M. Vallinayagam, P. Kumar, J. Krishnamoorthy, R. Arumugam
Background:- It is observed that 12% of the world’s blind population is affected by corneal blindness, a visual impairment that is amenable to treatment. The alarming figures rise every year, keeping India in the lead. Corneal transplantation remains the main-stay of treatment for restoring vision in such patients. Literature review in India reveals that the awareness about eye donation in public, especially among the youth is very low. Hence creation of awareness carries paramount importance. The aim of this study is to compare awareness between the Medical and Engineering college students in Puducherry and to explore ways to involve medical community and other sectors. Materials and Methods:- Students following their respective courses (I – IV year) during January to June 2016 participated in the study. Out of 679 students, 277 were medical and 402 were engineering students. The study started with initial clarification of questions followed by administration of pretested and semi-structured questionnaire with informed consent. The results were derived through statistical analysis. Results:- All the students were aware of eye donation. Awareness on various parameters is higher among the medical students. Television channels were considered as the most powerful tool amongst the media-to reach out to the public. Conclusion:- The study is in agreement with similar studies towards the necessity for awareness creation. Creation of awareness on eye donation can greatly improve current statistics. The medical students, in close collaboration with the community groups like Non Governmental Organisations, can reach out to public. The eyebanks and medical colleges can be linked up for advocacy programmes. Education on organ donation is a must for the society. The student community, medical and paramedical staff should be actively involved in this regard. Media campaign can play a commendable role to reach out to the masses for optimum benefit. 56.80% were aware of this fact while 43.20% were oblivious to it. Out of 277 medical students, 54.90% Abstract
{"title":"A Study on Eye Donation Awareness Among Medical and Engineering Students in Puducherry","authors":"M. Vallinayagam, P. Kumar, J. Krishnamoorthy, R. Arumugam","doi":"10.7869/DJO.285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/DJO.285","url":null,"abstract":"Background:- It is observed that 12% of the world’s blind population is affected by corneal blindness, a visual impairment that is amenable to treatment. The alarming figures rise every year, keeping India in the lead. Corneal transplantation remains the main-stay of treatment for restoring vision in such patients. Literature review in India reveals that the awareness about eye donation in public, especially among the youth is very low. Hence creation of awareness carries paramount importance. The aim of this study is to compare awareness between the Medical and Engineering college students in Puducherry and to explore ways to involve medical community and other sectors. Materials and Methods:- Students following their respective courses (I – IV year) during January to June 2016 participated in the study. Out of 679 students, 277 were medical and 402 were engineering students. The study started with initial clarification of questions followed by administration of pretested and semi-structured questionnaire with informed consent. The results were derived through statistical analysis. Results:- All the students were aware of eye donation. Awareness on various parameters is higher among the medical students. Television channels were considered as the most powerful tool amongst the media-to reach out to the public. Conclusion:- The study is in agreement with similar studies towards the necessity for awareness creation. Creation of awareness on eye donation can greatly improve current statistics. The medical students, in close collaboration with the community groups like Non Governmental Organisations, can reach out to public. The eyebanks and medical colleges can be linked up for advocacy programmes. Education on organ donation is a must for the society. The student community, medical and paramedical staff should be actively involved in this regard. Media campaign can play a commendable role to reach out to the masses for optimum benefit. 56.80% were aware of this fact while 43.20% were oblivious to it. Out of 277 medical students, 54.90% Abstract","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83168805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ocular Brachytherapy : Available to All","authors":"Arun D. Singh","doi":"10.7869/DJO.281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/DJO.281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83455615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eyelash In Anterior Chamber: An Unusual Intraocular Foreign Body","authors":"J. Bhalla, P. Lal","doi":"10.7869/DJO.290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/DJO.290","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85449542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past decade, there has been an exponential increase in the database of heritable eye disorders. More than 100,000 germline mutations reported in more than 3,700 different human nuclear genes are associated with inherited diseases. Continuously increasing mutation database has revolutionized the study of human genome and facilitated ‘‘personalized genomics.’’ With more than 300 new ‘‘inherited disease genes’’ being identified annually, it is essential to ask how many ‘‘inherited disease genes’’ are in the human genome, containing how many mutations, and where they are located? Knowledge of the clinical and molecular features of ocular genetics and inherited eye diseases is important for appropriate diagnosis and patient management. Genetic causes for a wide range of eye diseases have been identified, leading to discovery of genes associated with the eye disorder. Discovery of these new genes have led to a rethinking and a reclassification of eye disorders that were earlier based only on classical clinical signs, but now also on underlying genetic aetiology. Some of these disorders include the corneal dystrophies, rare forms of strabismus, ocular disorders resulting from mutations in transcription factors, cataract that result from mutations in crystallins and other structural lens components, retinal dystrophies that result from defects in phototransduction or visual cycle defects and many more. This article discusses molecular basis of some of these eye disorders and also advances in the field of ophthalmic genetics.
{"title":"An Insight into Ocular Genetics","authors":"S. Bisht, M. Kumar, S. Gautam, R. Dada","doi":"10.7869/DJO.294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/DJO.294","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past decade, there has been an exponential increase in the database of heritable eye disorders. More than 100,000 germline mutations reported in more than 3,700 different human nuclear genes are associated with inherited diseases. Continuously increasing mutation database has revolutionized the study of human genome and facilitated ‘‘personalized genomics.’’ With more than 300 new ‘‘inherited disease genes’’ being identified annually, it is essential to ask how many ‘‘inherited disease genes’’ are in the human genome, containing how many mutations, and where they are located? Knowledge of the clinical and molecular features of ocular genetics and inherited eye diseases is important for appropriate diagnosis and patient management. Genetic causes for a wide range of eye diseases have been identified, leading to discovery of genes associated with the eye disorder. Discovery of these new genes have led to a rethinking and a reclassification of eye disorders that were earlier based only on classical clinical signs, but now also on underlying genetic aetiology. Some of these disorders include the corneal dystrophies, rare forms of strabismus, ocular disorders resulting from mutations in transcription factors, cataract that result from mutations in crystallins and other structural lens components, retinal dystrophies that result from defects in phototransduction or visual cycle defects and many more. This article discusses molecular basis of some of these eye disorders and also advances in the field of ophthalmic genetics.","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75710965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Navneet S. Mehrotra, M. Nagpal, Avijit Vishnoi, Rajen Mehta, Hardik A. Jain
Introduction The annual incidence of uveitis is between 17 and 52 per 1,00, 000 of the population, with up to 35% of patients reported to have significant visual impairment or legal blindness.1-5 To assess the severity of viteous inflammation in patients of intermediate and posterior uveitis, the current gold standard is the National Eye Institute (NEI) system for grading of vitreous haze.6-7 This system, often referred as the “Nussenblatt scale,” is based on the comparison of clinical findings of the patients eye on indirect ophthalmoscopy with a series of six photographs representing various degrees of fundal vitreous haze.
{"title":"Vitreous Punctate Spots in Eyes with Intermediate and Posterior Uveitis Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography","authors":"Navneet S. Mehrotra, M. Nagpal, Avijit Vishnoi, Rajen Mehta, Hardik A. Jain","doi":"10.7869/djo.284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/djo.284","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The annual incidence of uveitis is between 17 and 52 per 1,00, 000 of the population, with up to 35% of patients reported to have significant visual impairment or legal blindness.1-5 To assess the severity of viteous inflammation in patients of intermediate and posterior uveitis, the current gold standard is the National Eye Institute (NEI) system for grading of vitreous haze.6-7 This system, often referred as the “Nussenblatt scale,” is based on the comparison of clinical findings of the patients eye on indirect ophthalmoscopy with a series of six photographs representing various degrees of fundal vitreous haze.","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77081537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Case Description A 17 year-old female patient presented with complaints of sudden decrease in vision and central scotoma in both eyes, along with progressive night vision deterioration over the past several years. The patient’s visual acuities were 20/100 with -2.00 spherical diopters (D) in the right eye and 20/80 with -2.50 spherical D in the left eye. Fundus examination of the patient demonstrated multiple bilateral, sharply defined, and scalloped areas of chorioretinal atrophy in the mid-peripheral zones (Figures 1&2). Fundus fluorescein angiography did not show any leakage even in late phases in both the eyes. The wide-field OCT scans of both eyes disclosed increased central macular thicknesses with widespread hyporeflective spaces separated by multiple linear bridging elements in the inner nuclear and inner plexiform layers, in addition to retinal defects at outer nuclear and outer plexiform layers. Moreover, elevated level of plasma ornithine (967 Mmol/L) was detected, establishing the diagnosis of Gyrate Atrophy (GA). Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina is a rare, genetically determined, autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by multiple, sharply demarcated, circular or oval areas of chorioretinal atrophy in the mid-periphery of the fundus, which are initially separate and later become confluent with increasing age1. Macular involvement has been reported in this disease and includes cystoid macular edema, epimacular membrane, macular hole, and choroidal neovascularization.2-4 Foveoschisis refers to splitting of the neurosensory retina, and is usually noted in highly myopic patients, Goldman-Favre Syndrome, and those with X-linked retinoschisis.5 However, the association of foveoschisis with gyrate atrophy is very rare. Herein, we report a 17 year-old female with an unusual appearance on fundus photography and Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT): bilateral GA concomitant with foveoschisis. (Figure 3 & 4) In this patient, examination revealed no specific findings such as optic pits, myopic degeneration with staphyloma, or vitreoretinal traction, and we presume that the foveoschisis might have been triggered by GA. Delhi J Ophthalmol 2017;28;58-9; Doi; http://dx.doi.org/10.7869/djo.295
{"title":"A Rare Association of Foveoschisis with Gyrate Atrophy","authors":"K. Tekin, Serdar Ozates, M. Y. Teke","doi":"10.7869/DJO.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/DJO.295","url":null,"abstract":"Case Description A 17 year-old female patient presented with complaints of sudden decrease in vision and central scotoma in both eyes, along with progressive night vision deterioration over the past several years. The patient’s visual acuities were 20/100 with -2.00 spherical diopters (D) in the right eye and 20/80 with -2.50 spherical D in the left eye. Fundus examination of the patient demonstrated multiple bilateral, sharply defined, and scalloped areas of chorioretinal atrophy in the mid-peripheral zones (Figures 1&2). Fundus fluorescein angiography did not show any leakage even in late phases in both the eyes. The wide-field OCT scans of both eyes disclosed increased central macular thicknesses with widespread hyporeflective spaces separated by multiple linear bridging elements in the inner nuclear and inner plexiform layers, in addition to retinal defects at outer nuclear and outer plexiform layers. Moreover, elevated level of plasma ornithine (967 Mmol/L) was detected, establishing the diagnosis of Gyrate Atrophy (GA). Gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina is a rare, genetically determined, autosomal recessive metabolic disorder characterized by multiple, sharply demarcated, circular or oval areas of chorioretinal atrophy in the mid-periphery of the fundus, which are initially separate and later become confluent with increasing age1. Macular involvement has been reported in this disease and includes cystoid macular edema, epimacular membrane, macular hole, and choroidal neovascularization.2-4 Foveoschisis refers to splitting of the neurosensory retina, and is usually noted in highly myopic patients, Goldman-Favre Syndrome, and those with X-linked retinoschisis.5 However, the association of foveoschisis with gyrate atrophy is very rare. Herein, we report a 17 year-old female with an unusual appearance on fundus photography and Spectralis optical coherence tomography (OCT): bilateral GA concomitant with foveoschisis. (Figure 3 & 4) In this patient, examination revealed no specific findings such as optic pits, myopic degeneration with staphyloma, or vitreoretinal traction, and we presume that the foveoschisis might have been triggered by GA. Delhi J Ophthalmol 2017;28;58-9; Doi; http://dx.doi.org/10.7869/djo.295","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75373833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Dhiman, Itika Garg, S. Aggarwal, R. Saxena, R. Tandon
Low vision and blindness are a growing health problem that adversely affects the quality of life of an individual. Low vision rehabilitation (LVR) is the process of restoring functional ability and improving quality of life and independence of a patient with low vision. Currently India is a home to around onethird to one-fourth of the world’s blind population. Lack of awareness about the low vision services are a major drawback in the rehabilitation of a low vision patient in our country. Thus, in this article we discuss about the methods of evaluation of a patient with low-vision and prescription of low vision aids.
{"title":"Low Vision Assessment and Rehabilitation","authors":"R. Dhiman, Itika Garg, S. Aggarwal, R. Saxena, R. Tandon","doi":"10.7869/djo.282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/djo.282","url":null,"abstract":"Low vision and blindness are a growing health problem that adversely affects the quality of life of an individual. Low vision rehabilitation (LVR) is the process of restoring functional ability and improving quality of life and independence of a patient with low vision. Currently India is a home to around onethird to one-fourth of the world’s blind population. Lack of awareness about the low vision services are a major drawback in the rehabilitation of a low vision patient in our country. Thus, in this article we discuss about the methods of evaluation of a patient with low-vision and prescription of low vision aids.","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73635840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nazia Parween, Surabhi Gupta, Surinder Kumar, K. Jain, P. Khosla, S. Kansal, W. Khan
Results:Out of 116 patients, 66 (56.90%) were males and 50 (43.10%) females. The mean age at presentation was 52.88±15.19 years. Primary open angle glaucoma was found to be the most common (54.0%) type, followed by primary angle closure glaucoma (41.0 %). The common group of drugs prescribed included beta blockers (38.12%), followed by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandin F2α analogues, α2 agonist and cholinergic agonist (14.36% each)
{"title":"Drug Utilization Study In Primary Glaucoma Patients Attending the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Nazia Parween, Surabhi Gupta, Surinder Kumar, K. Jain, P. Khosla, S. Kansal, W. Khan","doi":"10.7869/DJO.286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/DJO.286","url":null,"abstract":"Results:Out of 116 patients, 66 (56.90%) were males and 50 (43.10%) females. The mean age at presentation was 52.88±15.19 years. Primary open angle glaucoma was found to be the most common (54.0%) type, followed by primary angle closure glaucoma (41.0 %). The common group of drugs prescribed included beta blockers (38.12%), followed by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandin F2α analogues, α2 agonist and cholinergic agonist (14.36% each)","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78617216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report a case of right eye inferior rectus palsy following blow out fracture repair in a 11-yearold boy. The blow out fracture repair was done 2 weeks following trauma. On presentation, the patient was orthotropic in primary gaze with diplopia in downgaze. Cover test revealed (OD) hypertropia and (OS) hypotropia. Prism bar cover test showed maximum hypertropia in depression and dextrodepression. Diplopia charting also revealed maximum separation of images in dextrodepression. Computerized tomography was performed which suggested edema and thickening of (OD) inferior rectus muscle with no entrapment. The patient underwent (OS) 3mm inferior rectus recession and Faden operation (15mm), following which, he was diplopia free on post operative day1, at 1 and 6 months followup. Faden operation (posterior fixation suture) with or without inferior rectus recession of the other eye is a surgical option for inferior rectus palsy.
{"title":"Binocular Diplopia Treated with Inferior Rectus Recession and Faden Operation of The Normal Eye in a Case of Blow Out Fracture","authors":"Smita Kapoor, V. Prabu, S. Udayakumar","doi":"10.7869/djo.288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/djo.288","url":null,"abstract":"We report a case of right eye inferior rectus palsy following blow out fracture repair in a 11-yearold boy. The blow out fracture repair was done 2 weeks following trauma. On presentation, the patient was orthotropic in primary gaze with diplopia in downgaze. Cover test revealed (OD) hypertropia and (OS) hypotropia. Prism bar cover test showed maximum hypertropia in depression and dextrodepression. Diplopia charting also revealed maximum separation of images in dextrodepression. Computerized tomography was performed which suggested edema and thickening of (OD) inferior rectus muscle with no entrapment. The patient underwent (OS) 3mm inferior rectus recession and Faden operation (15mm), following which, he was diplopia free on post operative day1, at 1 and 6 months followup. Faden operation (posterior fixation suture) with or without inferior rectus recession of the other eye is a surgical option for inferior rectus palsy.","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83998072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Legal Liabilities and Duties of a Doctor: Part 1","authors":"Kirti Singh, Bhumika Sharma, Arshi Singh, A. Lal","doi":"10.7869/djo.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/djo.293","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77307177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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