Tierarztliche Praxis最新文献

In this paper preventive liver protective agents for the prophylaxis of hepatopathies due to functional stress, and curative protective agents for therapy of existing liver damage are distinguished. Preventive liver protective agents are key substances in the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and sulfur. For curative liver protective agents, inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis, calcium antagonists and inhibitors of sulfhydryl (-SH) containing enzymes are proposed and substantiated.

The aim of this study was to check the earliest time for the ultrasonic pregnancy diagnosis in flock management of sheep after finishing the mating season. Therefore a transcutaneous pregnancy diagnosis (5 MHz) took place on a total of 1060 German merino-mutton sheep between day 10 and 90 after mating (a.m.) and a transrectal diagnosis (5 MHz) took place on a total of 1442 German merino-mutton sheep between day 10 and 70 a.m. At the beginning of the third week a.m. the accuracy of transrectal diagnosis was over 95% and increased to 100% on day 35 a.m. At that time the accuracy of transcutaneous diagnosis was 80% and reached 100% on day 60 a.m. Considering the reached accuracies the pregnancy diagnosis should not take place before day 35 after the end of the breeding season. After day 35 a.m. it is advisable to combine the transcutaneous and the transrectal pregnancy diagnosis. That means that at first all animals are examined by transcutaneous sonography and in the second step the so-called "non-pregnant sheep" are checked by transrectal ultrasound. From the beginning of the third month a.m. a single transcutaneous pregnancy diagnosis is sufficient.

Construction of a largely realistic and flexible calf-dummy for the instruction and practice of veterinary obstetrical procedures is described. The most important steps are presented in detail and illustrated by means of figures. The fundamental materials include: threaded rods, artificial metal joints, hard foam with a coating of soft foam rubber for neck and trunk, a flexible metal tube filled with silicone to imitate the vertebral column and silicone acetate injected into moulds to form the limb segments and the head. The natural skin, which had been specially tanned in order to retain its elasticity, was sewed over the flexible dummy. Adherence to the original proportions and a realistic replication of the limb joints ensured that the flexibility and movement of the dummy approaches that of an original calf.

In this epidemiological study of endoparasites 37 donkeys and 23 horses were included, which were examined coproscopically in regular intervals over a 15 month period. The animals derived from ten farms, in which regular prophylactic treatments with anthelmintics had been practiced at least for two years before this investigation. This study revealed the presence of at least twelve parasite species in donkeys, Eimeria leuckarti, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Fasciola hepatica, Anoplocephala perfoliata, Strongyloides westeri, Parascaris equorum, Dictyocaulus arnfieldi, Trichostrongylus axei and small strongyles, whose third stage larvae were characterized by eight, twelve, 16 or 18 intestinal cells. At least four parasite species were established in horses, E. leuckarti, G. intestinalis, P. equorum and small strongyles, whose third stage larvae were provided with eight intestinal cells. Infections with E. leuckarti, S. westeri and P. equorum were encountered in foals only and with D. arnfieldi in 16.2% of the donkeys. Incidences for small strongyles were highest, exhibiting neither age- and farm-dependent nor host species-dependent differences and amounting to 91.9% in donkey and 86.6% in horses. Considering all donkeys and horses, 35.1% and 43.5%, respectively, were infected at least with two, and 29.7% and 4.3%, respectively, with three parasite species. The species composition of the endoparasite fauna was always dominated by small strongyles. This field study indicates that the species composition of the endoparasite fauna in comparison to former investigations has not or only slightly changed in spite of widespread use of broad-spectrum anthelmintics for years. In addition, it has to be considered that donkeys continue to act as reservoir of D. arnfieldi and as source of infection for horses.

Plasma viscosity (PV) was examined in healthy (n = 122) and sick (n = 58) dogs. The mean value of PV in healthy adult dogs is 1.22 mPas. PV is remarkably increased in case of illness. In dogs with chronic heart failure the mean value was 1.46 mPas. Patients suffering from uraemia or pyometra revealed mean values of 1.90 mPas and 1.96 mPas respectively. An elevation of the PV is correlated with an increase of the "acute-phase-proteins". The examination of PV is useful for a better assessment of microcirculation. The PV is a parameter, which is important in diagnostics as well as in follow-up during special therapeutical procedures.

A three-year-old female pug dog was euthanized because of recurrent seizures. Pathological examination revealed severe multifocal necrosis confined to the cerebrum. Histologically, areas of malacia of different stages, with prominent gitter cell infiltration were observed. Furthermore, there was severe rarefication resulting in cavities separated by tissue bridges and blood vessels. In the adjacent tissue and in the meninges a moderate to severe non-purulent meningoencephalitis was evident. The lesions are consistent with those reported for pug dog encephalitis (PDE). In the present paper, the first case of PDE in Germany is described and an overview of the clinical symptoms, the neuropathological findings of this etiologically unknown disease, the differential diagnoses and the possible pathogenesis is given.

Transrectal ultrasonography was performed on 63 ewes (four breeds) to determine the earliest day at which pregnancy, the first embryo, the number of embryos, the embryonal heartbeat and placentoms could be detected. The ewes were examined at intervals of two to three days on day 12/13 to 30 post breeding. An Aloka SSD 500 ultrasound unit was used with a 5-Mhz probe. The diagnosis of the pregnant ewes took place on day 17.6 +/- 1.8 p.c. The first embryo was detected on day 20.5 +/- 1.9 p.c., but not all of the embryos were counted accurately until day 26. The heartbeat of the embryos was detected on day 22.9 +/- 2.9 p.c. and placentoms on day 27.6 +/- 2.4 p.c. The influence of the breed on the results will be discussed. The proportion of sheep with a loss of embryos was 24.6% (partial loss of embryos 18.0%, total loss of embryos 6.6%). In conclusion, transrectal ultrasound is a good method to describe the early pregnancy in sheep.

Though the application of the toxic heavy metal cadmium is reduced, its concentration in soil and in feed still increases. Especially smoking habits and unbalanced diets cause cadmium intake in humans beyond the limits suggested by WHO. One possibility to reduce cadmium burden is to influence the bioavailability of cadmium in the feed by certain vitamins, trace elements and other feed components and thus to lower its content in food from animal origin. In the present study the influence of vitamin C and phytase on the bioavailability of cadmium was investigated in broiler chicken. It was shown that 1 g vitamin C per kg of feed lowered cadmium accumulation in kidney and in liver by up to 40%. Addition of phytase, a new feeding enzyme, licensed in 1992 in Germany for improving phosphate utilization from phytate, lowered cadmium accumulation by up to 60%. Therefore the addition of these two components to the feed lowers the cadmium burden in food from animal origin and thus increases its quality.

This paper reports on a case of cutaneous myiasis due to Cordylobia anthropophaga in a dog imported from Cameroon to Germany. An account is given of the biology and ecology of this skin maggot fly as well as the clinics, diagnosis and treatment of the cutaneous myiasis are reviewed.