The Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare congenital disorder involving the eye in the form of glaucoma and choroidal hemangioma, facial skin in the form of port wine stain, usually in the distribution of ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and the brain in the form of leptomeningeal angiomas. We report a rare case of 6 year-old girl with Sturge-Weber syndrome with bilateral port wine stain involving the ophthalmic and maxillary division of trigeminal nerve, unilateral intracranial involvement, bilateral glaucoma and abnormal retinal vasculature, without the presence of choroidal hemangioma.
{"title":"Bilateral Ocular and Facial with Unilateral Intracranial Involvement In Sturge Weber Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"M. Dube, Rashmi Kujur, S. Prajapati","doi":"10.7869/djo.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/djo.311","url":null,"abstract":"The Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare congenital disorder involving the eye in the form of glaucoma and choroidal hemangioma, facial skin in the form of port wine stain, usually in the distribution of ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve, and the brain in the form of leptomeningeal angiomas. We report a rare case of 6 year-old girl with Sturge-Weber syndrome with bilateral port wine stain involving the ophthalmic and maxillary division of trigeminal nerve, unilateral intracranial involvement, bilateral glaucoma and abnormal retinal vasculature, without the presence of choroidal hemangioma.","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85808038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sajeev Cherian Jacob, Isiri Revanasiddappa, T. Vaishnavi, C. Antony, Venkataramana Kalikivay
Purpose:- Normal microfloras of conjunctival sac can flourish and be the potential cause for postoperative intraocular infections. Precautions and measures have to be taken to prevent acute postoperative endophthalmitis, which is a challenge to treat, and has poor visual outcome. Hence this study was done to assess the sensitivity of commonly used topical antibiotics like chloramphenicol and moxifloxacin. Material & Methods:- During the period of 10 months, 727 patients were included in the study that were either planned for intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF or were undergoing cataract surgery in a tertiary eye hospital. Conjunctival swabs were obtained, subjected to standard aerobic culture, along with identification techniques and antibiotic sensitivity evaluation was done. All collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel and statistical analysis was performed. Results:- Out of 727 conjunctival swabs, 13 (1.7 %) conjunctival swabs showed microbial growth. The most common organism was found to be staphylococcus epidermidis. Microbial culture and antibiotic sensitivity revealed that only 5 conjunctival swabs (38%) showed sensitivity to moxifloxacin, whereas chloramphenicol showed sensitivity in 11 conjunctival swabs (85%). The antibiotic sensitivity reports of inhibition zone for moxifloxacin and chloramphenicol were compared using paired t test and showed that bacteria were more sensitive to chloramphenicol than moxifloxacin with p value of 0.00. Conclusion:- The results of this study suggest that topical chloramphenicol was found to be more sensitive as compared to topical moxifloxacin. Hence, it is wise to choose the cheaper and more effective topical chloramphenicol over moxifloxacin. Abstract is the most common cause of post-intravitreal anti-VEGF injection endophthalmitis. 3 Recently, increasing number of cases are occurring after intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) medication due to a dramatic increase in the number of injections annually. 4 Indian studies have found that the major pathogens causing acute postoperative endophthalmitis include coagulase-negative staphylococci (70%), Staphylococcus aureus (10%), and Streptococci (9%), which matches with the western data as well. Precautions and measures have to be taken to prevent acute postoperative endophthalmitis, which is a challenge to treat, and has a poor visual outcome. Pre-operative precaution for eye surgeries includes 24 hours preoperative instillation of topical antibiotics, for which we should be aware which antibiotic is sensitive for the most common organisms found in the microflora of the conjunctival sac. 5 study normal ocular
{"title":"Preoperative Conjunctival Swab Analyses for Chloramphenicol and Moxifloxacin in Normal Ocular Commensals","authors":"Sajeev Cherian Jacob, Isiri Revanasiddappa, T. Vaishnavi, C. Antony, Venkataramana Kalikivay","doi":"10.7869/djo.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/djo.307","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose:- Normal microfloras of conjunctival sac can flourish and be the potential cause for postoperative intraocular infections. Precautions and measures have to be taken to prevent acute postoperative endophthalmitis, which is a challenge to treat, and has poor visual outcome. Hence this study was done to assess the sensitivity of commonly used topical antibiotics like chloramphenicol and moxifloxacin. Material & Methods:- During the period of 10 months, 727 patients were included in the study that were either planned for intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF or were undergoing cataract surgery in a tertiary eye hospital. Conjunctival swabs were obtained, subjected to standard aerobic culture, along with identification techniques and antibiotic sensitivity evaluation was done. All collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel and statistical analysis was performed. Results:- Out of 727 conjunctival swabs, 13 (1.7 %) conjunctival swabs showed microbial growth. The most common organism was found to be staphylococcus epidermidis. Microbial culture and antibiotic sensitivity revealed that only 5 conjunctival swabs (38%) showed sensitivity to moxifloxacin, whereas chloramphenicol showed sensitivity in 11 conjunctival swabs (85%). The antibiotic sensitivity reports of inhibition zone for moxifloxacin and chloramphenicol were compared using paired t test and showed that bacteria were more sensitive to chloramphenicol than moxifloxacin with p value of 0.00. Conclusion:- The results of this study suggest that topical chloramphenicol was found to be more sensitive as compared to topical moxifloxacin. Hence, it is wise to choose the cheaper and more effective topical chloramphenicol over moxifloxacin. Abstract is the most common cause of post-intravitreal anti-VEGF injection endophthalmitis. 3 Recently, increasing number of cases are occurring after intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) medication due to a dramatic increase in the number of injections annually. 4 Indian studies have found that the major pathogens causing acute postoperative endophthalmitis include coagulase-negative staphylococci (70%), Staphylococcus aureus (10%), and Streptococci (9%), which matches with the western data as well. Precautions and measures have to be taken to prevent acute postoperative endophthalmitis, which is a challenge to treat, and has a poor visual outcome. Pre-operative precaution for eye surgeries includes 24 hours preoperative instillation of topical antibiotics, for which we should be aware which antibiotic is sensitive for the most common organisms found in the microflora of the conjunctival sac. 5 study normal ocular","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83989569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Legal Liabilities and Duties of a Doctor: Part 2","authors":"Kirti Singh, Bhumika Sharma, Arshi Singh, A. Lal","doi":"10.7869/djo.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/djo.314","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76227644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahendra Kumar Jangir, A. Kochar, Nabab Khan, M. Jaju
Purpose:- To analyze the demography and relative frequency and to compare the clinical diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis of eyelid tumours at a tertiary care centre in North-West Rajasthan. Methods:- Retrospective data of patients with eyelid tumours from June 2012 to June 2014 and prospective data of patients from July 2014 to December 2016 were analyzed. Data were collected and stratified based on age, gender, type and subtype, location of tumour and histopathological diagnosis. Results:- A total of 125 patients were evaluated, of which, 54.4% (68) were male and 45.6% (57) were female. The mean age of the patients was 37.28+21.75 years. Out of the total cases, 108 (86.4%) cases were benign and 17 (13.60%) were malignant eyelid tumours. The most common benign tumour included epidermal cyst (21.3%), demoid cyst (13.89%), intradermal naevus (12.03%) and haemangioma (12.03%). The most frequent malignant tumours included sebaceous gland carcinoma (47%), basal cell carcinoma (29%) and squamous cell carcinoma (24%). Conclusion:- Epidermal cyst was the most common benign tumour followed by demoid cyst, intradermal naevus and haemangioma and sebaceous gland carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour, followed by basal and squamous cell carcinoma.
{"title":"Profile of Eyelid Tumours: Histopathological Examination and Relative Frequency At A Tertiary Centre In North–West Rajasthan","authors":"Mahendra Kumar Jangir, A. Kochar, Nabab Khan, M. Jaju","doi":"10.7869/DJO.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/DJO.305","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose:- To analyze the demography and relative frequency and to compare the clinical diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis of eyelid tumours at a tertiary care centre in North-West Rajasthan. Methods:- Retrospective data of patients with eyelid tumours from June 2012 to June 2014 and prospective data of patients from July 2014 to December 2016 were analyzed. Data were collected and stratified based on age, gender, type and subtype, location of tumour and histopathological diagnosis. Results:- A total of 125 patients were evaluated, of which, 54.4% (68) were male and 45.6% (57) were female. The mean age of the patients was 37.28+21.75 years. Out of the total cases, 108 (86.4%) cases were benign and 17 (13.60%) were malignant eyelid tumours. The most common benign tumour included epidermal cyst (21.3%), demoid cyst (13.89%), intradermal naevus (12.03%) and haemangioma (12.03%). The most frequent malignant tumours included sebaceous gland carcinoma (47%), basal cell carcinoma (29%) and squamous cell carcinoma (24%). Conclusion:- Epidermal cyst was the most common benign tumour followed by demoid cyst, intradermal naevus and haemangioma and sebaceous gland carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour, followed by basal and squamous cell carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80117340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prescription of spectacles in children depends on the individual need of the child and other associated factors like strabismus and amblyopia. Several guidelines have been published to help ophthalmologists when prescribing optical correction in infants and children, including the publication by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. The purpose of this paper is to reassess and review the guidelines to assist the clinician in deciding when to prescribe spectacles in children, and the amount of refractive error which should be corrected, with a view to fulfilling the particular clinical requirements of each child.
儿童眼镜的处方取决于儿童的个人需要和其他相关因素，如斜视和弱视。美国眼科学会(American Academy of Ophthalmology)出版了一些指导方针，以帮助眼科医生在为婴儿和儿童开具视力矫正处方时提供帮助。本文的目的是重新评估和审查指导方针，以帮助临床医生决定何时给儿童配戴眼镜，以及应该矫正的屈光不正程度，以满足每个儿童的特定临床要求。
{"title":"Paediatric Spectacle Prescription","authors":"Wangchuk Doma, Abhishek Dagar","doi":"10.7869/djo.303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/djo.303","url":null,"abstract":"The prescription of spectacles in children depends on the individual need of the child and other associated factors like strabismus and amblyopia. Several guidelines have been published to help ophthalmologists when prescribing optical correction in infants and children, including the publication by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. The purpose of this paper is to reassess and review the guidelines to assist the clinician in deciding when to prescribe spectacles in children, and the amount of refractive error which should be corrected, with a view to fulfilling the particular clinical requirements of each child.","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88890331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
secured over the tube with four 9/0 nylon interrupted buried sutures. A 6×4-mm-free conjunctival autograft was obtained Glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) remain an effective option for management of refractory glaucoma. However, GDD surgery is not without its complications, including conjunctival erosion and patch graft thinning, to name a few, leading to tube exposure eventually. In our case the patient had various ocular risk factors for tube exposure, thus we used multiple treatment options to prevent recurrent exposure and subsequent complications. A 42 year old lady presented with complaint of sudden decrease in right eye vision, following blunt trauma. On examination, she was found to have retinal detachment in the right eye. She underwent retinal detachment surgery with 360o scleral buckling. She developed intractable glaucoma following surgery, for which Ahmed Glaucoma Valve was implanted after scleral buckle removal. She had two instances of tube exposure. The first was managed with direct conjuctival closure. For the second, a scleral patch graft was used, which was covered with conjunctiva from the inferior fornix and amniotic membrane secured over it. She was on a course of tablet doxycycline 100mg / day, for 2 months. One and a half years after surgery there are no further incidents of tube exposure with well controlled intraocular pressure. Erosion of the drainage tube after shunt surgery is a potentially serious problem. While many techniques and materials are successfully used to address this situation, further studies are required to determine the best repair method. Abstract medical therapy. An Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV; model FP7, New World Medical, LA) was implanted in the right eye after scleral buckle removal to
用四根9/0尼龙缝合线固定在管子上。青光眼引流装置(GDD)仍然是治疗难治性青光眼的有效选择。然而，GDD手术并非没有并发症，包括结膜糜烂和移植片变薄，仅举几例，最终导致管暴露。在我们的病例中，患者有多种眼部暴露的危险因素，因此我们使用多种治疗方案来防止复发暴露和随后的并发症。一位42岁的女士，在钝器外伤后右眼视力突然下降。经检查，发现右眼视网膜脱离。她接受了视网膜脱离手术和360度巩膜屈曲。手术后，她患上了顽固性青光眼，在巩膜扣去除后植入了Ahmed青光眼瓣膜。她有两次导管暴露。第一个是通过直接的结合体来处理的。第二种是巩膜片移植，巩膜片覆盖下穹窿结膜，并在其上固定羊膜。给予强力霉素片剂100mg /天，疗程2个月。手术后一年半，眼压控制良好，再无管暴露事件发生。分流手术后引流管的腐蚀是一个潜在的严重问题。虽然许多技术和材料已经成功地用于解决这种情况，但需要进一步的研究来确定最佳的修复方法。摘要医学治疗。Ahmed青光眼瓣膜;模型FP7 (New World Medical, LA)在去除巩膜扣后植入右眼
{"title":"Management of Recurrent Tube Exposure in A Challenging Scenario","authors":"M. Menon, Aditi Singh, Anand Balasubramaniyam","doi":"10.7869/DJO.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/DJO.310","url":null,"abstract":"secured over the tube with four 9/0 nylon interrupted buried sutures. A 6×4-mm-free conjunctival autograft was obtained Glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) remain an effective option for management of refractory glaucoma. However, GDD surgery is not without its complications, including conjunctival erosion and patch graft thinning, to name a few, leading to tube exposure eventually. In our case the patient had various ocular risk factors for tube exposure, thus we used multiple treatment options to prevent recurrent exposure and subsequent complications. A 42 year old lady presented with complaint of sudden decrease in right eye vision, following blunt trauma. On examination, she was found to have retinal detachment in the right eye. She underwent retinal detachment surgery with 360o scleral buckling. She developed intractable glaucoma following surgery, for which Ahmed Glaucoma Valve was implanted after scleral buckle removal. She had two instances of tube exposure. The first was managed with direct conjuctival closure. For the second, a scleral patch graft was used, which was covered with conjunctiva from the inferior fornix and amniotic membrane secured over it. She was on a course of tablet doxycycline 100mg / day, for 2 months. One and a half years after surgery there are no further incidents of tube exposure with well controlled intraocular pressure. Erosion of the drainage tube after shunt surgery is a potentially serious problem. While many techniques and materials are successfully used to address this situation, further studies are required to determine the best repair method. Abstract medical therapy. An Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV; model FP7, New World Medical, LA) was implanted in the right eye after scleral buckle removal to","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90413476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Medical Research in India: Are We There Yet?","authors":"B. Chawla","doi":"10.7869/djo.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/djo.301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73345939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite significant advances in the field of Ophthalmology, childhood blindness remains a major challenge and a cause of worry for ophthalmologists the world over. The magnitude of the problem is compounded in resource-limited countries such as India where the number of patients may be very high and the system is not designed well enough to suit the needs of the entire population. In India, more than 20% children may be visually impaired.1 This poses a challenge to the system; appropriate care and follow-up of these children requires significant dedication, skill and clinical resources, some of which may be scarce in our country.2 In the index editorial, we have summed up our experiences in pediatric cataract surgery from a large tertiary eye care center, and report the challenges that still need to be tackled in the present times.
{"title":"An Update on Pediatric Cataract Surgery: Where Are We Today?","authors":"A. Agarwal, J. Ram","doi":"10.7869/DJO.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/DJO.302","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant advances in the field of Ophthalmology, childhood blindness remains a major challenge and a cause of worry for ophthalmologists the world over. The magnitude of the problem is compounded in resource-limited countries such as India where the number of patients may be very high and the system is not designed well enough to suit the needs of the entire population. In India, more than 20% children may be visually impaired.1 This poses a challenge to the system; appropriate care and follow-up of these children requires significant dedication, skill and clinical resources, some of which may be scarce in our country.2 In the index editorial, we have summed up our experiences in pediatric cataract surgery from a large tertiary eye care center, and report the challenges that still need to be tackled in the present times.","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80939135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Hyperbaric Oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been used for centuries by physicians and surgeons but only recently, it has been used to treat ophthalmic disorders. Treatment of ophthalmic disorders is an off label use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Having been tried in a large number of animal experiments and clinical trials, the HBOT is now gaining acceptance by the medical fraternity and is being utilised for a variety of systemic and ocular diseases. This form of therapy is given in a device called Hyperbaric chamber. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been defined by Committee on hyperbaric medicine, Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Society, as breathing 100% oxygen at a pressure greater than one atmosphere absolute(ATA).1 The concept of breathing oxygen under pressure is old, as, in 1662, Henshaw a British clergyman, used organ bellows to change the atmospheric pressure in a sealed chamber called the Domiciliumin, in which both hyperbaric and hypobaric environments could be created. He used it for promoting good health and for treating diseases.2 Almost two centuries later, hyperbaric therapy was revived in France by a French physicians Junod (1834) and later by Pravaz (1837) to treat pulmonary and a variety of other diseases. In 1879, Fontaine performed surgeries in a pressurised mobile operating room.3 However, HBOT use was not substantiated by any evidence or scientific proof. In 1860, it was introduced in North America by Dr Orville J Cunningham who started treating Spanish Influenza cases in the hyperbaric chamber. In 1928, he built a five story high steel sphere, 68 feet in diameter with 12 bedrooms containing all amenities of a good hotel. A variety of diseases were treated in this “hotel” but was dismantled in 1937 lack due to lack of scientific evidence for the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.4 In 1930s, the US navy began using hyperbaric oxygen therapy for treating decompression sickness. The biggest boost to using hyperbaric oxygen therapy came from Netherlands with Boerema’s work on animals which was so successful that a large operating hyperbaric chamber was built in Amsterdam to conduct complicated heart and lung surgeries. Boerema and his team successfully treated clostridial myonecrosis and severe anemia in pigs.5 Another luminary who contributed immensely in the uses of hyperbaric oxygen therapy is Richard A. Neubauer, who opened the Ocean Hyperbaric Neurologic center in Lauderdale by the Sea, for treating patients with central nervous system disorders. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been used for centuries but it has been accorded more scientific reasoning only recently. Ophthalmic applications of this therapy is an off label use of hyperbaric oxygen but results of its use in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion and many other devastating ocular infections is paving the way for increasing acceptability by ophthalmologists. Recent protocols of therapy are being enunciated and safer hyperbaric chambers are being manufactured to hel
高压氧治疗(HBOT)已经被内科医生和外科医生使用了几个世纪，但直到最近，它才被用于治疗眼科疾病。眼科疾病的治疗是标签外使用高压氧治疗。经过大量的动物实验和临床试验，HBOT现已得到医学界的认可，并被用于治疗各种全身和眼部疾病。这种形式的治疗是在一种叫做高压氧室的设备中进行的。高压氧疗法被海底和高压氧医学学会高压氧医学委员会定义为在大于一个大气压(ATA)的压力下呼吸100%的氧气在压力下呼吸氧气的概念很古老，因为在1662年，英国牧师亨肖(Henshaw)使用风琴风箱来改变一个被称为“住所”(Domiciliumin)的密封室中的气压，在这个密封室中可以创造出高压和低压环境。他用它来促进身体健康和治疗疾病大约两个世纪后，高压疗法在法国由一位法国医生Junod(1834年)和Pravaz(1837年)复兴，用于治疗肺部和各种其他疾病。1879年，方丹在一个加压的移动手术室里做手术然而，HBOT的使用没有任何证据或科学证明。1860年，奥维尔·J·坎宁安(Orville J Cunningham)博士将其引入北美，他开始在高压氧舱中治疗西班牙流感病例。1928年，他建造了一个五层楼高的钢球，直径68英尺，有12间卧室，包括一个好酒店的所有设施。在这个“旅馆”里治疗各种疾病，但由于缺乏使用高压氧治疗的科学证据，于1937年被拆除20世纪30年代，美国海军开始使用高压氧疗法治疗减压病。使用高压氧疗法的最大推动来自荷兰，Boerema在动物身上的工作非常成功，以至于在阿姆斯特丹建造了一个大型的操作高压氧室，用于进行复杂的心肺手术。Boerema和他的团队成功地治疗了猪的梭状肌坏死和严重贫血另一位对高压氧疗法的应用做出巨大贡献的杰出人士是理查德·a·纽鲍尔(Richard A. Neubauer)，他在海边的劳德代尔开设了海洋高压氧神经学中心，治疗中枢神经系统疾病患者。高压氧疗法已经使用了几个世纪，但直到最近才被赋予更科学的理由。该疗法的眼科应用是标签外使用高压氧，但其在视网膜中央动脉闭塞和许多其他破坏性眼部感染中的应用结果为眼科医生增加可接受性铺平了道路。最近的治疗方案正在阐明，更安全的高压氧舱正在制造，以帮助患者和医生使用这种尚未充分利用的治疗方式。
{"title":"Hyperbaric Chamber and Its Ophthalmic Applications","authors":"S. Patyal","doi":"10.7869/DJO.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/DJO.313","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Hyperbaric Oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been used for centuries by physicians and surgeons but only recently, it has been used to treat ophthalmic disorders. Treatment of ophthalmic disorders is an off label use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Having been tried in a large number of animal experiments and clinical trials, the HBOT is now gaining acceptance by the medical fraternity and is being utilised for a variety of systemic and ocular diseases. This form of therapy is given in a device called Hyperbaric chamber. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been defined by Committee on hyperbaric medicine, Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine Society, as breathing 100% oxygen at a pressure greater than one atmosphere absolute(ATA).1 The concept of breathing oxygen under pressure is old, as, in 1662, Henshaw a British clergyman, used organ bellows to change the atmospheric pressure in a sealed chamber called the Domiciliumin, in which both hyperbaric and hypobaric environments could be created. He used it for promoting good health and for treating diseases.2 Almost two centuries later, hyperbaric therapy was revived in France by a French physicians Junod (1834) and later by Pravaz (1837) to treat pulmonary and a variety of other diseases. In 1879, Fontaine performed surgeries in a pressurised mobile operating room.3 However, HBOT use was not substantiated by any evidence or scientific proof. In 1860, it was introduced in North America by Dr Orville J Cunningham who started treating Spanish Influenza cases in the hyperbaric chamber. In 1928, he built a five story high steel sphere, 68 feet in diameter with 12 bedrooms containing all amenities of a good hotel. A variety of diseases were treated in this “hotel” but was dismantled in 1937 lack due to lack of scientific evidence for the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.4 In 1930s, the US navy began using hyperbaric oxygen therapy for treating decompression sickness. The biggest boost to using hyperbaric oxygen therapy came from Netherlands with Boerema’s work on animals which was so successful that a large operating hyperbaric chamber was built in Amsterdam to conduct complicated heart and lung surgeries. Boerema and his team successfully treated clostridial myonecrosis and severe anemia in pigs.5 Another luminary who contributed immensely in the uses of hyperbaric oxygen therapy is Richard A. Neubauer, who opened the Ocean Hyperbaric Neurologic center in Lauderdale by the Sea, for treating patients with central nervous system disorders. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has been used for centuries but it has been accorded more scientific reasoning only recently. Ophthalmic applications of this therapy is an off label use of hyperbaric oxygen but results of its use in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion and many other devastating ocular infections is paving the way for increasing acceptability by ophthalmologists. Recent protocols of therapy are being enunciated and safer hyperbaric chambers are being manufactured to hel","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73359468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Results:The overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 17.4%, out of which, 55.17% were males and 44.8% females. 91.9% had non proliferative diabetic retinopathy among which, 51.7% had mild, 35.6% moderate and 4.6% severe retinopathy, whereas 8% patients had proliferative diabetic retinopathy. 14% were observed to be suffering from macular edema which on further classification showed as 42.8% mild, 31.4% moderate and 25.71% severe edema. 1.5% diabetic patients developed retinopathy after five years and 30.6% developed after more than 20 years.
{"title":"Prevalence Of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital In Sikkim","authors":"K. Bhutia, N. Lomi, S. Bhutia","doi":"10.7869/DJO.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7869/DJO.306","url":null,"abstract":"Results:The overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 17.4%, out of which, 55.17% were males and 44.8% females. 91.9% had non proliferative diabetic retinopathy among which, 51.7% had mild, 35.6% moderate and 4.6% severe retinopathy, whereas 8% patients had proliferative diabetic retinopathy. 14% were observed to be suffering from macular edema which on further classification showed as 42.8% mild, 31.4% moderate and 25.71% severe edema. 1.5% diabetic patients developed retinopathy after five years and 30.6% developed after more than 20 years.","PeriodicalId":23047,"journal":{"name":"The Official Scientific Journal of Delhi Ophthalmological Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79530821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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