Pub Date : 2018-04-01DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1249951
E. Via, X. Goldberg, I. Sánchez, L. Forcano, B. Harrison, C. Davey, J. Pujol, I. Martínez-Zalacaín, F. Fernández-Aranda, C. Soriano-Mas, N. Cardoner, J. Menchón
Abstract Objectives: Body image distortion is a core symptom of anorexia nervosa (AN), which involves alterations in self- (and other’s) evaluative processes arising during body perception. At a neural level, self-related information is thought to rely on areas of the so-called default mode network (DMN), which, additionally, shows prominent synchronised activity at rest. Methods: Twenty female patients with AN and 20 matched healthy controls were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging when: (a) viewing video clips of their own body and another's body; (b) at rest. Between-group differences within the DMN during task performance were evaluated and further explored for task-related and resting-state-related functional connectivity alterations. Results: AN patients showed a hyperactivation of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex during their own-body processing but a response failure to another’s body processing at the precuneus and ventral PCC. Increased task-related connectivity was found between dPCC–dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus–mid-temporal cortex. Further, AN patients showed decreased resting-state connectivity between the dPCC and the angular gyrus. Conclusions: The PCC and the precuneus are suggested as key components of a network supporting self–other-evaluative processes implicated in body distortion, while the existence of DMN alterations at rest might reflect a sustained, task-independent breakdown within this network in AN.
{"title":"Self and other body perception in anorexia nervosa: The role of posterior DMN nodes","authors":"E. Via, X. Goldberg, I. Sánchez, L. Forcano, B. Harrison, C. Davey, J. Pujol, I. Martínez-Zalacaín, F. Fernández-Aranda, C. Soriano-Mas, N. Cardoner, J. Menchón","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2016.1249951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2016.1249951","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: Body image distortion is a core symptom of anorexia nervosa (AN), which involves alterations in self- (and other’s) evaluative processes arising during body perception. At a neural level, self-related information is thought to rely on areas of the so-called default mode network (DMN), which, additionally, shows prominent synchronised activity at rest. Methods: Twenty female patients with AN and 20 matched healthy controls were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging when: (a) viewing video clips of their own body and another's body; (b) at rest. Between-group differences within the DMN during task performance were evaluated and further explored for task-related and resting-state-related functional connectivity alterations. Results: AN patients showed a hyperactivation of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex during their own-body processing but a response failure to another’s body processing at the precuneus and ventral PCC. Increased task-related connectivity was found between dPCC–dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus–mid-temporal cortex. Further, AN patients showed decreased resting-state connectivity between the dPCC and the angular gyrus. Conclusions: The PCC and the precuneus are suggested as key components of a network supporting self–other-evaluative processes implicated in body distortion, while the existence of DMN alterations at rest might reflect a sustained, task-independent breakdown within this network in AN.","PeriodicalId":22963,"journal":{"name":"The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":"4 1","pages":"210 - 224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78868819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-17DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1282175
C. Bonvicini, S. Faraone, C. Scassellati
Abstract Objectives: Elucidating the biological mechanisms involved in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been challenging. Relatively unexplored is the fact that these mechanisms can differ with age. Methods: We present an overview on the major differences between children and adults with ADHD, describing several studies from genomics to metabolomics performed in ADHD children and in adults (cADHD and aADHD, respectively). A systematic search (up until February 2016) was conducted. Results: From a PRISMA flow-chart, a total of 350 and 91 genomics and metabolomics studies were found to be elligible for cADHD and aADHD, respectively. For children, associations were found for genes belonging to dopaminergic (SLC6A3, DRD4 and MAOA) and neurodevelopmental (LPHN3 and DIRAS2) systems and OPRM1 (Yates corrected P = 0.016; OR = 2.27 95%CI: 1.15–4.47). Studies of adults have implicated circadian rhythms genes, HTR2A, MAOB and a more generic neurodevelopmental/neurite outgrowth network (BCHE, SNAP25, BAIAP2, NOS1/NO, KCNIP4 and SPOCK3; Yates corrected P = 0.007; OR = 3.30 95%CI: 1.33–8.29). In common among cADHD and aADHD, the most significant findings are for oxidative stress proteins (MAD, SOD, PON1, ARES, TOS, TAS and OSI), and, in the second level, DISC1, DBH, DDC, microRNA and adiponectin. Conclusions: Through a convergent functional genomics, this review contributes to clarification of which genetic/biological mechanisms differ with age. The effects of some genes do not change throughout the lifetime, whereas others are linked to age-specific stages. Additional research and further studies are needed to generate firmer conclusions that might someday be useful for predicting the remission and persistence of the disorder. Despite the limitations, some of these genes/proteins could be potential useful biomarkers to discriminate cADHD from aADHD.
{"title":"Common and specific genes and peripheral biomarkers in children and adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder","authors":"C. Bonvicini, S. Faraone, C. Scassellati","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2017.1282175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2017.1282175","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: Elucidating the biological mechanisms involved in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been challenging. Relatively unexplored is the fact that these mechanisms can differ with age. Methods: We present an overview on the major differences between children and adults with ADHD, describing several studies from genomics to metabolomics performed in ADHD children and in adults (cADHD and aADHD, respectively). A systematic search (up until February 2016) was conducted. Results: From a PRISMA flow-chart, a total of 350 and 91 genomics and metabolomics studies were found to be elligible for cADHD and aADHD, respectively. For children, associations were found for genes belonging to dopaminergic (SLC6A3, DRD4 and MAOA) and neurodevelopmental (LPHN3 and DIRAS2) systems and OPRM1 (Yates corrected P = 0.016; OR = 2.27 95%CI: 1.15–4.47). Studies of adults have implicated circadian rhythms genes, HTR2A, MAOB and a more generic neurodevelopmental/neurite outgrowth network (BCHE, SNAP25, BAIAP2, NOS1/NO, KCNIP4 and SPOCK3; Yates corrected P = 0.007; OR = 3.30 95%CI: 1.33–8.29). In common among cADHD and aADHD, the most significant findings are for oxidative stress proteins (MAD, SOD, PON1, ARES, TOS, TAS and OSI), and, in the second level, DISC1, DBH, DDC, microRNA and adiponectin. Conclusions: Through a convergent functional genomics, this review contributes to clarification of which genetic/biological mechanisms differ with age. The effects of some genes do not change throughout the lifetime, whereas others are linked to age-specific stages. Additional research and further studies are needed to generate firmer conclusions that might someday be useful for predicting the remission and persistence of the disorder. Despite the limitations, some of these genes/proteins could be potential useful biomarkers to discriminate cADHD from aADHD.","PeriodicalId":22963,"journal":{"name":"The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":"10 1","pages":"100 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73491648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-17DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1274052
Judith Buse, C. Beste, V. Roessner
Abstract Objectives: It has been suggested that Tourette syndrome (TS) might be associated with alterations of the attention system, but the nature of these alterations and the underlying neuroanatomical network remains elusive. We aimed at investigating the functional neuroanatomical modulators of attention allocation towards predictable versus unpredictable stimuli in boys with TS. Methods: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we ran a harmonic expectancy violation paradigm in 17 boys with TS and 23 matched healthy controls (HCs). We presented chord sequence in which the first four chords induced a strong expectancy for a harmonic chord at the next position. In 70% this expectancy was fulfilled (harmonic), in 30% the expectancy was violated (disharmonic). Results: HCs responded faster to the disharmonic compared to harmonic chords, indicating a stronger attention allocation towards unpredictable stimuli, while this effect was not found in boys with TS. HCs showed stronger anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation during disharmonic compared to harmonic chords. Boys with TS showed stronger ACC activation during harmonic chords, which was associated with greater tic severity. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that boys with TS showed altered reactions towards predictable versus unpredictable stimuli in brain regions playing an important role in attention control. This might indicate altered allocation of attention towards those stimuli.
{"title":"Neural correlates of prediction violations in boys with Tourette syndrome: Evidence from harmonic expectancy","authors":"Judith Buse, C. Beste, V. Roessner","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2016.1274052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2016.1274052","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: It has been suggested that Tourette syndrome (TS) might be associated with alterations of the attention system, but the nature of these alterations and the underlying neuroanatomical network remains elusive. We aimed at investigating the functional neuroanatomical modulators of attention allocation towards predictable versus unpredictable stimuli in boys with TS. Methods: Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we ran a harmonic expectancy violation paradigm in 17 boys with TS and 23 matched healthy controls (HCs). We presented chord sequence in which the first four chords induced a strong expectancy for a harmonic chord at the next position. In 70% this expectancy was fulfilled (harmonic), in 30% the expectancy was violated (disharmonic). Results: HCs responded faster to the disharmonic compared to harmonic chords, indicating a stronger attention allocation towards unpredictable stimuli, while this effect was not found in boys with TS. HCs showed stronger anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation during disharmonic compared to harmonic chords. Boys with TS showed stronger ACC activation during harmonic chords, which was associated with greater tic severity. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that boys with TS showed altered reactions towards predictable versus unpredictable stimuli in brain regions playing an important role in attention control. This might indicate altered allocation of attention towards those stimuli.","PeriodicalId":22963,"journal":{"name":"The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":"72 1","pages":"130 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84491993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-17DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1282173
Daniel A. Geller, A. Abramovitch, A. Mittelman, Abigail M. Stark, Kesley A. Ramsey, Allison W. Cooperman, L. Baer, S. E. Stewart
Abstract Objectives: The small body of neuropsychological research in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) yields inconsistent results. A recent meta-analysis found small effect sizes, concluding that paediatric OCD may not be associated with cognitive impairments, stressing the need for more research. We investigated neuropsychological performance in a large sample of youths with OCD, while assessing potential moderators. Methods: Participants with OCD (n = 102) and matched controls (n = 161) were thoroughly screened and blindly evaluated for comorbidities, and completed a neuropsychological battery assessing processing speed, visuospatial abilities (VSA), working memory (WM), non-verbal memory (NVM), and executive functions (EF). Results: Compared to controls, youths with OCD exhibited underperformance on tasks assessing processing speed. On tests of VSA and WM, underperformance was found only on timed tasks. There were no differences on NVM and EF tasks. Notably, the OCD group’s standardised scores were in the normative range. Test performance was not associated with demographic or clinical variables. Conclusions: Youths with OCD exhibited intact performance on memory and EF tests, but slower processing speed, and underperformance only on timed VSA and WM tasks. While the OCD group performed in the normative range, these findings reveal relative weaknesses that may be overlooked. Such an oversight may be of particular importance in clinical and school settings.
{"title":"Neurocognitive function in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder","authors":"Daniel A. Geller, A. Abramovitch, A. Mittelman, Abigail M. Stark, Kesley A. Ramsey, Allison W. Cooperman, L. Baer, S. E. Stewart","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2017.1282173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2017.1282173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: The small body of neuropsychological research in paediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) yields inconsistent results. A recent meta-analysis found small effect sizes, concluding that paediatric OCD may not be associated with cognitive impairments, stressing the need for more research. We investigated neuropsychological performance in a large sample of youths with OCD, while assessing potential moderators. Methods: Participants with OCD (n = 102) and matched controls (n = 161) were thoroughly screened and blindly evaluated for comorbidities, and completed a neuropsychological battery assessing processing speed, visuospatial abilities (VSA), working memory (WM), non-verbal memory (NVM), and executive functions (EF). Results: Compared to controls, youths with OCD exhibited underperformance on tasks assessing processing speed. On tests of VSA and WM, underperformance was found only on timed tasks. There were no differences on NVM and EF tasks. Notably, the OCD group’s standardised scores were in the normative range. Test performance was not associated with demographic or clinical variables. Conclusions: Youths with OCD exhibited intact performance on memory and EF tests, but slower processing speed, and underperformance only on timed VSA and WM tasks. While the OCD group performed in the normative range, these findings reveal relative weaknesses that may be overlooked. Such an oversight may be of particular importance in clinical and school settings.","PeriodicalId":22963,"journal":{"name":"The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":"409 1","pages":"142 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79803793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-17DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1237040
I. Massat, H. Slama, T. Villemonteix, A. Mary, S. Baijot, A. Albajara Sáenz, D. Balériaux, T. Metens, M. Kavec, P. Peigneux
Abstract Objectives: Hypo/reduced activity in motor response inhibition (RI) cerebral networks was recently proposed as a promising specific neurobiological marker of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Before adopting such a pattern as a key diagnosis tool, we aim to replicate in an independent study the mechanisms underlying reduced RI-related activity in ADHD, after controlling for potentially confounding effects. Methods: In this fMRI study, we investigated the neural networks mediating successful and failed motor RI in children with ADHD and typically developing children (TDC) using the stop-signal task (SST) paradigm. Results: In contrast to hypofrontality predictions, children with ADHD exhibit increased neural activity during successful response inhibition in an RI-related brain network encompassing the indirect and/or hyperdirect pathways between the basal ganglia and cortex. Voxel-based morphometry analyses have further evidenced reduced grey matter volume in the left caudate in children with ADHD, which paralleled higher functional responses. Finally, connectivity analyses disclosed tighter coupling between a set of cortical regions and the right caudate as well as the right IFG, networks involved in successful RI. Conclusions: Hypo/reduced activity in RI cerebral networks in children with ADHD cannot at this time be considered as a systematic biomarker for ADHD.
{"title":"Hyperactivity in motor response inhibition networks in unmedicated children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder","authors":"I. Massat, H. Slama, T. Villemonteix, A. Mary, S. Baijot, A. Albajara Sáenz, D. Balériaux, T. Metens, M. Kavec, P. Peigneux","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2016.1237040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2016.1237040","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: Hypo/reduced activity in motor response inhibition (RI) cerebral networks was recently proposed as a promising specific neurobiological marker of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Before adopting such a pattern as a key diagnosis tool, we aim to replicate in an independent study the mechanisms underlying reduced RI-related activity in ADHD, after controlling for potentially confounding effects. Methods: In this fMRI study, we investigated the neural networks mediating successful and failed motor RI in children with ADHD and typically developing children (TDC) using the stop-signal task (SST) paradigm. Results: In contrast to hypofrontality predictions, children with ADHD exhibit increased neural activity during successful response inhibition in an RI-related brain network encompassing the indirect and/or hyperdirect pathways between the basal ganglia and cortex. Voxel-based morphometry analyses have further evidenced reduced grey matter volume in the left caudate in children with ADHD, which paralleled higher functional responses. Finally, connectivity analyses disclosed tighter coupling between a set of cortical regions and the right caudate as well as the right IFG, networks involved in successful RI. Conclusions: Hypo/reduced activity in RI cerebral networks in children with ADHD cannot at this time be considered as a systematic biomarker for ADHD.","PeriodicalId":22963,"journal":{"name":"The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":"1 1","pages":"101 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76120488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-02-17DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1265147
I. Perçinel, B. Ozbaran, Sezen Kose, D. Simsek, S. Darcan
Abstract Objectives: In this study we aimed to evaluate emotion recognition and emotion regulation skills of children with exogenous obesity between the ages of 11 and 18 years and compare them with healthy controls. Methods: The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children was used for psychiatric evaluations. Emotion recognition skills were evaluated using Faces Test and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. The Difficulties in Emotions Regulation Scale was used for evaluating skills of emotion regulation. Results: Children with obesity had lower scores on Faces Test and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, and experienced greater difficulty in emotional regulation skills. Conclusions: Improved understanding of emotional recognition and emotion regulation in young people with obesity may improve their social adaptation and help in the treatment of their disorder. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate both emotional recognition and emotion regulation functions in obese children and obese adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age.
{"title":"Increased deficits in emotion recognition and regulation in children and adolescents with exogenous obesity","authors":"I. Perçinel, B. Ozbaran, Sezen Kose, D. Simsek, S. Darcan","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2016.1265147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2016.1265147","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: In this study we aimed to evaluate emotion recognition and emotion regulation skills of children with exogenous obesity between the ages of 11 and 18 years and compare them with healthy controls. Methods: The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children was used for psychiatric evaluations. Emotion recognition skills were evaluated using Faces Test and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test. The Difficulties in Emotions Regulation Scale was used for evaluating skills of emotion regulation. Results: Children with obesity had lower scores on Faces Test and Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, and experienced greater difficulty in emotional regulation skills. Conclusions: Improved understanding of emotional recognition and emotion regulation in young people with obesity may improve their social adaptation and help in the treatment of their disorder. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate both emotional recognition and emotion regulation functions in obese children and obese adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age.","PeriodicalId":22963,"journal":{"name":"The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":"17 1","pages":"112 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81979059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-02DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1255353
F. Haesebaert, R. Moirand, A. Schott-Pethelaz, J. Brunelin, E. Poulet
Abstract Objectives: To investigate the clinical efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), venlafaxine or a combination of both treatments as a maintenance treatment in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods: In a three-arm open-label study, 66 patients, including 45 remitters, who responded to rTMS (n = 25), venlafaxine (n = 22), or a combination of both treatments (n = 19) continued to receive the treatment that led to a response as a maintenance treatment over 12 months. Maintenance rTMS was administered twice per week for 1 month, once per week for 2 months, and once every 2 weeks for 9 months. Venlafaxine was maintained at the dose that induced a clinical response (150 or 225 mg/day). Results: After the 12-month follow-up, the rates of remitters (HDRS < 8) were not different between the three groups (χ2 = 1.25; P = .3). The rates of patients who not relapsed (HDRS < 15) were not different between groups (χ2 = 0.33; P = .8): 40.0% in the rTMS group, 45.1% in the venlafaxine group and 36.9% in the combination group. Conclusions: The three maintenance approaches exhibited similar efficacies in relapse prevention and the maintenance of remission in patients with TRD.
{"title":"Usefulness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a maintenance treatment in patients with major depression","authors":"F. Haesebaert, R. Moirand, A. Schott-Pethelaz, J. Brunelin, E. Poulet","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2016.1255353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2016.1255353","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: To investigate the clinical efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), venlafaxine or a combination of both treatments as a maintenance treatment in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods: In a three-arm open-label study, 66 patients, including 45 remitters, who responded to rTMS (n = 25), venlafaxine (n = 22), or a combination of both treatments (n = 19) continued to receive the treatment that led to a response as a maintenance treatment over 12 months. Maintenance rTMS was administered twice per week for 1 month, once per week for 2 months, and once every 2 weeks for 9 months. Venlafaxine was maintained at the dose that induced a clinical response (150 or 225 mg/day). Results: After the 12-month follow-up, the rates of remitters (HDRS < 8) were not different between the three groups (χ2 = 1.25; P = .3). The rates of patients who not relapsed (HDRS < 15) were not different between groups (χ2 = 0.33; P = .8): 40.0% in the rTMS group, 45.1% in the venlafaxine group and 36.9% in the combination group. Conclusions: The three maintenance approaches exhibited similar efficacies in relapse prevention and the maintenance of remission in patients with TRD.","PeriodicalId":22963,"journal":{"name":"The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":"43 1","pages":"74 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90893462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-17DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1117655
Anne Clark-Raymond, E. Meresh, D. Hoppensteadt, J. Fareed, J. Sinacore, Brittany Garlenski, A. Halaris
Abstract Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate baseline plasma VEGF levels as a potential predictor of response to antidepressant pharmacotherapy. The study also sought to determine whether baseline plasma VEGF would be useful in predicting treatment outcome when two pharmacodynamically diverse agents with established antidepressant efficacy, escitalopram and quetiapine, were administered monotherapeutically to MDD patients. Methods: Two groups of qualifying MDD subjects were enrolled. One group was treated with escitalopram and the other with quetiapine. Plasma concentrations of VEGF were measured using Randox Technologies at baseline, and at weeks 8 and 12 of treatment. Results: We stratified the MDD patients into those who remitted and those who failed to respond. Mean baseline VEGF for the remitters and non-responders was 9.61 and 5.40 pg/ml, respectively (P < 0.0005). Using optimal data analysis a cut score of 7.49 pg/ml for baseline plasma VEGF distinguished remitters from non-responders with a 63% overall accuracy. The remission rate was comparable for both drugs (73 and 81% for quetiapine and escitalopram, respectively). VEGF levels did not significantly change following antidepressant treatment with either escitalopram or quetiapine when measured at 8 and 12 weeks; this result held true for both remitters and non-responders. Conclusions: Our results suggest that VEGF may predict response to antidepressant treatment and may ultimately prove to be a potential biomarker that can be measured with a routine blood draw at the point of service.
{"title":"Vascular endothelial growth factor: Potential predictor of treatment response in major depression","authors":"Anne Clark-Raymond, E. Meresh, D. Hoppensteadt, J. Fareed, J. Sinacore, Brittany Garlenski, A. Halaris","doi":"10.3109/15622975.2015.1117655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/15622975.2015.1117655","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate baseline plasma VEGF levels as a potential predictor of response to antidepressant pharmacotherapy. The study also sought to determine whether baseline plasma VEGF would be useful in predicting treatment outcome when two pharmacodynamically diverse agents with established antidepressant efficacy, escitalopram and quetiapine, were administered monotherapeutically to MDD patients. Methods: Two groups of qualifying MDD subjects were enrolled. One group was treated with escitalopram and the other with quetiapine. Plasma concentrations of VEGF were measured using Randox Technologies at baseline, and at weeks 8 and 12 of treatment. Results: We stratified the MDD patients into those who remitted and those who failed to respond. Mean baseline VEGF for the remitters and non-responders was 9.61 and 5.40 pg/ml, respectively (P < 0.0005). Using optimal data analysis a cut score of 7.49 pg/ml for baseline plasma VEGF distinguished remitters from non-responders with a 63% overall accuracy. The remission rate was comparable for both drugs (73 and 81% for quetiapine and escitalopram, respectively). VEGF levels did not significantly change following antidepressant treatment with either escitalopram or quetiapine when measured at 8 and 12 weeks; this result held true for both remitters and non-responders. Conclusions: Our results suggest that VEGF may predict response to antidepressant treatment and may ultimately prove to be a potential biomarker that can be measured with a routine blood draw at the point of service.","PeriodicalId":22963,"journal":{"name":"The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":"38 1","pages":"575 - 585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82829095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1117656
S. Sethi, M. Hayashi, Alessandra Sussulini, L. Tasić, E. Brietzke
Abstract Objectives: In this review, the authors discuss an overview of lipidomics followed by in-depth discussion of its application to the study of human diseases, including extraction methods of lipids, analytical techniques and clinical research in neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods: Lipidomics is a lipid-targeted metabolomics approach aiming at the comprehensive analysis of lipids in biological systems. Recent technological advancements in mass spectrometry and chromatography have greatly enhanced the development and applications of metabolic profiling of diverse lipids in complex biological samples. Results: An effective evaluation of the clinical course of diseases requires the application of very precise diagnostic and assessment approaches as early as possible. In order to achieve this, “omics” strategies offer new opportunities for biomarker identification and/or discovery in complex diseases and may provide pathological pathways understanding for diseases beyond traditional methodologies. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of lipidomics for the future perspectives as a tool for biomarker identification and discovery and its clinical application.
{"title":"Analytical approaches for lipidomics and its potential applications in neuropsychiatric disorders","authors":"S. Sethi, M. Hayashi, Alessandra Sussulini, L. Tasić, E. Brietzke","doi":"10.3109/15622975.2015.1117656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3109/15622975.2015.1117656","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: In this review, the authors discuss an overview of lipidomics followed by in-depth discussion of its application to the study of human diseases, including extraction methods of lipids, analytical techniques and clinical research in neuropsychiatric disorders. Methods: Lipidomics is a lipid-targeted metabolomics approach aiming at the comprehensive analysis of lipids in biological systems. Recent technological advancements in mass spectrometry and chromatography have greatly enhanced the development and applications of metabolic profiling of diverse lipids in complex biological samples. Results: An effective evaluation of the clinical course of diseases requires the application of very precise diagnostic and assessment approaches as early as possible. In order to achieve this, “omics” strategies offer new opportunities for biomarker identification and/or discovery in complex diseases and may provide pathological pathways understanding for diseases beyond traditional methodologies. Conclusions: This review highlights the importance of lipidomics for the future perspectives as a tool for biomarker identification and discovery and its clinical application.","PeriodicalId":22963,"journal":{"name":"The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":"8 1","pages":"506 - 520"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89863339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-01DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1245442
Jianhua Chen, Raja Amjad Waheed Khan, Meng Wang, Kuanjun He, Qingzhong Wang, Zhiqiang Li, Wenjin Li, Z. Wen, Zhijian Song, Jiawei Shen, Yifeng Xu, Yongyong Shi
Abstract Objectives: The ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily is one of the largest membrane protein families, which is responsible for transportation of substances across the membranes by utilising energy. Some research has bridged the variations in ABCA13 with occurrence of psychiatric disorders. To investigate the overlapping risk conferred by ABCA13 for both major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, we analysed tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tag SNPs). Methods: We used TaqMan® technology to genotype 1045 major depressive disorder patients, 1235 schizophrenia patients and 1235 healthy controls of Han Chinese origin. Results: We found that rs7789493 (Pallele = 7.23E-04, Pgenotype =.001) was associated with major depressive disorder, while rs17132388 (Pallele = 1.63E-04, Pgenotype = 7.50E-04) and rs6583476 (Pallele = 5.50E-04, Pgenotype =.002) showed statistically significant association with schizophrenia. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the ABCA13 gene may contain overlapping common genetic risk factors for both major depressive disorder and schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population. The study on variants conferring overlapping risk for multiple psychiatric disorders could be tangible pathogenesis support in clinical or diagnostic references.
{"title":"Association between the variability of the ABCA13 gene and the risk of major depressive disorder and schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population","authors":"Jianhua Chen, Raja Amjad Waheed Khan, Meng Wang, Kuanjun He, Qingzhong Wang, Zhiqiang Li, Wenjin Li, Z. Wen, Zhijian Song, Jiawei Shen, Yifeng Xu, Yongyong Shi","doi":"10.1080/15622975.2016.1245442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15622975.2016.1245442","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Objectives: The ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily is one of the largest membrane protein families, which is responsible for transportation of substances across the membranes by utilising energy. Some research has bridged the variations in ABCA13 with occurrence of psychiatric disorders. To investigate the overlapping risk conferred by ABCA13 for both major depressive disorder and schizophrenia, we analysed tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tag SNPs). Methods: We used TaqMan® technology to genotype 1045 major depressive disorder patients, 1235 schizophrenia patients and 1235 healthy controls of Han Chinese origin. Results: We found that rs7789493 (Pallele = 7.23E-04, Pgenotype =.001) was associated with major depressive disorder, while rs17132388 (Pallele = 1.63E-04, Pgenotype = 7.50E-04) and rs6583476 (Pallele = 5.50E-04, Pgenotype =.002) showed statistically significant association with schizophrenia. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the ABCA13 gene may contain overlapping common genetic risk factors for both major depressive disorder and schizophrenia in the Han Chinese population. The study on variants conferring overlapping risk for multiple psychiatric disorders could be tangible pathogenesis support in clinical or diagnostic references.","PeriodicalId":22963,"journal":{"name":"The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry","volume":"99 1","pages":"550 - 556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73093250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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