors associated with obesity: crosstalk with alcohol dependence? 与肥胖相关的肝脏、脂质和遗传因素：酒精依赖的相声？

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2017-03-01 Epub Date: 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1249952

Kimberly Goodyear, Mary R Lee, Melanie L Schwandt, Colin A Hodgkinson, Lorenzo Leggio

Objectives: Alcohol dependence represents a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Understanding the variables that contribute to this diagnosis and its severity is critical. An overlap between factors that may predispose people to become obese and those that may increase the risk of alcohol dependence may exist. However, data in the literature are not conclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the association between alcohol dependence and obesity-related factors, including biochemical and genetic factors.

Methods: In a case-control study with 829 participants, factors involved with metabolism and obesity were assessed, including biochemical lipid and liver markers, and the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs8050136.

Results: Increased triglycerides, having one or two minor A alleles for rs8050136 and being a smoker were associated with increased risk of alcohol dependence, while increased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was associated with decreased risk. In addition, having abnormal gamma-glutamyl transferase and being female were factors associated with an increased severity of alcohol dependence.

Conclusions: Our preliminary findings suggest a link between alcohol dependence and obesity-related biochemical and genetic factors. Future studies are needed to better understand if these factors may play a predictive role and/or may act as biomarkers for treatment response.

目的：酒精依赖是导致死亡和发病的主要原因。了解导致这种诊断及其严重程度的变量至关重要。可能存在导致肥胖的因素和增加酒精依赖风险的因素之间的重叠。然而，文献中的数据并不是结论性的。因此，本研究旨在确定酒精依赖与肥胖相关因素之间的关系，包括生化和遗传因素。方法：在一项有829名参与者的病例对照研究中，评估了与代谢和肥胖相关的因素，包括生化脂质和肝脏标志物，以及脂肪质量和肥胖相关（FTO）单核苷酸多态性（SNP） rs8050136。结果：甘油三酯升高、有一个或两个rs8050136的小A等位基因以及吸烟与酒精依赖风险增加相关，而低密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高与风险降低相关。此外，γ -谷氨酰转移酶异常和女性是酒精依赖严重程度增加的相关因素。结论：我们的初步研究结果表明，酒精依赖与肥胖相关的生化和遗传因素之间存在联系。未来的研究需要更好地了解这些因素是否可能发挥预测作用和/或可能作为治疗反应的生物标志物。

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引用次数: 0

Guidelines for biological treatment of substance use and related disorders, part 1: Alcoholism, first revision. 物质使用和相关疾病的生物治疗指南，第1部分：酒精中毒，第一次修订。

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2017-03-01 Epub Date: 2016-12-23 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1246752

Michael Soyka, Henry R Kranzler, Victor Hesselbrock, Siegfried Kasper, Jochen Mutschler, Hans-Jürgen Möller

These practice guidelines for the biological treatment of alcohol use disorders are an update of the first edition, published in 2008, which was developed by an international Task Force of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP). For this 2016 revision, we performed a systematic review (MEDLINE/PUBMED database, Cochrane Library) of all available publications pertaining to the biological treatment of alcoholism and extracted data from national guidelines. The Task Force evaluated the identified literature with respect to the strength of evidence for the efficacy of each medication and subsequently categorised it into six levels of evidence (A-F) and five levels of recommendation (1-5). Thus, the current guidelines provide a clinically and scientifically relevant, evidence-based update of our earlier recommendations. These guidelines are intended for use by clinicians and practitioners who evaluate and treat people with alcohol use disorders and are primarily concerned with the biological treatment of adults with such disorders.

这些酒精使用障碍生物治疗实践指南是2008年出版的第一版的更新，第一版是由世界生物精神病学学会联合会（WFSBP）的一个国际工作队制定的。在2016年的修订中，我们对所有与酒精中毒生物治疗相关的现有出版物（MEDLINE/PUBMED数据库，Cochrane图书馆）进行了系统回顾，并从国家指南中提取了数据。工作组就每种药物疗效的证据强度对已确定的文献进行了评估，并随后将其分为六个证据级别（A-F）和五个推荐级别（1-5）。因此，目前的指南提供了我们早期建议的临床和科学相关的、基于证据的更新。这些指南旨在供评估和治疗酒精使用障碍患者的临床医生和从业人员使用，并主要关注患有此类障碍的成人的生物治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Difference in mitochondrial DNA copy number in peripheral blood cells between probands with autism spectrum disorders and their unaffected siblings 自闭症谱系障碍先证者与未患病同胞外周血细胞线粒体DNA拷贝数的差异

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2017-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1234069

H. Yoo, Mira Park, Soon-Ae Kim

Abstract Objectives: Several reports suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Therefore, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, a common biomarker for mitochondrial dysfunction, might be associated with ASD phenotypes. Methods: Relative mtDNA copy number in the peripheral blood cells of 100 Korean ASD patients and their unaffected sib-pairs was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: ASD patients had significantly higher relative mtDNA copy numbers than their unaffected sibs (P = .042). In addition, there were statistically significant correlations between mtDNA copy number and clinical phenotypes for language and communication in ASD. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction and elevated mtDNA copy number may be a biological subtype of ASD that is related to the phenotype for communication.

【摘要】目的:一些报道表明线粒体功能障碍参与自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的病理生理。因此，线粒体DNA (mtDNA)拷贝数作为线粒体功能障碍的常见生物标志物，可能与ASD表型相关。方法:采用定量聚合酶链式反应(qPCR)技术检测100例韩国ASD患者及其未患病同胞对外周血mtDNA的相对拷贝数。结果:ASD患者的相对mtDNA拷贝数明显高于未患病同胞(P = 0.042)。此外，mtDNA拷贝数与ASD患者语言和交流的临床表型之间存在统计学意义上的相关性。结论:我们的研究结果表明，线粒体功能障碍和mtDNA拷贝数升高可能是ASD的一种生物学亚型，与交流表型有关。

引用次数: 27

Reviewers of the year 2016 2016年度评审员

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2017-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1286028

I. Guimarães, Joao M. Fond, G. Fontenelle, L. Forero, Diego Frangou, Sophia Fullana, Miquel A. Funda Sener, Elif Gaedigk

引用次数: 0

Abnormalities of language pathways in schizophrenia patients with and without a lifetime history of auditory verbal hallucinations: A DTI-based tractography study 有或没有听觉言语幻觉史的精神分裂症患者的语言通路异常:一项基于dti的神经束造影研究

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

Pub Date : 2017-01-25 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1274053

E. Leroux, N. Delcroix, S. Dollfus

Abstract Objectives: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are frequently observed in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and could be the result of white matter (WM) fibre abnormalities involved in speech production/comprehension and perception. We evaluated WM integrity changes in SZ with (SZ+) and without (SZ–) lifetime AVHs compared to healthy controls (HCs), using diffusion tensor imaging-based tractography, with a novel focus on the structural connectivity within both intra- and interhemispheric fasciculi. Methods: The study included 27 SZ+, 12 SZ– and 34 HCs. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean and radial diffusivities (MD and RD) were extracted in each participant in two left interhemispheric fasciculi and in the interhemispheric auditory pathway (IAP) to test integrity differences among groups. Results: SZ– and SZ + compared to HCs presented increased diffusivities and/or decreased FA in the interhemispheric fasciculi. Decreased FA was significant only between SZ + and HCs for the IAP. Conclusions: In this first comparison of integrity changes within both intra- and interhemispheric fasciculi, abnormalities in the intrahemispheric fasciculi were observed in both SZ– and SZ+, but an alteration in the IAP was seen only in SZ+. These results suggest that the IAP may be more involved in patients with AVHs-proneness.

目的:听觉言语幻觉(AVHs)在精神分裂症(SZ)患者中经常观察到，可能是参与言语产生/理解和感知的白质(WM)纤维异常的结果。与健康对照组(hc)相比，我们使用基于弥散张量成像的神经束造影技术，评估了伴有(SZ+)和不伴有(SZ -)终身AVHs的SZ脑区WM完整性的变化，并将新的重点放在了半球束内和半球束间的结构连通性上。方法:选取SZ+ 27例，SZ - 12例，hc 34例。在每个参与者的两个左半球间束和半球间听觉通路(IAP)中提取分数各向异性(FA)和平均扩散率(MD)和径向扩散率(RD)，以测试各组之间的完整性差异。结果:与hc相比，SZ -和SZ +在半球间束内的弥散性增加和/或FA减少。对于IAP，只有SZ +和hc之间FA显著降低。结论:在第一次对半球内和半球间束束完整性变化的比较中，在SZ -和SZ+中都观察到半球内束束的异常，但仅在SZ+中观察到IAP的改变。这些结果表明，IAP可能更多地参与到avhs倾向患者中。

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引用次数: 21