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Toxicity studies of acetoin and 2,3-pentanedione administered by inhalation to Wistar Han [Crl:WI(Han)] rats and B6C3F1/N mice. 以吸入方式给 Wistar Han [Crl:WI(Han)] 大鼠和 B6C3F1/N 小鼠注射乙炔和 2,3- 戊二酮的毒性研究。
Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.22427/NTP-TOX-98

Acetoin and 2,3-pentanedione are highly volatile components of artificial butter flavoring (ABF). Concerns over the inhalation toxicity of these compounds originate from the association between occupational exposures to ABF and adverse fibrotic lung effects, specifically obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) in the distal airways. 2,3-Pentanedione has been used as a replacement for 2,3-butanedione (diacetyl) in some ABF due to concerns about the respiratory toxicity of 2,3-butanedione. However, 2,3-pentanedione is structurally similar to 2,3-butanedione and has been shown to exhibit potency similar to 2,3-butanedione regarding airway toxicity following acute inhalation (whole-body) exposure. This report describes a series of studies to evaluate the 2-week inhalation toxicity of acetoin and the 3-month inhalation toxicity of acetoin and 2,3-pentanedione. (Abstract Abridged).

乙酰丙酮和 2,3-戊二酮是人工黄油香精(ABF)中的高挥发性成分。人们之所以担心这些化合物的吸入毒性,是因为职业性接触 ABF 与肺部纤维化不良反应(特别是远端气道的阻塞性支气管炎 (OB))之间存在关联。由于担心 2,3-丁二酮的呼吸毒性,一些 ABF 已使用 2,3-戊二酮替代 2,3-丁二酮(二乙酰基)。不过,2,3-戊二酮在结构上与 2,3-丁二酮相似,而且在急性吸入(全身)接触后,其气道毒性与 2,3-丁二酮相似。本报告介绍了一系列研究,以评估乙炔醛 2 周吸入毒性以及乙炔醛和 2,3-戊二酮 3 个月吸入毒性。(摘要有删节)。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicity studies of sodium metavanadate and vanadyl sulfate administered in drinking water to Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats and B6C3F1/N mice. 在饮用水中给 Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) 大鼠和 B6C3F1/N 小鼠施用偏钒酸钠和硫酸香草酯的毒性研究。
Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.22427/NTP-TOX-106

Oral human exposure to vanadium may occur due to its presence in food and drinking water and its use in dietary supplements. The most prevalent oxidation states of vanadium in food and drinking water have been characterized as tetravalent and pentavalent. Vanadyl sulfate and sodium metavanadate were selected as representative tetravalent (V4+) and pentavalent (V5+) test articles for these studies, respectively. To assess the potential for oral toxicity of vanadium compounds with differing oxidation states under similar test conditions, the 3-month National Toxicology Program (NTP) toxicity studies of sodium metavanadate and vanadyl sulfate were conducted in male and female Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats (including perinatal exposure) and in B6C3F1/N mice. Drinking water concentrations for sodium metavanadate (0, 31.3, 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/L) and vanadyl sulfate (0, 21.0, 41.9, 83.8, 168, and 335 mg/L) were selected on the basis of previously published 14-day drinking water studies conducted as part of the NTP vanadium research program. (Abstract Abridged).

由于钒存在于食物和饮用水中以及被用于膳食补充剂,人类可能会经口摄入钒。食物和饮用水中最常见的钒氧化态被描述为四价和五价。在这些研究中,硫酸钒和偏钒酸钠分别被选为具有代表性的四价(V4+)和五价(V5+)试验品。为了评估不同氧化态的钒化合物在类似试验条件下的口服毒性潜力,美国国家毒理学计划(NTP)对偏钒酸钠和硫酸钒进行了为期三个月的毒性研究,研究对象是雌雄Sprague Dawley(Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD)大鼠(包括围产期接触)和B6C3F1/N小鼠。偏钒酸钠(0、31.3、62.5、125、250 和 500 毫克/升)和硫酸钒(0、21.0、41.9、83.8、168 和 335 毫克/升)的饮用水浓度是根据先前公布的作为 NTP 钒研究计划一部分而进行的 14 天饮用水研究选定的。(摘要有删节)。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicity studies of (+)-usnic acid administered in feed to F344/N Nctr rats and B6C3F1/Nctr mice. F344/N Nctr 大鼠和 B6C3F1/Nctr 小鼠饲料中 (+)-usnic acid 的毒性研究。
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.22427/NTP-TOX-104

(+)-Usnic acid is a secondary metabolite of lichens belonging to the Usnea genus. Usnea lichens and purified usnic acids have been used historically in traditional herbal medicine as bactericidal and antimicrobial agents. (+)-Usnic acid exhibits membrane proton uncoupling activity, which not only forms the mechanistic basis of its bactericidal action, but also has provided a rationale for its use as a fat-burning, weight-loss agent. Purified (+)-usnic acid has been marketed in the United States for this purpose either alone or in combination with other chemical agents. Use of some of these fat-burning products that contain (+)-usnic acid has resulted in serious liver damage. This study investigated the potential toxicity of (+)-usnic acid in male and female F344/N Nctr rats and B6C3F1/Nctr mice that were exposed via feed for 3 months. F344/N Nctr rats were administered 0, 30, 60, 120, 360, or 720 ppm in feed, while B6C3F1/Nctr mice were administered 0, 15, 30, 60, 180, or 360 ppm in feed. (Abstract Abridged).

(+)-鸟苷酸是乌司拿属地衣的一种次级代谢产物。在传统草药中,乌司拿地衣和纯化的乌司拿酸一直被用作杀菌和抗菌剂。(+)-鸟苷酸具有膜质子解偶联活性,这不仅是其杀菌作用的机理基础,也为其用作燃烧脂肪的减肥药提供了理论依据。纯化的(+)-麝香草酚酸已在美国市场上单独或与其他化学制剂结合使用。使用其中一些含有(+)-麝香草酸的燃脂产品会导致严重的肝损伤。本研究调查了(+)-usnic 酸对通过饲料接触(+)-usnic 酸 3 个月的雌雄 F344/N Nctr 大鼠和 B6C3F1/Nctr 小鼠的潜在毒性。F344/N Nctr 大鼠的饲料用量为 0、30、60、120、360 或 720 ppm,而 B6C3F1/Nctr 小鼠的饲料用量为 0、15、30、60、180 或 360 ppm。(摘要有删节)。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicity studies of Usnea lichens containing (+/-)-usnic acid administered in feed to F344/N Nctr rats and B6C3F1/Nctr mice. F344/N Nctr 大鼠和 B6C3F1/Nctr 小鼠饲料中含有 (+/-)-usnic 酸的 Usnea 地衣的毒性研究。
Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.22427/NTP-TOX-105

Usnea lichens and purified usnic acids have been used historically in traditional herbal medicine as bactericidal and antimicrobial agents. Usnea lichens contain 1%-3% (+/-)-usnic acid and extracts of these lichens are currently marketed in the United States as herbal antimicrobial agents. (+/-)-Usnic acid exhibits membrane proton uncoupling activity, which not only forms the mechanistic basis of its bactericidal action, but also has provided a rationale for its use as a fat burning, weight-loss agent. Purified (+)-usnic acid has been marketed in the United States for this purpose either alone or in combination with other chemical agents. Use of some of these fat burning products that contain (+)-usnic acid has resulted in serious liver damage. This study investigated the potential toxicity of ground Usnea lichens containing (+/-)-usnic acid in male and female Fischer 344/N Nctr rats and B6C3F1/Nctr mice that were exposed via feed for 3 months. F344/N Nctr rats were administered 0, 30, 60, 120, 360, or 720 ppm in feed, while B6C3F1/Nctr mice were administered 0, 15, 30, 60, 180, or 360 ppm in feed. (Abstract Abridged).

Usnea 地衣和纯化的 usnic 酸在传统草药中一直被用作杀菌和抗菌剂。Usnea 地衣含有 1%-3% 的 (+/-)-usnic 酸,这些地衣的提取物目前在美国作为草药抗菌剂销售。(+/-)-鸟苷酸具有膜质子解偶联活性,这不仅是其杀菌作用的机理基础,也为其用作燃烧脂肪的减肥药提供了理论依据。纯化的(+)-麝香草酚酸已在美国市场上单独或与其他化学制剂结合使用。使用其中一些含有(+)-麝香草酸的燃脂产品会导致严重的肝损伤。本研究调查了含有(+/-)-usnic酸的磨碎乌司地衣对雌雄Fischer 344/N Nctr大鼠和B6C3F1/Nctr小鼠的潜在毒性。F344/N Nctr 大鼠的饲料用量为 0、30、60、120、360 或 720 ppm,而 B6C3F1/Nctr 小鼠的饲料用量为 0、15、30、60、180 或 360 ppm。(摘要有删节)。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicity studies of trans-resveratrol administered by gavage for two weeks or three months to F344/NTac rats, Wistar Han [Crl:WI(Han)] rats, and B6C3F1/N mice. 对 F344/NTac 大鼠、Wistar Han [Crl:WI(Han)] 大鼠和 B6C3F1/N 小鼠进行为期两周或三个月的反式白藜芦醇灌胃毒性研究。
Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.22427/NTP-TOX-102

Trans-resveratrol (RES) is a polyphenol found in various fruits and plants. Numerous in vitro studies have shown its clear antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which has led to additional in vivo and clinical studies evaluating the use of RES to treat diseases such as cancer, cardiometabolic disease, and neurodegenerative disease. Despite growing interest in and use of RES, limited studies have assessed the safety of RES exposure, especially perinatally. The National Toxicology Program conducted toxicity studies to provide these data. (Abstract Abridged).

反式白藜芦醇(RES)是一种存在于各种水果和植物中的多酚。大量的体外研究表明,它具有明显的抗氧化和抗炎作用,因此又有更多的体内和临床研究对使用 RES 治疗癌症、心脏代谢疾病和神经退行性疾病等疾病进行评估。尽管人们对 RES 的兴趣和使用与日俱增,但对接触 RES(尤其是围产期接触)安全性的评估研究却十分有限。国家毒理学计划开展了毒性研究,以提供这些数据。(摘要有删节)。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicity studies of Aspergillus fumigatus administered by inhalation to B6C3F1/N mice (revised). 对 B6C3F1/N 小鼠吸入曲霉菌的毒性研究(修订版)。
Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.22427/NTP-TOX-100

Aspergillus fumigatus is a thermotolerant, soil-borne fungal species that is ubiquitous in the environment. Mold was nominated to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) by a private individual due to suspected adverse health effects associated with personal exposure in indoor and occupational settings. A. fumigatus is of particular concern in the biowaste industry as the species can contaminate self-heating compost piles. Because of this potential for personal and occupational exposure and the lack of available toxicity data, toxicity studies were conducted in which male and female B6C3F1/N mice were exposed to A. fumigatus conidia (spores) two times a week for 3 months. All in-life procedures, including inhalation exposure, test article preparation, and hematology analysis, were completed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, Morgantown, WV). Battelle (Columbus, OH) conducted terminal necropsies, measured terminal body and organ weights, and evaluated gross lesions on-site at NIOSH. Tissue processing and histopathology were completed at Battelle. Grocott's methenamine silver (GMS) staining was performed at NIOSH. Genetic toxicology studies on mouse peripheral blood erythrocytes were conducted by Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC (Research Triangle Park, NC). (Abstract Abridged).

曲霉菌(Aspergillus fumigatus)是一种耐高温的土生真菌,在环境中无处不在。由于怀疑个人在室内和职业环境中接触霉菌会对健康造成不良影响,一名个人向国家毒理学计划(NTP)提名霉菌。由于 A. fumigatus 会污染自热堆肥,因此在生物垃圾处理行业尤其值得关注。由于这种潜在的个人和职业接触,以及缺乏可用的毒性数据,因此进行了毒性研究,让雄性和雌性 B6C3F1/N 小鼠接触烟曲霉分生孢子(孢子),每周两次,持续 3 个月。所有生命周期内的程序,包括吸入暴露、试验品制备和血液学分析,均由美国国家职业安全与健康研究所(NIOSH,Morgantown,WV)完成。巴特尔公司(俄亥俄州哥伦布市)在 NIOSH 现场进行了终末尸体解剖,测量了终末尸体和器官重量,并对大体病变进行了评估。组织处理和组织病理学在巴特尔公司完成。Grocott's methenamine silver (GMS) 染色在 NIOSH 进行。对小鼠外周血红细胞的遗传毒理学研究由 Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC 公司(北卡罗来纳州三角研究园)进行。(摘要有删节)。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicity studies of hexachlorobenzene administered by gavage to female Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats. 对雌性 Sprague Dawley(Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD)大鼠灌胃六氯苯的毒性研究。
Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.22427/NTP-TOX-77

Despite the cessation of its production and use in many parts of the world, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) remains highly persistent in the environment, and chronic, low-dose exposure to HCB in humans continues. Its structural resemblance to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), ability to activate the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor, TCDD-like toxicities, and bioaccumulative nature suggest HCB be included in the toxic equivalency factor (TEF) methodology. Consequently, the National Toxicology Program conducted this subchronic study of HCB, including measurement of a variety of toxicological and biochemical endpoints, to allow comparison to TCDD data obtained in a previous 2-year bioassay. (Abstract Abridged).

尽管世界上许多地方都已停止生产和使用六氯苯,但六氯苯在环境中的持久性仍然很高,人类长期、低剂量接触六氯苯的情况仍在继续。六氯苯的结构类似于 2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并对二恶英(TCDD),能够激活芳基烃(Ah)受体,具有类似于 TCDD 的毒性,并且具有生物累积性,因此建议将六氯苯纳入毒性当量因子(TEF)方法中。因此,美国国家毒物学计划对六氯代苯进行了亚慢性研究,包括对各种毒理学和生化终点进行测量,以便与之前两年生物测定中获得的三氯二苯并对二恶英数据进行比较。(摘要有删节)。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicity studies of trimethylsilyldiazomethane administered by nose-only inhalation to Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats and B6C3F1/N mice. 对 Sprague Dawley(Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD)大鼠和 B6C3F1/N 小鼠进行三甲基硅基二偶氮甲烷的毒性研究。
Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.22427/NTP-TOX-101

Trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSD) is a methylating reagent widely used in organic chemistry. TMSD is structurally related to the compound diazomethane, which is a known lethal respiratory toxicant in humans and in animal models. TMSD is less reactive (with lower explosive potential) than diazomethane and is considered a safer, less toxic alternative. Few toxicity data are available to support this claim, however, and TMSD is readily available commercially from chemical suppliers. Concern over the inhalation toxicity of TMSD originates from reports of the death of two chemists resulting from lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome following exposure to TMSD in the workplace. Other concerns include the known inhalation toxicity of diazomethane and the absence of inhalation toxicity data for TMSD. The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted this study to evaluate the acute inhalation toxicity of TMSD in vivo.(Abstract Abridged).

三甲基硅基二偶氮甲烷(TMSD)是一种广泛用于有机化学的甲基化试剂。TMSD 在结构上与重氮甲烷化合物有关,而重氮甲烷是一种已知对人类和动物模型有致命呼吸毒性的物质。TMSD 的反应性比重氮甲烷低(爆炸可能性较低),被认为是一种更安全、毒性更低的替代品。不过,支持这种说法的毒性数据并不多,而 TMSD 可随时从化学品供应商处买到。对 TMSD 吸入毒性的担忧源于有报道称,两名化学家在工作场所接触 TMSD 后,因肺部损伤和急性呼吸窘迫综合征而死亡。其他担忧还包括重氮甲烷的已知吸入毒性以及 TMSD 吸入毒性数据的缺失。国家毒理学计划 (NTP) 开展了这项研究,以评估 TMSD 在体内的急性吸入毒性。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicity studies of fullerene C60 (1 μm and 50 nm) administered by nose-only inhalation to Wistar Han [Crl:WI (Han)] rats and B6C3F1/N mice. 以鼻吸入法对 Wistar Han [Crl:WI (Han)] 大鼠和 B6C3F1/N 小鼠进行富勒烯 C60(1 μm 和 50 nm)的毒性研究。
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.22427/NTP-TOX-87

Fullerene C60 (C60), a primary allotrope of carbon, is used in a variety of consumer applications including microelectronics, photovoltaics, batteries and fuel cells, and water treatment methods. Human exposure to engineered C60 due to industrial applications may occur via inhalation, oral, dermal, or parenteral routes. In these toxicity and tissue burden studies, male and female Wistar Han rats and B6C3F1/N mice were exposed to fullerene C60 (at least 95% pure) via nose-only inhalation for 3 months. Two different C60 fullerene aggregate sizes, 1 µm diameter (micro-C60) and 50 nm diameter (nano-C60) were studied to assess the potential for differential effects based on particle size. (Abstract Abridged).

富勒烯 C60(C60)是碳的一种主要同素异形体,被广泛应用于各种消费领域,包括微电子、光伏、电池和燃料电池以及水处理方法。人类可能会通过吸入、口服、皮肤或肠道外途径接触到工业应用中的工程 C60。在这些毒性和组织负荷研究中,雌雄 Wistar Han 大鼠和 B6C3F1/N 小鼠通过纯鼻吸入富勒烯 C60(纯度至少为 95%),持续暴露 3 个月。研究了两种不同尺寸的 C60 富勒烯聚合体,即直径为 1 微米(微型 C60)和直径为 50 纳米(纳米 C60)的聚合体,以评估根据颗粒尺寸产生不同影响的可能性。(摘要有删节)。
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引用次数: 0
Toxicity studies of abrasive blasting agents administered by inhalation to F344/NTac rats and Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) Rats. 对 F344/NTac 大鼠和 Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) 大鼠吸入磨料喷射剂的毒性研究。
Pub Date : 2020-07-01 DOI: 10.22427/NTP-TOX-91

Abrasive blasting, commonly known as sandblasting, involves forcibly projecting a stream of abrasive particles through compressed air or steam against a surface to change its quality or to remove contaminants. Silica blasting sand contains high levels of crystalline silica--which can cause pulmonary fibrosis (silicosis) after exposure through inhalation and is considered a lung carcinogen--and constitutes approximately 63% of all abrasives used in abrasive blasting. Other abrasives, including specular hematite, are recommended as alternative blasting agents. Due to the health risks associated with using blasting sand in the abrasive blasting process and the lack of toxicity data on alternatives to blasting sand, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) proposed testing blasting sand and alternative abrasives to characterize their associated toxicity. (Abstract Abridged).

磨料喷射通常称为喷砂,是指通过压缩空气或蒸汽将磨料颗粒流强行喷射到表面,以改变表面质量或去除污染物。二氧化硅喷砂含有大量结晶二氧化硅,吸入后可导致肺纤维化(矽肺),被认为是肺致癌物,约占喷砂所用磨料的 63%。建议使用包括镜面赤铁矿在内的其他磨料作为替代喷丸剂。由于在喷砂过程中使用喷砂存在健康风险,而且缺乏喷砂替代品的毒性数据,美国国家职业安全与健康研究所(NIOSH)建议对喷砂和替代磨料进行测试,以确定它们的相关毒性。(摘要有删节)。
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引用次数: 0
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