Sustainable construction practices not only benefits government, environment and occupants but it secure the earth for future generations to come. Thus the paper discussing sustainable construction practices challenges in the construction industry of South Africa. Structured questionnaires were distributed to different construction companies and construction professionals. From the 75 questionnaires distributed, 60 were brought back and they were all valid and usable. Findings from the survey results obtained from the chosen respondents revealed that the is a lack of training in an organization regarding sustainable construction, lack of awareness of sustainable construction practices, lack of sustainable environmental materials, changes in material prices and escalations, lack of accessible guidance, lack of technical skills, resistance to change in adoption and material scarcity. The construction industry needs to promote and create more workshops on sustainable construction practices so that more stake holders would be aware of it benefits and incentives should be provided to organization that are implementing sustainable construction. Furthermore, the implementation of construction principles can be achieved successfully if all the construction stakeholders participates from design to completion of the project with the assistance of knowledgeable project manager on sustainable construction practices. The study will contribute to the body of knowledge by increasing more awareness of SC to professionals in order to be implemented. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.
{"title":"Sustainable Construction Practices Challenges- A Stakeholders Perspective","authors":"N. Mashwama, W. Thwala, C. Aigbavboa","doi":"10.3311/ccc2019-102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ccc2019-102","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable construction practices not only benefits government, environment and occupants but it secure the earth for future generations to come. Thus the paper discussing sustainable construction practices challenges in the construction industry of South Africa. Structured questionnaires were distributed to different construction companies and construction professionals. From the 75 questionnaires distributed, 60 were brought back and they were all valid and usable. Findings from the survey results obtained from the chosen respondents revealed that the is a lack of training in an organization regarding sustainable construction, lack of awareness of sustainable construction practices, lack of sustainable environmental materials, changes in material prices and escalations, lack of accessible guidance, lack of technical skills, resistance to change in adoption and material scarcity. The construction industry needs to promote and create more workshops on sustainable construction practices so that more stake holders would be aware of it benefits and incentives should be provided to organization that are implementing sustainable construction. Furthermore, the implementation of construction principles can be achieved successfully if all the construction stakeholders participates from design to completion of the project with the assistance of knowledgeable project manager on sustainable construction practices. The study will contribute to the body of knowledge by increasing more awareness of SC to professionals in order to be implemented. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129974112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Drone-based surveying using laser scanning with LIDAR has been routinely used in heavy construction to produce high-quality topographical data with increased grid/mesh density when compared to traditional surveying. Differences between pre-construction conditions and post-construction topographical scans thus provides a basis for identifying the work performed, measuring progress and managing progress payments. The technique has demonstrated cost-effectiveness with less physical effort and less time becoming the go-to technology on large unit-price heavy construction projects. The approach is not routinely used on smaller projects partially due to the cost of acquiring the technology or outsourced services. Alternative technologies are desired which could benefit smaller and potentially more diverse construction activities. One promising approach involves using reality capture based on high-resolution imagery. This approach processes a cloud of geolocated imagery to develop virtual models which can then be integrated and analyzed through a BIM platform. Drones-based imagery through off-the shelf unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAV’s) provide the ideal input for this reality capture techniques. The reliability of the resulting models is unknown, however, and research was performed to identify the reliability of the technique to determine on-site volumetric and area quantities. Various off-the-shelf UAV’s (drones) were evaluated and statistical techniques were employed to quantify the reliability of the resulting models. Regression was used to extract data obtained through systematic trials to site-level applications. Results are presented and future directions are outlined and discussed. Diamond Congress Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Drone-Based Photogrammetry for On-Site Quantity Assessment","authors":"E. Small, Johnathan Hendricks, Katie Woodacre","doi":"10.3311/ccc2019-042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ccc2019-042","url":null,"abstract":"Drone-based surveying using laser scanning with LIDAR has been routinely used in heavy construction to produce high-quality topographical data with increased grid/mesh density when compared to traditional surveying. Differences between pre-construction conditions and post-construction topographical scans thus provides a basis for identifying the work performed, measuring progress and managing progress payments. The technique has demonstrated cost-effectiveness with less physical effort and less time becoming the go-to technology on large unit-price heavy construction projects. The approach is not routinely used on smaller projects partially due to the cost of acquiring the technology or outsourced services. Alternative technologies are desired which could benefit smaller and potentially more diverse construction activities. One promising approach involves using reality capture based on high-resolution imagery. This approach processes a cloud of geolocated imagery to develop virtual models which can then be integrated and analyzed through a BIM platform. Drones-based imagery through off-the shelf unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAV’s) provide the ideal input for this reality capture techniques. The reliability of the resulting models is unknown, however, and research was performed to identify the reliability of the technique to determine on-site volumetric and area quantities. Various off-the-shelf UAV’s (drones) were evaluated and statistical techniques were employed to quantify the reliability of the resulting models. Regression was used to extract data obtained through systematic trials to site-level applications. Results are presented and future directions are outlined and discussed. Diamond Congress Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Creative Construction Conference 2019.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126651804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is strong evidence to suggest that the use of collaboration and integration principles and methods improve overall project performance in the construction industry. Commercial Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and Civil Infrastructure Alliance Contracting have specific collaboration and integration principles that define each as a unique delivery method. This paper investigates the similarities and differences between IPD and alliancing in terms of their key principles and explains the differences using the inherent differences between the construction sectors that have dominantly used each of the project delivery methods. The study uses 14 key performance indicators that are typically used to measure the performance of construction projects categorized into a) design optimization and b) construction risk management. The study concludes that IPD is more preferable for projects that require design optimization as the major KPI while alliancing might be more suitable for projects that deal with a significant amount of construction risks. The findings of this study can serve as a guide to properly identify collaboration and integration principles that will allow for better and enhanced project performance in a specific construction sector.
{"title":"Comparison of Key Project Performance Indicators of Different Construction Sectors in Terms of Collaboration and Integration","authors":"P. Barutha, H. D. Jeong, Youngcheol Kang","doi":"10.3311/ccc2019-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ccc2019-032","url":null,"abstract":"There is strong evidence to suggest that the use of collaboration and integration principles and methods improve overall project performance in the construction industry. Commercial Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and Civil Infrastructure Alliance Contracting have specific collaboration and integration principles that define each as a unique delivery method. This paper investigates the similarities and differences between IPD and alliancing in terms of their key principles and explains the differences using the inherent differences between the construction sectors that have dominantly used each of the project delivery methods. The study uses 14 key performance indicators that are typically used to measure the performance of construction projects categorized into a) design optimization and b) construction risk management. The study concludes that IPD is more preferable for projects that require design optimization as the major KPI while alliancing might be more suitable for projects that deal with a significant amount of construction risks. The findings of this study can serve as a guide to properly identify collaboration and integration principles that will allow for better and enhanced project performance in a specific construction sector.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"477 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117233254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems offer a unique set of advantages and disadvantages to a designer, contractor, and building owner. With the procurement requirements for the Government, additional challenges are introduced by these systems, and the systems are currently not permitted for US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) projects due to requirements in mandatory design criteria. This research was performed to discover the major advantages and disadvantages of these systems, and to understand why they are not allowed on USACE projects. While performing interviews concerning these types of systems, two interesting case studies that demonstrate some of the disadvantages for these systems were discovered and will be detailed in this paper. Ultimately, it was discovered that VRF systems do not meet the public law requirement to provide open protocol control systems for U.S. Military projects. While the reasoning for this research had a particular focus on U.S. Military construction, much of the information presented will also be valuable to private entities considering these systems as well.
{"title":"Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems on USACE Projects","authors":"S. Kramer, M. Kilmer, K. Rahn","doi":"10.3311/ccc2019-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ccc2019-022","url":null,"abstract":"Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems offer a unique set of advantages and disadvantages to a designer, contractor, and building owner. With the procurement requirements for the Government, additional challenges are introduced by these systems, and the systems are currently not permitted for US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) projects due to requirements in mandatory design criteria. This research was performed to discover the major advantages and disadvantages of these systems, and to understand why they are not allowed on USACE projects. While performing interviews concerning these types of systems, two interesting case studies that demonstrate some of the disadvantages for these systems were discovered and will be detailed in this paper. Ultimately, it was discovered that VRF systems do not meet the public law requirement to provide open protocol control systems for U.S. Military projects. While the reasoning for this research had a particular focus on U.S. Military construction, much of the information presented will also be valuable to private entities considering these systems as well.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131090311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, buildings are operated according to the standards (i.e. thermal), however; the recommended values in the standards might not necessarily address occupants’ needs, and, thus, occupant complaints might arise. This study aims at assessing the performance of the predicted mean vote (PMV) model to detect occupant thermal dissatisfaction. The case study was conducted in a commercial building located in Paris, France between January 2017 and May 2018. Indoor environmental conditions were monitored via sensors and an online tool was used to collect occupant thermal complaints. A total of 53 thermal complaints were analyzed and the corresponding measurements were checked against the reference values suggested by the ISO 7730 Thermal Comfort Standard. The results show that all of the operative temperature measurements both in the heating and cooling seasons were within the thresholds suggested by the standards. In addition, the PMV method suggested that only 4% of the occupants were dissatisfied with the indoor environment. However; the actual dissatisfaction ratio of occupants was 100% under these indoor environmental conditions. The findings of this study show that predefined comfort ranges, and, thus thermal comfort standards are not able to predict occupant thermal dissatisfaction. conditions against the standards along with the analysis of thermal complaints. This study aims at investigating the compatibility of indoor environmental conditions against ISO 7730 Thermal Comfort Standard in a commercial building as well as analysing the thermal complaints obtained from the occupants. The following sections introduce the material, present the methodology, provide results and conclusion.
{"title":"Do Thermal Comfort Standards Ensure Occupant Satisfaction? Learning From Occupants’ Thermal Complaints","authors":"Ezgi Kocaman, Merve Kuru, G. Calis","doi":"10.3311/ccc2019-093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3311/ccc2019-093","url":null,"abstract":"Today, buildings are operated according to the standards (i.e. thermal), however; the recommended values in the standards might not necessarily address occupants’ needs, and, thus, occupant complaints might arise. This study aims at assessing the performance of the predicted mean vote (PMV) model to detect occupant thermal dissatisfaction. The case study was conducted in a commercial building located in Paris, France between January 2017 and May 2018. Indoor environmental conditions were monitored via sensors and an online tool was used to collect occupant thermal complaints. A total of 53 thermal complaints were analyzed and the corresponding measurements were checked against the reference values suggested by the ISO 7730 Thermal Comfort Standard. The results show that all of the operative temperature measurements both in the heating and cooling seasons were within the thresholds suggested by the standards. In addition, the PMV method suggested that only 4% of the occupants were dissatisfied with the indoor environment. However; the actual dissatisfaction ratio of occupants was 100% under these indoor environmental conditions. The findings of this study show that predefined comfort ranges, and, thus thermal comfort standards are not able to predict occupant thermal dissatisfaction. conditions against the standards along with the analysis of thermal complaints. This study aims at investigating the compatibility of indoor environmental conditions against ISO 7730 Thermal Comfort Standard in a commercial building as well as analysing the thermal complaints obtained from the occupants. The following sections introduce the material, present the methodology, provide results and conclusion.","PeriodicalId":231420,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Creative Construction Conference 2019","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134112467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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