Tierarztliche Praxis最新文献

Using the Stephens anaesthetic apparatus-which is a closed system with an in-circuit, nonprecision vaporizer-and isoflurane as anaesthetic gas, 18 rabbits were anaesthetized and showed sufficient hypnosis, analgesia, and muscle relaxation during bone surgery. Induction of anaesthesia was achieved with intravenous propofol and all rabbits were intubated afterwards. During the following isoflurane inhalation anaesthesia the mean arterial blood pressure decreased considerably (compared to control measures before induction), the heart rate remained the same or showed a slight increase, and the respiratory rate decreased. The arterial pO2 decreased corresponding to the respiratory depression after propofol induction and increased again during spontaneous ventilation with 100% oxygen. The changes in arterial pCO2 and pH were representative for a rise in the CO2-stimulation threshold. A moderate metabolic acidosis could be seen due to preanaesthetic excitement of the animals. Recovery time was short (between one and 11 minutes) and no signs of excitation could be detected. The consumed volume of isoflurane was 0.80 ml/kg BW/h.

A case of chylothorax caused by fracture of thoracal vertebrae in a two-day-old Swiss Braunvieh male calf ist described. The clinical symptoms were those of a unilateral, progressive pleural effusion. This was confirmed by radiological and ultrasonographic examinations. Thoracocentesis was performed under ultrasonographic assistance. The liquid obtained from the pleural cavity was turbid and contained chylomicrons, lymphocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes as well as a high concentration of triglycerides. These qualities go together with chylus. Immunohistological examination for BVD virus turned out to be positive. An intrauterine disturbance of osteogenesis due to BVD virus must be considered a possible cause for fracture of vertebrae during delivery.

Serum creatinine and protein are age dependent in the dog as well as in the cat. The differences require consideration of special reference values in young animals. In contrast, the mean value of serum bilirubin shows only a slight, but significant dependency on age in dogs, which is not of diagnostic importance.

Data on the number of animals used in experiments are compared with data on meat consumption. The usefulness of laboratory animals for past achievements in biological sciences is presented. The negative effect of the rather disapproving attitude of the general public and the restrictive Animal Protection Law on Germany as a place of science is demonstrated in the general decrease of the number of registrated scientific projects. Some psychological reasons for the widespread disapproval of animal experiments are listed. The arguments of the opponents and supporters of animal experiments are confronted. Finally, the limits of so-called alternative methods are briefly mentioned and some proposals to ameliorate the keeping conditions of laboratory animals are enumerated.

In this study, changes in hemodynamic, blood gas, and metabolic variables recorded during right lateral and dorsal recumbency in beagles anaesthetised with thiopental are presented. Other than reported in human beings, dorsal recumbency in these dogs resulted in an increase (33%) in heart rate, decrease (30%) in systolic, diastolic, and mean systemic arterial pressure, a decrease (17%) in systemic vascular resistance, and a decrease in both right (31%) and left (39%) ventricular work in comparison with lateral recumbency. Furthermore, mixed-venous PO2, oxygen saturation and respiratory quotient were lower in dorsal than in lateral recumbency while O2 consumption and lipolysis were increased in the former. The changes presented may have been caused by beta-adrenergic stimulation in dorsal recumbency. It needs to be studied if capillary perfusion can be maintained adequately during surgery in dorsal recumbency or if this predisposes to cardiovascular shock.

The presentation of small animals and exotic pets (birds, reptiles) in veterinary practice is increasing. Physiological and ethological variations demand specific precautions in restraining/ anesthetizing these patients. In Psittacines hypoglycemia, hypoxia and hypothermia are typical side-effects. Long-acting recovery control in birds and reptiles is necessary.

In hair samples from the accompanying equipment of a human mummy preserved in glacial ice in South Tyrol for more than 5000 years, numerous remains of insects were found. These fragments corresponded in form, size and structural organization to the features of the deer ked, Lipoptena cervi. Considering the biology and ecology of L. cervi with regard to the finding place of the mummy at an altitude of 3210 m above sea level in a glacier it is concluded that the deer keds invaded the equipment before and not after the death of the Stone Age man.

The present study compares the results of an intraarticular ("over-the-top") and an extraarticular (fascia lata imbrication) surgical method to treat the rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in dogs. In a period of 18 months, 132 stifle joints of 125 dogs with a partial or complete rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament were examined according to a systematic protocol at the Clinic for Small Animals of the Hannover School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany. Surgery was performed with either one or the other of the two surgical techniques. In all cases a " cleaning up " was carried out. If the medial meniscus was damaged, it was resected and the lesion was investigated. The imbrication technique of the lateral aspect of the fascia lata was easier and faster to perform. Using the "over-the-top" method, there were difficulties to guide the fascial strip through the intercondylar notch. After six months 88 patients were re-examined clinically and radiologically according to the same protocol as mentioned above. In the present study it was demonstrated that patients treated with the extraarticular method showed a higher rate (76.5%) of normal limb function after six months and walked earlier without lameness compared with dogs operated with the "over-the-top" technique (41.5%). The same results were valid for patients of giant breeds. Patients operated with the imbrication technique showed more arthrosis of the patellar tip. After six months stability, evaluated with the cranial drawer test and the tibia compression test was satisfying with both techniques.

Using a new aggregometer, the plasma activity of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in dogs was measured. The method is described. It has the advantage of being more precisely for the diagnosis of von Willebrand's disease than the determination of von Willebrand antigen (vWF: Ag) by using an ELISA. With the method described reproducible and reliable result can be obtained.